Computer History Wiki - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2018-07-12T16:23:48Z

Toresbe: Fixed formatting error

<center><h2>'''Welcome to the Computer History Wiki!'''</h2>

This is the Computer History Wiki ('CHWiki', for short), a knowledge base about historic computers which anyone can join in order to edit!

(Due to past problems with spam, anonymous editing and automatic account creation have had to be disabled; you'll have to contact an admin to get an account - see below.)

Currently, we've got [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles!

<big> [[:Category:Computers|Systems]] • [[:Category:Peripherals|Peripherals]] • [[:Category:Software|Software]] • [[:Category:Computer Manufacturers|Manufacturers]] • [[:Category:Operating Systems|Operating Systems]] • [[:Category:Networking|Networking]] • [[:Category:Tutorials|Tutorials]] • [[Other Resources]]</big>

For an introduction to MediaWiki syntax and Computer History Wiki conventions, please see [[Help:Contents|Help]].
</center>

{|
|-valign="top"
|
==Introduction by the Administrators==

This wiki is an experiment to create a means for knowledgeable people to enter their information into some kind of a knowledge base. This is however, not the relatively formalized tone and style imposed by Wikipedia. Sentences starting with "I seem to recall" are perfectly welcome here - and articles do '''not''' have to be in the descriptive, encyclopedic style Wikipedia enforces. On the contrary, it is ''preferred'' that many of the articles be references, guides, helpful hints, suggestions, [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials]] and so on.

If you have any information you want to contribute to this wiki, '''please, contribute it'''. We'd much rather remove or modify a dozen potentially unsuited submissions than miss out on a single good one. We hope this wiki grows into a useful resource for everyone interested in classic computing, no matter what their level of knowledge may be; it is meant to be all-encompassing. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] & [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 16:11, 16 May 2007 (PDT)

==Getting an account==

As noted above, due to past problems with spam, you need an account to edit, and admins have to manually create accounts. [[User:Toresbe|Tore]], who handles requests for accounts filed via the system, is often busy, but I too am happy to create accounts - just email me (jnc at alum dot mit dot edu). Please let me know what account name you'd like, and what email address to associate with it, and I'll try and get right to it. The system will send you an email with a temporary password; if you don't see it, and I have sent you an acknowledgement, check your spam-traps: we've had issues with that. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 15:33, 22 October 2017 (CEST)

==Wanted Pages==

If you're not sure what to add, the [[Special:WantedPages|Wanted pages]] page is always a good place to start! Right at the moment, two [[Apple II]] pages, and a [[Windows]] page, are top of the list. So if you have any expertise there, please weigh in! [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 21:44, 2 August 2017 (CEST)

==Admin Services==

[[User:Toresbe|Tore]] has added me to the [http://gunkies.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&group=sysop admin group], and I have considerable experience as an admin on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jnc Wikipedia], so if anyone needs anything which requires admin status (e.g. merging histories for duplicate articles, deleting article names with typos, etc, etc) please let me know. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 14:18, 25 July 2017 (CEST)

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== News ==

{{Computer_History_Wiki:News}}

|}
__NOTOC__

Main Page

2018-07-12T16:23:28Z

Toresbe: /* Temporary problems */ No problems no more

<center><h2>'''Welcome to the Computer History Wiki!'''</h2>

This is the Computer History Wiki ('CHWiki', for short), a knowledge base about historic computers which anyone can join in order to edit!

(Due to past problems with spam, anonymous editing and automatic account creation have had to be disabled; you'll have to contact an admin to get an account - see below.)

Currently, we've got [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles!

<big> [[:Category:Computers|Systems]] • [[:Category:Peripherals|Peripherals]] • [[:Category:Software|Software]] • [[:Category:Computer Manufacturers|Manufacturers]] • [[:Category:Operating Systems|Operating Systems]] • [[:Category:Networking|Networking]] • [[:Category:Tutorials|Tutorials]] • [[Other Resources]]</big>

For an introduction to MediaWiki syntax and Computer History Wiki conventions, please see [[Help:Contents|Help]].
</center>

{|
|-valign="top"

==Introduction by the Administrators==

This wiki is an experiment to create a means for knowledgeable people to enter their information into some kind of a knowledge base. This is however, not the relatively formalized tone and style imposed by Wikipedia. Sentences starting with "I seem to recall" are perfectly welcome here - and articles do '''not''' have to be in the descriptive, encyclopedic style Wikipedia enforces. On the contrary, it is ''preferred'' that many of the articles be references, guides, helpful hints, suggestions, [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials]] and so on.

If you have any information you want to contribute to this wiki, '''please, contribute it'''. We'd much rather remove or modify a dozen potentially unsuited submissions than miss out on a single good one. We hope this wiki grows into a useful resource for everyone interested in classic computing, no matter what their level of knowledge may be; it is meant to be all-encompassing. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] & [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 16:11, 16 May 2007 (PDT)

==Getting an account==

As noted above, due to past problems with spam, you need an account to edit, and admins have to manually create accounts. [[User:Toresbe|Tore]], who handles requests for accounts filed via the system, is often busy, but I too am happy to create accounts - just email me (jnc at alum dot mit dot edu). Please let me know what account name you'd like, and what email address to associate with it, and I'll try and get right to it. The system will send you an email with a temporary password; if you don't see it, and I have sent you an acknowledgement, check your spam-traps: we've had issues with that. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 15:33, 22 October 2017 (CEST)

==Wanted Pages==

If you're not sure what to add, the [[Special:WantedPages|Wanted pages]] page is always a good place to start! Right at the moment, two [[Apple II]] pages, and a [[Windows]] page, are top of the list. So if you have any expertise there, please weigh in! [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 21:44, 2 August 2017 (CEST)

==Admin Services==

[[User:Toresbe|Tore]] has added me to the [http://gunkies.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&group=sysop admin group], and I have considerable experience as an admin on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jnc Wikipedia], so if anyone needs anything which requires admin status (e.g. merging histories for duplicate articles, deleting article names with typos, etc, etc) please let me know. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 14:18, 25 July 2017 (CEST)

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| style="width:30%" |

== News ==

{{Computer_History_Wiki:News}}

|}
__NOTOC__

Computer History Wiki:News

2018-07-12T16:22:29Z

Toresbe:

* '''Major version update''' - Mediawiki has been updated to latest release. If there are any problems that should appear, please let me know. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 16:13, 15 April 2018 (CEST)
** (''Fixed'') We're currently experiencing a problem where non-logged-in users see ''old'' versions of some pages. You can check for this by going to a page's 'History' tab (which also does not show recent versions, on affected pages), and in the 'From month' pulldown menu, select '{{LOCALMONTHNAME}}', and then hit 'Go'; all the versions ''do'' show up. Clicking on the most recent version in that list will get you the most recent text. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 12:55, 23 May 2018 (CEST)
** (''Fixed'') Uploading of content (images, etc) is also currently broken. Regular article editing works, though. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 16:44, 17 June 2018 (CEST)

* '''Category work''' - As a result of an observation about Web crawlers being able to find all our content pages, I've started a major campaign to improve categories, make sure all articles are tagged, etc. I have some queries; see [[Help talk:Introduction to Categories|here]] (the best place I could think of to discuss them, since we've had similar discussions there before). [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 00:40, 11 June 2018 (CEST)

* '''New register headers''' - Following the example of [[:Template:16bit-header‎]] and [[:Template:16bit-bitout‎]], a number of new register templates for other word-lengths have been created: see [[Help:Introduction to Templates#Registers|here]] for details. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 19:08, 16 January 2018 (CET)

''Older news is [[Computer History Wiki:Older News|here]].''

File:M7911.jpg

2018-07-12T15:53:13Z

Toresbe:

Main Page

2018-07-12T15:35:36Z

Toresbe: Cosmetic change

<center><h2>'''Welcome to the Computer History Wiki!'''</h2>

This is the Computer History Wiki ('CHWiki', for short), a knowledge base about historic computers which anyone can join in order to edit!

(Due to past problems with spam, anonymous editing and automatic account creation have had to be disabled; you'll have to contact an admin to get an account - see below.)

Currently, we've got [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles!

<big> [[:Category:Computers|Systems]] • [[:Category:Peripherals|Peripherals]] • [[:Category:Software|Software]] • [[:Category:Computer Manufacturers|Manufacturers]] • [[:Category:Operating Systems|Operating Systems]] • [[:Category:Networking|Networking]] • [[:Category:Tutorials|Tutorials]] • [[Other Resources]]</big>

For an introduction to MediaWiki syntax and Computer History Wiki conventions, please see [[Help:Contents|Help]].
</center>

{|
|-valign="top"

==Temporary problems==

''We're currently experiencing some issues with the Wiki after switching to the latest version of MediaWiki; see the 'News' sidebar for details.''
|
==Introduction by the Administrators==

This wiki is an experiment to create a means for knowledgeable people to enter their information into some kind of a knowledge base. This is however, not the relatively formalized tone and style imposed by Wikipedia. Sentences starting with "I seem to recall" are perfectly welcome here - and articles do '''not''' have to be in the descriptive, encyclopedic style Wikipedia enforces. On the contrary, it is ''preferred'' that many of the articles be references, guides, helpful hints, suggestions, [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials]] and so on.

If you have any information you want to contribute to this wiki, '''please, contribute it'''. We'd much rather remove or modify a dozen potentially unsuited submissions than miss out on a single good one. We hope this wiki grows into a useful resource for everyone interested in classic computing, no matter what their level of knowledge may be; it is meant to be all-encompassing. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] & [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 16:11, 16 May 2007 (PDT)

==Getting an account==

As noted above, due to past problems with spam, you need an account to edit, and admins have to manually create accounts. [[User:Toresbe|Tore]], who handles requests for accounts filed via the system, is often busy, but I too am happy to create accounts - just email me (jnc at alum dot mit dot edu). Please let me know what account name you'd like, and what email address to associate with it, and I'll try and get right to it. The system will send you an email with a temporary password; if you don't see it, and I have sent you an acknowledgement, check your spam-traps: we've had issues with that. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 15:33, 22 October 2017 (CEST)

==Wanted Pages==

If you're not sure what to add, the [[Special:WantedPages|Wanted pages]] page is always a good place to start! Right at the moment, two [[Apple II]] pages, and a [[Windows]] page, are top of the list. So if you have any expertise there, please weigh in! [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 21:44, 2 August 2017 (CEST)

==Admin Services==

[[User:Toresbe|Tore]] has added me to the [http://gunkies.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&group=sysop admin group], and I have considerable experience as an admin on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jnc Wikipedia], so if anyone needs anything which requires admin status (e.g. merging histories for duplicate articles, deleting article names with typos, etc, etc) please let me know. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 14:18, 25 July 2017 (CEST)

| |
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| style="border-left: 1.5px solid #aaaaaa;" |
| |
| |
| style="width:30%" |

== News ==

{{Computer_History_Wiki:News}}

|}
__NOTOC__

Main Page

2018-07-12T15:34:29Z

Toresbe: There's no need for a table of contents on the front page, which is essentially itself a TOC :)

<center><h2>'''Welcome to the Computer History Wiki!'''</h2>

This is the Computer History Wiki ('CHWiki', for short), a knowledge base about historic computers which anyone can join in order to edit. (Due to past problems with spam, anonymous editing and automatic account creation have had to be disabled; you'll have to contact an admin to get an account - see below.)

Currently, we've got [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles!

<big> [[:Category:Computers|Systems]] • [[:Category:Peripherals|Peripherals]] • [[:Category:Software|Software]] • [[:Category:Computer Manufacturers|Manufacturers]] • [[:Category:Operating Systems|Operating Systems]] • [[:Category:Networking|Networking]] • [[:Category:Tutorials|Tutorials]] • [[Other Resources]]</big>

For an introduction to MediaWiki syntax and Computer History Wiki conventions, please see [[Help:Contents|Help]].
</center>

{|
|-valign="top"

==Temporary problems==

''We're currently experiencing some issues with the Wiki after switching to the latest version of MediaWiki; see the 'News' sidebar for details.''
|
==Introduction by the Administrators==

This wiki is an experiment to create a means for knowledgeable people to enter their information into some kind of a knowledge base. This is however, not the relatively formalized tone and style imposed by Wikipedia. Sentences starting with "I seem to recall" are perfectly welcome here - and articles do '''not''' have to be in the descriptive, encyclopedic style Wikipedia enforces. On the contrary, it is ''preferred'' that many of the articles be references, guides, helpful hints, suggestions, [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials]] and so on.

If you have any information you want to contribute to this wiki, '''please, contribute it'''. We'd much rather remove or modify a dozen potentially unsuited submissions than miss out on a single good one. We hope this wiki grows into a useful resource for everyone interested in classic computing, no matter what their level of knowledge may be; it is meant to be all-encompassing. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] & [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 16:11, 16 May 2007 (PDT)

==Getting an account==

As noted above, due to past problems with spam, you need an account to edit, and admins have to manually create accounts. [[User:Toresbe|Tore]], who handles requests for accounts filed via the system, is often busy, but I too am happy to create accounts - just email me (jnc at alum dot mit dot edu). Please let me know what account name you'd like, and what email address to associate with it, and I'll try and get right to it. The system will send you an email with a temporary password; if you don't see it, and I have sent you an acknowledgement, check your spam-traps: we've had issues with that. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 15:33, 22 October 2017 (CEST)

==Wanted Pages==

If you're not sure what to add, the [[Special:WantedPages|Wanted pages]] page is always a good place to start! Right at the moment, two [[Apple II]] pages, and a [[Windows]] page, are top of the list. So if you have any expertise there, please weigh in! [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 21:44, 2 August 2017 (CEST)

==Admin Services==

[[User:Toresbe|Tore]] has added me to the [http://gunkies.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&group=sysop admin group], and I have considerable experience as an admin on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jnc Wikipedia], so if anyone needs anything which requires admin status (e.g. merging histories for duplicate articles, deleting article names with typos, etc, etc) please let me know. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 14:18, 25 July 2017 (CEST)

| |
| |
| |
| style="border-left: 1.5px solid #aaaaaa;" |
| |
| |
| style="width:30%" |

== News ==

{{Computer_History_Wiki:News}}

|}
__NOTOC__

Computer History Wiki:News

2018-07-12T15:31:11Z

Toresbe:

* '''Major version update''' - Mediawiki has been updated to latest release. If there are any problems that should appear, please let me know. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 16:13, 15 April 2018 (CEST)
** (Update: Fixed) We're currently experiencing a problem where non-logged-in users see ''old'' versions of some pages. You can check for this by going to a page's 'History' tab (which also does not show recent versions, on affected pages), and in the 'From month' pulldown menu, select '{{LOCALMONTHNAME}}', and then hit 'Go'; all the versions ''do'' show up. Clicking on the most recent version in that list will get you the most recent text. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 12:55, 23 May 2018 (CEST)
** Uploading of content (images, etc) is also currently broken. Regular article editing works, though. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 16:44, 17 June 2018 (CEST)

* '''Category work''' - As a result of an observation about Web crawlers being able to find all our content pages, I've started a major campaign to improve categories, make sure all articles are tagged, etc. I have some queries; see [[Help talk:Introduction to Categories|here]] (the best place I could think of to discuss them, since we've had similar discussions there before). [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 00:40, 11 June 2018 (CEST)

* '''New register headers''' - Following the example of [[:Template:16bit-header‎]] and [[:Template:16bit-bitout‎]], a number of new register templates for other word-lengths have been created: see [[Help:Introduction to Templates#Registers|here]] for details. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 19:08, 16 January 2018 (CET)

''Older news is [[Computer History Wiki:Older News|here]].''

Computer History Wiki:News

2018-04-15T14:14:01Z

Toresbe:

* '''Major version update''' - Mediawiki has been updated to latest release. If there are any problems that should appear, please let me know. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 16:13, 15 April 2018 (CEST)

* '''New register headers''' - Following the example of [[:Template:16bit-header‎]] and [[:Template:16bit-bitout‎]], a number of new register templates for other word-lengths have been created: see [[Help:Introduction to Templates#Registers|here]] for details. [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 19:08, 16 January 2018 (CET)

* '''VAX article imports''' - I have just imported a large number of VAX articles provided by Antonio Carlini; I have looked at the history of ''all'' of them, and where there was previous content, I have merged it back in. I '''think''' I got them all - if I missed any, I do humbly apologize! [[User:Jnc|Jnc]] ([[User talk:Jnc|talk]]) 16:08, 29 July 2017 (CEST)

''Older news is [[Computer History Wiki:Older News|here]].''

Computer History Wiki:News

2017-07-24T11:48:07Z

Toresbe:

* '''I am very sorry for having neglected this wiki for so long'''. I have authorized two other users to create accounts and AFAIK cleared the backlog of user signup requests. If anyone still has an outstanding request, please let me know. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 13:47, 24 July 2017 (CEST)

* '''The gunkies.org domain has been moved to a less glacial server'''. Hope everything works fine! -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 00:54, 2 December 2015 (CET)

* '''After some strange malware problems - presumably owing to our hosting provider being compromised, the site is once again free of worry.''' All reports of problems go to me, with my gratitude. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 00:50, 10 June 2012 (PDT)

* '''To get some measure of control over spam, user creation has been temporarily disabled.''' Please send [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] a mail if you wish for him to set up an account. This should be a short-term, temporary measure. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 21:32, 10 February 2011 (PST)

* Phew. The spam has really been hitting this wiki pretty hard lately. I've had to enable user account verification in order for this wiki to at all be able to survive. Thanks for everyones' efforts in curtailing the spam. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 14:52, 8 February 2011 (PST)

User:Toresbe

2015-12-02T01:51:42Z

Toresbe: WHOA, an MSN address. Wow. That's terrible.

[[Image:Toresbe.jpeg|thumb|200px|left|Me!]]

Hello, my name is '''Tore Sinding Bekkedal''', and I am a computer history enthusiast.

I can be reached via email at toresbe åt gmåil døt cøm.

I have a neglected home page at http://gunkies.org.

I am also reachable on IRC - nickname toresbe - on most major networks, including EFnet, Freenode, OFTC, and IRCnet.

==My TODO-list==

* Finish the categorizing
* Create VT articles
* Create TU45, TS11, TS03, TE16...
* Fill in more about the PDP-11 architecture
* Elaborate even further on the [[RK11]] article
* Fill in some Tandberg terminal information

Computer History Wiki:News

2015-12-01T23:54:21Z

Toresbe:

* '''The gunkies.org domain has been moved to a less glacial server'''. Hope everything works fine! -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 00:54, 2 December 2015 (CET)

* '''After some strange malware problems - presumably owing to our hosting provider being compromised, the site is once again free of worry.''' All reports of problems go to me, with my gratitude. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 00:50, 10 June 2012 (PDT)

* '''To get some measure of control over spam, user creation has been temporarily disabled.''' Please send [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] a mail if you wish for him to set up an account. This should be a short-term, temporary measure. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 21:32, 10 February 2011 (PST)

* Phew. The spam has really been hitting this wiki pretty hard lately. I've had to enable user account verification in order for this wiki to at all be able to survive. Thanks for everyones' efforts in curtailing the spam. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 14:52, 8 February 2011 (PST)

Computer History Wiki:News

2012-06-10T07:50:26Z

Toresbe:

* '''After some strange malware problems - presumably owing to our hosting provider being compromised, the site is once again free of worry.''' All reports of problems go to me, with my gratitude. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 00:50, 10 June 2012 (PDT)

* '''To get some measure of control over spam, user creation has been temporarily disabled.''' Please send [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] a mail if you wish for him to set up an account. This should be a short-term, temporary measure. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 21:32, 10 February 2011 (PST)

* Phew. The spam has really been hitting this wiki pretty hard lately. I've had to enable user account verification in order for this wiki to at all be able to survive. Thanks for everyones' efforts in curtailing the spam. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 14:52, 8 February 2011 (PST)

User talk:Neozeed

2012-03-07T01:04:17Z

Toresbe: /* Porn redirects: Working on it */ new section

Hey, thanks a bunch for your edits to the Wiki. Thanks also for the reverting of spammed contributions. I have blocked the users now. Cheers, -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 14:58, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Howdy, there's no need to edit a spammer's talk page, just list the user on my own talk page and i'll ban them. -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 06:54, 21 January 2011 (PST)

== Spammers ==

Hey - as you can see, I've taken the step of disabling automatic user registration. Also, I have made my user a bot so that the spam cleanups won't affect the changelog. If you press "Show bot edits" you can indeed see that I have been blocking users left and right. Currently, I'm extremely busy but I check the recent changes several times per day and delete spam and block the remaining users who spam.

Future measures include setting up a captcha for user creation as well as performing a cleanup for the recent changes. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 03:41, 13 February 2011 (PST)

== Porn redirects: Working on it ==

Hey. The virus infected large parts of the wiki. I'm working on fixing things, but it's 2 AM, I'm dead-tired. Hope you can forgive my postponing it until tomorrow. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 17:04, 6 March 2012 (PST)

== Porn redirects: Working on it ==

Hey. The virus infected large parts of the wiki. I'm working on fixing things, but it's 2 AM, I'm dead-tired. Hope you can forgive my postponing it until tomorrow. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 17:04, 6 March 2012 (PST)

User talk:Neozeed

2012-03-07T01:04:14Z

Toresbe: /* Porn redirects: Working on it */ new section

FORTRAN

2011-03-13T14:44:23Z

Toresbe: /* Folk lore */

Fortran, better known as a "FORmula TRANslator". Its primary use was in Scientific and Engineering disciplines. FORTRAN runs on big machines like mainframes, supercomputers, minicomputers and even down to 8 bit CP/M machines. It's a relatively portable language, however many vendors have extended the language in unique and incompatible ways. However over the years FORTRANs popularity has significantly waned, although there is still a significant amount of legacy code out there.

== Dialects ==
Fortran exists in many dialects.
*FORTRAN II (was also known as "FORTRAN with subroutines"?)
*FORTRAN IV
*FORTRAN 66
*FORTRAN 77
*FORTRAN 90
*FORTRAN 95

== Hello World ==
This is a simple FORTRAN program.
<pre>
C23456789012345678901234567890
program hello
print *, 'Hello!'
end
</pre>

== Folklore ==
Fortran is mentioned in the well-known rant "[[Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal]]".

== Popular Compilers ==
*[[f77]]<br>
*[[g77]]<br>
*[[Watcom Fortran]]<br>
*[[Microsoft Fortran]]<br>

== Popular Fortran Programs ==
*[[Snoopy Calendar]]
*[[Zork]]

{{stub}}
[[Category:Languages]]

FORTRAN

2011-03-13T14:43:42Z

Toresbe: /* Dialects */

Fortran, better known as a "FORmula TRANslator". Its primary use was in Scientific and Engineering disciplines. FORTRAN runs on big machines like mainframes, supercomputers, minicomputers and even down to 8 bit CP/M machines. It's a relatively portable language, however many vendors have extended the language in unique and incompatible ways. However over the years FORTRANs popularity has significantly waned, although there is still a significant amount of legacy code out there.

== Dialects ==
Fortran exists in many dialects.
*FORTRAN II (was also known as "FORTRAN with subroutines"?)
*FORTRAN IV
*FORTRAN 66
*FORTRAN 77
*FORTRAN 90
*FORTRAN 95

== Hello World ==
This is a simple FORTRAN program.
<pre>
C23456789012345678901234567890
program hello
print *, 'Hello!'
end
</pre>

== Folk lore ==
Fortran is popular from the old rant "[[Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal]]".

== Popular Compilers ==
*[[f77]]<br>
*[[g77]]<br>
*[[Watcom Fortran]]<br>
*[[Microsoft Fortran]]<br>

== Popular Fortran Programs ==
*[[Snoopy Calendar]]
*[[Zork]]

{{stub}}
[[Category:Languages]]

VAX-11/725

2011-03-12T01:53:47Z

Toresbe: Redirected page to VAX-11/730

#REDIRECT [[VAX-11/730]]

VAX-11/730

2011-03-12T01:52:57Z

Toresbe:

{{Infobox VAX
| name = VAX-11/730
| year introduced = April 1982
| codename = Nebula
}}

The VAX-11/730 was the third VAX introduced, and the slowest implementation of the VAX architecture to have been made. By way of extensive microcoding of the large architecture, the CPU was shrunk to three hex boards. The machine seems to have been most popular for application development projects for the VAX - where the architecture was needed, but not necessarily performance.

It was also sold as VAX-11/725, which was a smaller-size packaging of the same machine. Codename: ''Nebula''.

{{stub}}
{{Nav VAX}}

Computer History Wiki:News

2011-02-13T11:57:17Z

Toresbe:

* '''To get some measure of control over spam, user creation has been temporarily disabled.''' Please send [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] a mail if you wish for him to set up an account. This should be a short-term, temporary measure. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 21:32, 10 February 2011 (PST)

* Phew. The spam has really been hitting this wiki pretty hard lately. I've had to enable user account verification in order for this wiki to at all be able to survive. Thanks for everyones' efforts in curtailing the spam. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 14:52, 8 February 2011 (PST)

User talk:Neozeed

2011-02-13T11:41:03Z

Toresbe: /* Spammers */ new section

Computer History Wiki:News

2011-02-13T10:41:12Z

Toresbe: moved into older news

Computer History Wiki:Older News

2011-02-13T10:41:03Z

Toresbe: Created page with "* Hey everyone, I'm still alive as is this Wiki - and although I'm not putting all that much effort myself into making article edits, I'm still happily maintaining the site and i..."

* Hey everyone, I'm still alive as is this Wiki - and although I'm not putting all that much effort myself into making article edits, I'm still happily maintaining the site and it seems to be accumulating interesting content. A special thank-you goes to [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]] for his tireless contributions. The wiki will be maintained, and backups are made of the content. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 15:04, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

* We've passed the 500 article mark, much in thanks to our consummate contributer [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]]! We've also become the top first or second result on Google for a number of terms. Good job, everyone! -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 21:46, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

* Although the site has been neglected at times, and our two year anniversary went unmarked, we're still around! [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] has made user registration mandatory to deal with the large amount of spam we've been receiving. New templates have been created and more navigation boxes, articles on peripherals and systems have been added too. Keep up the good work everyone, I'm especially proud of the [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials we now have]] for SIMH! :) -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 18 July 2009

User:Toresbe

2011-02-11T05:33:29Z

Toresbe:

[[Image:Toresbe.jpeg|thumb|200px|left|Me!]]

Hello, my name is '''Tore Sinding Bekkedal''', and I am a computer history enthusiast.

I can be reached via email at toresbe åt gmåil døt cøm.

I have a neglected blog at [http://toresbe.blogspot.com/ http://toresbe.blogspot.com/], and a neglected home page at [http://toresbe.at.ifi.uio.no/ http://toresbe.at.ifi.uio.no/].

I am also reachable on IRC, nickname toresbe, on most major networks, including EFnet, Freenode, OFTC, and IRCnet.

Using MSN, I am sometimes reachable as toreoslo@hotmail.com. My Jabber address is toresbe@jabber.org.

==My TODO-list==

* Finish the categorizing
* Create VT articles
* Create TU45, TS11, TS03, TE16...
* Fill in more about the PDP-11 architecture
* Elaborate even further on the [[RK11]] article
* Fill in some Tandberg terminal information

Computer History Wiki:News

2011-02-11T05:32:42Z

Toresbe:

* '''To get some measure of control over spam, user creation has been temporarily disabled.''' Please send [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] a mail if you wish for him to set up an email. This should be a short-term, temporary measure. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 21:32, 10 February 2011 (PST)

* Phew. The spam has really been hitting this wiki pretty hard lately. I've had to enable user account verification in order for this wiki to at all be able to survive. Thanks for everyones' efforts in curtailing the spam. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 14:52, 8 February 2011 (PST)

* Hey everyone, I'm still alive as is this Wiki - and although I'm not putting all that much effort myself into making article edits, I'm still happily maintaining the site and it seems to be accumulating interesting content. A special thank-you goes to [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]] for his tireless contributions. The wiki will be maintained, and backups are made of the content. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 15:04, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

* We've passed the 500 article mark, much in thanks to our consummate contributer [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]]! We've also become the top first or second result on Google for a number of terms. Good job, everyone! -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 21:46, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

* Although the site has been neglected at times, and our two year anniversary went unmarked, we're still around! [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] has made user registration mandatory to deal with the large amount of spam we've been receiving. New templates have been created and more navigation boxes, articles on peripherals and systems have been added too. Keep up the good work everyone, I'm especially proud of the [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials we now have]] for SIMH! :) -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 18 July 2009

Computer History Wiki:News

2011-02-08T22:52:46Z

Toresbe:

* Phew. The spam has really been hitting this wiki pretty hard lately. I've had to enable user account verification in order for this wiki to at all be able to survive. Thanks for everyones' efforts in curtailing the spam. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 14:52, 8 February 2011 (PST)

* Hey everyone, I'm still alive as is this Wiki - and although I'm not putting all that much effort myself into making article edits, I'm still happily maintaining the site and it seems to be accumulating interesting content. A special thank-you goes to [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]] for his tireless contributions. The wiki will be maintained, and backups are made of the content. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 15:04, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

* We've passed the 500 article mark, much in thanks to our consummate contributer [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]]! We've also become the top first or second result on Google for a number of terms. Good job, everyone! -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 21:46, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

* Although the site has been neglected at times, and our two year anniversary went unmarked, we're still around! [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] has made user registration mandatory to deal with the large amount of spam we've been receiving. New templates have been created and more navigation boxes, articles on peripherals and systems have been added too. Keep up the good work everyone, I'm especially proud of the [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials we now have]] for SIMH! :) -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 18 July 2009

User talk:Silent700

2011-02-07T21:14:07Z

Toresbe: I'm WATCHING YOU

== I'm WATCHING YOU ==

NO SPAM!

Template:Extension DPL

2011-02-07T20:39:29Z

Toresbe: Template:Extension DPL

<noinclude>This page was automatically created. It serves as an anchor page for all '''[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Extension_DPL|invocations]]''' of [http://mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:DynamicPageList Extension:DynamicPageList (DPL)].</noinclude>

Category:SPAM

2011-02-03T14:25:06Z

Toresbe:

The articles put in this category will be deleted as promptly as I can manage. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 06:25, 3 February 2011 (PST)

Main Page

2010-11-15T15:04:18Z

Toresbe: /* News */

<center><h2>'''Welcome to the Computer History Wiki!'''</h2>

This is the Computer History Wiki, a knowledge base about historic computers which anyone can edit. Currently, we've got [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles!

<big> [[:Category:Computers|Systems]] • [[:Category:Peripherals|Peripherals]] • [[:Category:Software|Software]] • [[:Category:Computer Manufacturers|Manufacturers]] • [[:Category:Operating Systems|Operating Systems]] • [[:Category:Network Protocols|Networking]] • [[:Category:Tutorials|Tutorials]] • [[Other Resources]]</big>

For an introduction to MediaWiki syntax and Computer History Wiki conventions, please see [[Help:Contents|Help]].
</center>

{|
|-valign="top"
|
==Introduction by the Administrators==

This wiki is an experiment to create a means for knowledgeable people to enter their information into some kind of a knowledge base. This is however, not the relatively formalized tone and style imposed by Wikipedia. Sentences starting with "I seem to recall" are perfectly welcome here - and articles do '''not''' have to be in the descriptive, encyclopedic style Wikipedia enforces. On the contrary, it is ''preferred'' that many of the articles be references, guides, helpful hints, suggestions, [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials]] and so on.

This English wiki stems from frustration [[User:Toresbe|Tore Sinding Bekkedal]] experienced with adding information to the [http://www.nodaf.no Norwegian Computer History Society wiki] when he realized that his content would only be accessible to those who understood Norwegian.

If you have any information you want to contribute to this wiki, '''please, contribute it'''. We'd much rather remove or modify a dozen potentially unsuited submissions than miss out on a single good one.

We hope this wiki grows into a useful resource for everyone interested in classic computing, no matter what their level of knowedge may be. We realize that there are more specific wikis for [[Commodore 64|Commodore]] and Amiga and so on, but this is a general wiki for everything related to historical computing; it is meant to be all encompassing.

The current URL is temporary as this is an experiment to see if people will actually make edits and find it useful. If it "catches on" as we suspect it will, [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] will of course register a domain with an appropriate name. The threshold for "catches on" is quite low - as a worst case scenario, this becomes a one-user Content Management System -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] & [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 16:11, 16 May 2007 (PDT)
| |
| |
| |
| style="border-left: 1.5px solid #aaaaaa;" |
| |
| |
| style="width:30%" |
== News ==

* Hey everyone, I'm still alive as is this Wiki - and although I'm not putting all that much effort myself into making article edits, I'm still happily maintaining the site and it seems to be accumulating interesting content. A special thank-you goes to [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]] for his tireless contributions. The wiki will be maintained, and backups are made of the content. -- [[User:Toresbe|Tore]] ([[User talk:Toresbe|talk]]) 15:04, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

* We've passed the 500 article mark, much in thanks to our consummate contributer [[User:Neozeed|Neozeed]]! We've also become the top first or second result on Google for a number of terms. Good job, everyone! -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 21:46, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

* Although the site has been neglected at times, and our two year anniversary went unmarked, we're still around! [[User:Toresbe|Toresbe]] has made user registration mandatory to deal with the large amount of spam we've been receiving. New templates have been created and more navigation boxes, articles on peripherals and systems have been added too. Keep up the good work everyone, I'm especially proud of the [[:Category:Tutorials|tutorials we now have]] for SIMH! :) -- [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 18 July 2009
|}

User talk:Neozeed

2010-11-15T14:58:36Z

Toresbe: New page: Hey, thanks a bunch for your edits to the Wiki. Thanks also for the reverting of spammed contributions. I have blocked the users now. Cheers, ~~~~

Mass Storage Control Protocol

2008-01-21T15:43:48Z

Toresbe: Start stub

'''MSCP''', or '''Mass Storage Control Protocol''', was a relatively sophisticated host-controller/CPU interface used by DEC for amongst other computers, PDP-11s and VAX.

==Technical description==
==Architecture==
==Nomenclature==
==Commands==

NORD-10

2007-07-18T00:15:32Z

Toresbe:

{{Infobox Machine
| name = NORD-10
| manufacturer = [[Norsk Data]]
| image = Nord-10.jpeg
| caption = A pair of NORD-10/S minicomputers
| word size = 16 bit
| year introduced = 1973
}}
The '''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose [[16-bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in [[1973]]. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements.

The CPU had a microprocessor, which was defined in the manual as a portmanteau of "microcode processor" - not to be confused with the then nascent microprocessor. The CPU additionally contained instructions, operator communication, bootstrap loaders, and hardware test programs, were implemented in a 1K [[Read-only memory|ROM]].

The microprocessor also allowed for customer specified instructions to be built in. NORD-10 had a memory management system with hardware paging extending the memory size from 64 to 256K 16-bit words and two independent protecting systems, one acting on each page and one on the mode of instructions. The interrupt system had 16 program levels in hardware, each with its own set of general-purpose registers.

''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.

== The CPU ==

The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape|tape]] and [[punch card|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].

The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words.

==The memory==

The [[Random access memory|memory]] system of the first NORD-10s were built up of 8K 16-bit modules housed in a special memory rack. One [[19-inch rack]] could take up to eight 8K modules. It was possible to extend the NORD-10's physical address space beyond 64K up to a maximum of 256K 16-bit words. The [[paging]] system translated a 16-bit [[virtual address]] into an 18-bit [[physical address]].

The hardware paging system made it possible for one user to write programs up to 64K (virtual memory), and only parts of the program to be present in [[physical memory]] at any time (using dynamic memory allocation). The paging system divided memory into 1K pages. The 4 page index tables were found in a 256 word extremely fast memory block. The calculation of a physical address resulted in no appreciable delay in the effective memory cycle time.

The NORD-10 had two independent protection systems. Each individual page could be protected against being read from, written into (type data or type instructions), or against reading of instructions. In addition, there was a system which divided the pages into four different categories, called rings. The [[Ring (computer security)|rings]] had a priority from 0 to 3. A program on a lower ring was never allowed to access the pages on a higher ring. Programs which ran on rings 2 and 3 could use the whole NORD-10 instruction set, while programs on rings 0 and 1 only had a limited instruction set available. The different rings were displayed on the operator's panel. For example, ring 0 (USER) may have held a user program, while compilers and assemblers ran in ring 1 (PROTECTED USER). The bulk of the operating system could run in ring 2 (SYSTEM), and the kernel in ring 3 (PROTECTED SYSTEM). If one attempted to execute privileged instructions in ring 0 or 1, or attempts were made to accessed a protected page, a hardware status [[interrupt]] would automatically be generated on program level 14 indicating the error.

==I/O system and Bus Architecture==

The NORD-10 was equipped with a common [[Computer bus|bus]] system for all [[Peripheral device|external devices]]. The bus system was divided into groups, and a great deal of effort had been made to ensure that no device would be able to jam the bus system in the case of malfunction. Each group had its own controller which in addition to functioning as an electronic switch for the bus system, could also change priority for the whole group. All interconnections between the cards were done with multilayer [[Printed circuit board|printed circuit]] [[Backplane|backwiring boards]], and all [[Input/output|I/O]] [[Interface (computer science)|interface]] had the same standard form. The system could therefore be extended or reconfigured by plugging in new or shifting around the existing interface cards. The position of the device interface in the card rack determined the [[Interrupt priority level|interrupt priority]] of the device. In [[Direct memory access|DMA]] transfers the device would send a "REQUEST". The CPU would answer with a "GRANT" signal, which would be passed from device to device until it came to the device which initiated the "REQUEST", and transfer to the memory could take place. When two or more devices request a DMA request simultaneously to the CPU had the highest priority. One memory cycle later the next DMA along the chain would be allowed to send data, and so on, until a higher priority device again sent a REQUEST. This meant that many DMA devices could use the same bus system at the full data transfer rate. It was not necessary to establish a "master-slave" connection. The transfer was one 16-bit word/850 nanoseconds, or 2.2MB/s.

The printed backplane of the I/O bus was modular in groups of 8 interface slots. Interfaces for [[mass storage]]s as [[Hard disk|disk]], [[Drum memory|drum]], [[Magnetic Tape|magtape]], etc., were built with one interface card to be plugged at the appropriate place in the bus system, the remaining control cards (6-7) were placed in one of the backplane modules.

==The Interrupt System==

The NORD-10 had a multiprogram system with 16 priority program levels. Each program level had its own set of registers, including a program counter and a [[PSW|status word]]. The levels running could be shown on the [[front panel]] by pressing the button ACTIVE LEVELS. Levels 0 through 9 were used for programs. Internal hardware status interrupts were assigned to level 14, whilst level 15 was reserved for extremely fast user interrupts (this was colloquially called the "Synchroton level", since the only program ever to have used it was the program controlling the synchroton at [[CERN]])

Levels 10, 11, 12, and 13 were reserved for external devices. Each device had its own unique identification vector. In all 2048 such vectors were available. The "IDENT" instruction determined which device was giving an interrupt. The identification of an interrupt took 1.7 microseconds, including the time taken to enable and disable the registers.

==System Software==

The NORD-10 was delivered with a time-shared system, NORD-TSS, and a real-time multitasking [[operating system]], [[SINTRAN III]]. The minimum configuration for SINTRAN III included a standard NORD-10 with 8K of [[Magnetic core memory|core]].

With NORD-TSS all users could simultaneously run any of the systems [[FORTRAN IV]], [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]], MAC [[Assembly language#Assembler|Assembler]], [[NODAL]], [[NORD-PL]], or [[QED (text editor)|QED]].

==Known remaining systems==

There are several known NORD-10 and NORD-10/S system known to remain, many of which are in near-operational condition, and several are in the care of [[NODAF]]. Restorations of systems are planned in both [[Oslo]] by [[NODAF]] [http://nodaf.no/index.php/NORD-10.5_progress_log] and [[Trondheim]] by [[Norwegian University of Science and Technology|NTNU]].

Its predecessor was the [[NORD-1]] and its successor the [[NORD-100]].

==Sources==

"Inside NORD-10", by Cand. Real. Jan Aske Børresen for A/S Norsk Data-Elektronikk, ND-nytt

[[Category:Norsk Data Hardware]]

NORD-10

2007-07-18T00:14:35Z

Toresbe:

{{Infobox Machine
| name = NORD-10
| manufacturer = [[Norsk Data]]
| image = Nord-10.jpeg
| caption = A pair of NORD-10/S minicomputers
| word size = 16 bit
| year introduced = 1973
}}

'''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose [[16-bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in [[1973]]. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements.

The CPU had a microprocessor, which was defined in the manual as a portmanteau of "microcode processor" - not to be confused with the then nascent microprocessor. The CPU additionally contained instructions, operator communication, bootstrap loaders, and hardware test programs, were implemented in a 1K [[Read-only memory|ROM]].

The microprocessor also allowed for customer specified instructions to be built in. NORD-10 had a memory management system with hardware paging extending the memory size from 64 to 256K 16-bit words and two independent protecting systems, one acting on each page and one on the mode of instructions. The interrupt system had 16 program levels in hardware, each with its own set of general-purpose registers.

''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.

== The CPU ==

The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape|tape]] and [[punch card|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].

The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words.

==The memory==

The [[Random access memory|memory]] system of the first NORD-10s were built up of 8K 16-bit modules housed in a special memory rack. One [[19-inch rack]] could take up to eight 8K modules. It was possible to extend the NORD-10's physical address space beyond 64K up to a maximum of 256K 16-bit words. The [[paging]] system translated a 16-bit [[virtual address]] into an 18-bit [[physical address]].

The hardware paging system made it possible for one user to write programs up to 64K (virtual memory), and only parts of the program to be present in [[physical memory]] at any time (using dynamic memory allocation). The paging system divided memory into 1K pages. The 4 page index tables were found in a 256 word extremely fast memory block. The calculation of a physical address resulted in no appreciable delay in the effective memory cycle time.

The NORD-10 had two independent protection systems. Each individual page could be protected against being read from, written into (type data or type instructions), or against reading of instructions. In addition, there was a system which divided the pages into four different categories, called rings. The [[Ring (computer security)|rings]] had a priority from 0 to 3. A program on a lower ring was never allowed to access the pages on a higher ring. Programs which ran on rings 2 and 3 could use the whole NORD-10 instruction set, while programs on rings 0 and 1 only had a limited instruction set available. The different rings were displayed on the operator's panel. For example, ring 0 (USER) may have held a user program, while compilers and assemblers ran in ring 1 (PROTECTED USER). The bulk of the operating system could run in ring 2 (SYSTEM), and the kernel in ring 3 (PROTECTED SYSTEM). If one attempted to execute privileged instructions in ring 0 or 1, or attempts were made to accessed a protected page, a hardware status [[interrupt]] would automatically be generated on program level 14 indicating the error.

==I/O system and Bus Architecture==

The NORD-10 was equipped with a common [[Computer bus|bus]] system for all [[Peripheral device|external devices]]. The bus system was divided into groups, and a great deal of effort had been made to ensure that no device would be able to jam the bus system in the case of malfunction. Each group had its own controller which in addition to functioning as an electronic switch for the bus system, could also change priority for the whole group. All interconnections between the cards were done with multilayer [[Printed circuit board|printed circuit]] [[Backplane|backwiring boards]], and all [[Input/output|I/O]] [[Interface (computer science)|interface]] had the same standard form. The system could therefore be extended or reconfigured by plugging in new or shifting around the existing interface cards. The position of the device interface in the card rack determined the [[Interrupt priority level|interrupt priority]] of the device. In [[Direct memory access|DMA]] transfers the device would send a "REQUEST". The CPU would answer with a "GRANT" signal, which would be passed from device to device until it came to the device which initiated the "REQUEST", and transfer to the memory could take place. When two or more devices request a DMA request simultaneously to the CPU had the highest priority. One memory cycle later the next DMA along the chain would be allowed to send data, and so on, until a higher priority device again sent a REQUEST. This meant that many DMA devices could use the same bus system at the full data transfer rate. It was not necessary to establish a "master-slave" connection. The transfer was one 16-bit word/850 nanoseconds, or 2.2MB/s.

The printed backplane of the I/O bus was modular in groups of 8 interface slots. Interfaces for [[mass storage]]s as [[Hard disk|disk]], [[Drum memory|drum]], [[Magnetic Tape|magtape]], etc., were built with one interface card to be plugged at the appropriate place in the bus system, the remaining control cards (6-7) were placed in one of the backplane modules.

==The Interrupt System==

The NORD-10 had a multiprogram system with 16 priority program levels. Each program level had its own set of registers, including a program counter and a [[PSW|status word]]. The levels running could be shown on the [[front panel]] by pressing the button ACTIVE LEVELS. Levels 0 through 9 were used for programs. Internal hardware status interrupts were assigned to level 14, whilst level 15 was reserved for extremely fast user interrupts (this was colloquially called the "Synchroton level", since the only program ever to have used it was the program controlling the synchroton at [[CERN]])

Levels 10, 11, 12, and 13 were reserved for external devices. Each device had its own unique identification vector. In all 2048 such vectors were available. The "IDENT" instruction determined which device was giving an interrupt. The identification of an interrupt took 1.7 microseconds, including the time taken to enable and disable the registers.

==System Software==

The NORD-10 was delivered with a time-shared system, NORD-TSS, and a real-time multitasking [[operating system]], [[SINTRAN III]]. The minimum configuration for SINTRAN III included a standard NORD-10 with 8K of [[Magnetic core memory|core]].

With NORD-TSS all users could simultaneously run any of the systems [[FORTRAN IV]], [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]], MAC [[Assembly language#Assembler|Assembler]], [[NODAL]], [[NORD-PL]], or [[QED (text editor)|QED]].

==Known remaining systems==

There are several known NORD-10 and NORD-10/S system known to remain, many of which are in near-operational condition, and several are in the care of [[NODAF]]. Restorations of systems are planned in both [[Oslo]] by [[NODAF]] [http://nodaf.no/index.php/NORD-10.5_progress_log] and [[Trondheim]] by [[Norwegian University of Science and Technology|NTNU]].

Its predecessor was the [[NORD-1]] and its successor the [[NORD-100]].

==Sources==

"Inside NORD-10", by Cand. Real. Jan Aske Børresen for A/S Norsk Data-Elektronikk, ND-nytt

[[Category:Norsk Data Hardware]]

Timeline of Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:59:48Z

Toresbe:

This is a brief working page on my part - it is certainly a work in progress. There should be more pictures, and some more summaries of the products introduced. Also, the later history is - stated mildly - anemic.

==1967==
* In July, Norsk Data-Elektronikk is founded.
* In September, it is made publically traded. Rolf Skår counts this as the "beginning of the company in earnest". An anniversary is planned for September 2007.

==1968==
* 3 [[NORD-1]] installed
* The NORD-1 is completed, featuring an unusually rich register set, and floating-point arithmetic as standard equipment, possibly the first minicomputer to do so.

==1969==
* A virtual memory system for the NORD-1 is created. Seemingly the first minicomputer to do so. (IIRC, the Burroughs B5000 was the first computer.)
* 11 NORD-1 installed

==1970==
* 17 NORD-1 installed

==1971==
* 28 NORD-1 installed
* Development is started on the [[NORDIC]] system, [[NORDCOM]], and [[NORD-20]].
* New offices are moved in to: 850 square meters in Økern Forretningssenter.

==1972==
* 29 NORD-1 installed, 1 [[NORD-5]]
* [[NORDIC]] completed
* [[BASIC]] compiler developed
* Terminal systems developed
* [[NORD-TSS]] in development
* Development of the [[NORD-10]] started, estimated finished first half of 1973.

==1973==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5 (Computas A.S.)
* 12 NORD-10 installed
* Market demands increase sharply after CERN contract
* Contracts signed in Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, and France.
* 32% of orders from export.
* NORD-TSS completed, a multi-user multi-lingual time-sharing operating system.
* [[NORD-PL]] developed
* ND starts a licensing agreement with the central institute for industrial research to use and further develop the database system [[SIBAS]].
* Contract signed with ASEA-ATOM for three systems for 6 million NOK, each consisting of a configuration of NORD-10/5s. Systems to be used for surveillance and control of nuclear power plants.

==1974==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5
* 46 NORD-10 installed
* [[NORD-12]] and [[NORD-50]] in planning and development.
* [[NORD-42]] is completed, with MOS memory using 4Kb chips. First delivery in the summer.
* The NORDCOM-74 is developed, an updated NORDCOM system.
* Further development of different I/O controllers for the NORD-10, including the NORDCOM graphics system
* Development of administrative software. Software development team is twice the size of the hardware team!
* Development of [[SINTRAN III]] dominates the software division manpower. The first SINTRAN-III systems are installed in late 1974.
* The company moves in to new offices in Lørenvn. 57 in August, using 5800m2. Thought to be sufficient until first quarter 1976.
* A daughter company is considered in Stockholm, Sweden, to be operative 4th quarter 1975.
* First contract with Cern, Lab. II is signed, using the NORD-10.

==1975==
* 4 NORD-1 installed
* 62 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* The NORD-50 is completed, a second-generation 32-bit superminicomputer.
* A solid-state memory system for the NORD-10 is developed.
* Large mass storage system for the NORD-10 developed.
* The typesetting system [[GMS-12]], the ancestor of [[NORTEXT]], is developed for NTB.
* [[NORDFORSK]], a Nordic technical research network, is developed using a NORD-12 core system.
* SIBAS, a Codasyl-based, multi-user on-line database management system, is introduced.

==1976==
* 83 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* Planning of the building on Furuset is almost completed. Building is planned to be approx. 9 800 m2, and planned cost is approx. 42 mill. NOK.

==1977==
* 114 NORD-10/[[NORD-10/S]] installed, 7 NORD-50
* NORD-10/S introduced
* Initial deliveries worth 4.5 million NOK for the first parts of the F-16 airplane simulator. Approximately 18 more simulator systems are expected to be delivered.

==1978==
* Relocation to the new building takes place medio August.
* Contract with Singer Link for the delivery of 6 more simulators.
* [[CERN]] is still an active customer. 120 machines sold this year. There have been suggestions of about 40 more simulators being needed.
* Development of the [[NORD-100]], originally designated the NORD-10/M, and intended as a lower-cost bitsliced version of the NORD-10. Just happened to end up significantly faster. It seems to have been the first single-board 16-bit minicomputer.

==1979==
* With effect from July 3, Norsk Data took over part of the business of the former [[Tandberg Radiofabrikk A/S]]. Tandberg is expected to show a profit by 1980.
* Norsk Data introduces the NORD-100.
* Development of the [[NORD-500]] begins.
* Another large order for [[F-16 simulator]]s is recieved.
* Norsk Data takes over a 16700 m2 industrial building at Skullerud, Oslo. The building is leased to Tandberg.
* [[ND-NOTIS]], an integrated word processing and administrative data processing system, is introduced.

==1980==
* Effective from January 1st, Norsk Data absorbs the four [[Comtec]] companies in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and West Germany from Nobø Fabrikker.
* Tandberg becomes independent of Norsk Data in the autumn of 1980. Profit was well below the anticipations.
* [[ACCESS]], an on-line query system, allowing user-friendly access to a data-base via interactive terminals.

==1981==
* '''The average price of a delivered computer was NOK 750 000, and had on average 512 Kbyte RAM, 110 Mbyte hard disk storage, and 16 terminals.'''
* The [[ND Satellite]] range is introduced.

==1982==
* [[COSMOS]] finishes development. COSMOS was a networking system permitting applications and databases to be shared through a data network.
* [[ND-SAFE]] (backronymed to System Architecture For Expansion) is introduced.
* [[ND-ORBIS]] (Organization Related Business Information System) is introduced.
* The [[ND-100#ND-100/CX|ND-100/CX]] is intorduced.
* The ND-500 is split into three systems: ND-520, ND-560, and ND-570 (?)

==1982==
* The [[ND-500#ND-570|ND-570/CXA]] is introduced.

==2006==
* Tore takes a break.

==2007==
* Tore realizes he STILL hasn't finished this page, and promises to do that any moment now.
[[Category:Timelines]][[Category:Norsk Data]][[Category:Norwegian Computer History]]

Category:Norsk Data Hardware

2007-07-17T23:56:18Z

Toresbe: New page: This is a category for computer systems and peripherals made by Norsk Data. There is as of yet no real convention to deal with rebranding. If you have information on an ND peripheral, just...

This is a category for computer systems and peripherals made by Norsk Data. There is as of yet no real convention to deal with rebranding. If you have information on an ND peripheral, just write it using the ND brand name and mention it was rebranded. Tore will get around to sorting it out.

[[Category:Norsk Data]]

Category:Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:54:54Z

Toresbe:

This is a category for articles related to Norsk Data - its company history, people associated with the company, etcetera.

Hardware articles have [[:Category:Norsk Data Hardware|their own category]], and software articles have [[:Category:Norsk Data Software|theirs]].

Category:Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:54:24Z

Toresbe: New page: This is a category for articles related to Norsk Data - its company history, people associated with the company, etcetera. Hardware articles have [[Category:Norsk Data Hardware|their own ...

This is a category for articles related to Norsk Data - its company history, people associated with the company, etcetera.

Hardware articles have [[Category:Norsk Data Hardware|their own category]], and software articles have [[Category:Norsk Data Software|theirs]].

Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:51:36Z

Toresbe:

'''Norsk Data''', frequently abbreviated '''ND''', was a Norwegian computer manufacturer.

==See Also==
[[Timeline of Norsk Data]]

[[:Category:Norsk Data|Articles in category Norsk Data]]

[[Category:Computer Manufacturers]]

NORD-20

2007-07-17T23:49:58Z

Toresbe:

The '''NORD-20''' was a smaller, architecturally compatible version of the [[NORD-10]], for use in OEM and process control systems.

==See Also==
[[NORD-10]]

[[Category:Norsk Data Hardware]][[Category:Norwegian Computer History]]

Timeline of Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:49:44Z

Toresbe:

This is a brief working page on my part - it is certainly a work in progress. There should be more pictures, and some more summaries of the products introduced. Also, the later history is - stated mildly - anemic.

==1967==
* In July, Norsk Data-Elektronikk is founded.
* In September, it is made publically traded.

==1968==
* 3 [[NORD-1]] installed
* The NORD-1 is completed, featuring an unusually rich register set, and floating-point arithmetic as standard equipment, possibly the first minicomputer to do so.

==1969==
* A virtual memory system for the NORD-1 is created. Seemingly the first minicomputer to do so. (IIRC, the Burroughs B5000 was the first computer.)
* 11 NORD-1 installed

==1970==
* 17 NORD-1 installed

==1971==
* 28 NORD-1 installed
* Development is started on the [[NORDIC]] system, [[NORDCOM]], and [[NORD-20]].
* New offices are moved in to: 850 square meters in Økern Forretningssenter.

==1972==
* 29 NORD-1 installed, 1 [[NORD-5]]
* [[NORDIC]] completed
* [[BASIC]] compiler developed
* Terminal systems developed
* [[NORD-TSS]] in development
* Development of the [[NORD-10]] started, estimated finished first half of 1973.

==1973==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5 (Computas A.S.)
* 12 NORD-10 installed
* Market demands increase sharply after CERN contract
* Contracts signed in Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, and France.
* 32% of orders from export.
* NORD-TSS completed, a multi-user multi-lingual time-sharing operating system.
* [[NORD-PL]] developed
* ND starts a licensing agreement with the central institute for industrial research to use and further develop the database system [[SIBAS]].
* Contract signed with ASEA-ATOM for three systems for 6 million NOK, each consisting of a configuration of NORD-10/5s. Systems to be used for surveillance and control of nuclear power plants.

==1974==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5
* 46 NORD-10 installed
* [[NORD-12]] and [[NORD-50]] in planning and development.
* [[NORD-42]] is completed, with MOS memory using 4Kb chips. First delivery in the summer.
* The NORDCOM-74 is developed, an updated NORDCOM system.
* Further development of different I/O controllers for the NORD-10, including the NORDCOM graphics system
* Development of administrative software. Software development team is twice the size of the hardware team!
* Development of [[SINTRAN III]] dominates the software division manpower. The first SINTRAN-III systems are installed in late 1974.
* The company moves in to new offices in Lørenvn. 57 in August, using 5800m2. Thought to be sufficient until first quarter 1976.
* A daughter company is considered in Stockholm, Sweden, to be operative 4th quarter 1975.
* First contract with Cern, Lab. II is signed, using the NORD-10.

==1975==
* 4 NORD-1 installed
* 62 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* The NORD-50 is completed, a second-generation 32-bit superminicomputer.
* A solid-state memory system for the NORD-10 is developed.
* Large mass storage system for the NORD-10 developed.
* The typesetting system [[GMS-12]], the ancestor of [[NORTEXT]], is developed for NTB.
* [[NORDFORSK]], a Nordic technical research network, is developed using a NORD-12 core system.
* SIBAS, a Codasyl-based, multi-user on-line database management system, is introduced.

==1976==
* 83 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* Planning of the building on Furuset is almost completed. Building is planned to be approx. 9 800 m2, and planned cost is approx. 42 mill. NOK.

==1977==
* 114 NORD-10/[[NORD-10/S]] installed, 7 NORD-50
* NORD-10/S introduced
* Initial deliveries worth 4.5 million NOK for the first parts of the F-16 airplane simulator. Approximately 18 more simulator systems are expected to be delivered.

==1978==
* Relocation to the new building takes place medio August.
* Contract with Singer Link for the delivery of 6 more simulators.
* [[CERN]] is still an active customer. 120 machines sold this year. There have been suggestions of about 40 more simulators being needed.
* Development of the [[NORD-100]], originally designated the NORD-10/M, and intended as a lower-cost bitsliced version of the NORD-10. Just happened to end up significantly faster. It seems to have been the first single-board 16-bit minicomputer.

==1979==
* With effect from July 3, Norsk Data took over part of the business of the former [[Tandberg Radiofabrikk A/S]]. Tandberg is expected to show a profit by 1980.
* Norsk Data introduces the NORD-100.
* Development of the [[NORD-500]] begins.
* Another large order for [[F-16 simulator]]s is recieved.
* Norsk Data takes over a 16700 m2 industrial building at Skullerud, Oslo. The building is leased to Tandberg.
* [[ND-NOTIS]], an integrated word processing and administrative data processing system, is introduced.

==1980==
* Effective from January 1st, Norsk Data absorbs the four [[Comtec]] companies in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and West Germany from Nobø Fabrikker.
* Tandberg becomes independent of Norsk Data in the autumn of 1980. Profit was well below the anticipations.
* [[ACCESS]], an on-line query system, allowing user-friendly access to a data-base via interactive terminals.

==1981==
* '''The average price of a delivered computer was NOK 750 000, and had on average 512 Kbyte RAM, 110 Mbyte hard disk storage, and 16 terminals.'''
* The [[ND Satellite]] range is introduced.

==1982==
* [[COSMOS]] finishes development. COSMOS was a networking system permitting applications and databases to be shared through a data network.
* [[ND-SAFE]] (backronymed to System Architecture For Expansion) is introduced.
* [[ND-ORBIS]] (Organization Related Business Information System) is introduced.
* The [[ND-100#ND-100/CX|ND-100/CX]] is intorduced.
* The ND-500 is split into three systems: ND-520, ND-560, and ND-570 (?)

==1982==
* The [[ND-500#ND-570|ND-570/CXA]] is introduced.

==2006==
* Tore takes a break.

==2007==
* Tore realizes he STILL hasn't finished this page, and promises to do that any moment now.
[[Category:Timelines]][[Category:Norsk Data]][[Category:Norwegian Computer History]]

NORD-20

2007-07-17T23:49:32Z

Toresbe: New page: The '''NORD-20''' was a smaller, architecturally compatible version of the NORD-10, for use in OEM and process control systems. ==See Also== NORD-10 Category:Norsk Data[[Cate...

Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:48:44Z

Toresbe:

'''Norsk Data''', frequently abbreviated '''ND''', was a Norwegian computer manufacturer.

See [[Timeline of Norsk Data]]

[[Category:Computer Manufacturers]]

ND

2007-07-17T23:48:14Z

Toresbe: Redirecting to Norsk Data

#REDIRECT [[Norsk Data]]

Timeline of Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:46:20Z

Toresbe: /* 1981 */ Emphasized interesting trivia.

This is a brief working page on my part - it is certainly a work in progress. There should be more pictures, and some more summaries of the products introduced. Also, the later history is - stated mildly - anemic.

==1967==
* In July, Norsk Data-Elektronikk is founded.
* In September, it is made publically traded.

==1968==
* 3 [[NORD-1]] installed
* The NORD-1 is completed, featuring an unusually rich register set, and floating-point arithmetic as standard equipment, possibly the first minicomputer to do so.

==1969==
* A virtual memory system for the NORD-1 is created. Seemingly the first minicomputer to do so. (IIRC, the Burroughs B5000 was the first computer.)
* 11 NORD-1 installed

==1970==
* 17 NORD-1 installed

==1971==
* 28 NORD-1 installed
* Development is started on the [[NORDIC]] system, [[NORDCOM]], and [[NORD-20]].
* New offices are moved in to: 850 square meters in Økern Forretningssenter.

==1972==
* 29 NORD-1 installed, 1 [[NORD-5]]
* [[NORDIC]] completed
* [[BASIC]] compiler developed
* Terminal systems developed
* [[NORD-TSS]] in development
* Development of the [[NORD-10]] started, estimated finished first half of 1973.

==1973==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5 (Computas A.S.)
* 12 NORD-10 installed
* Market demands increase sharply after CERN contract
* Contracts signed in Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, and France.
* 32% of orders from export.
* NORD-TSS completed, a multi-user multi-lingual time-sharing operating system.
* [[NORD-PL]] developed
* ND starts a licensing agreement with the central institute for industrial research to use and further develop the database system [[SIBAS]].
* Contract signed with ASEA-ATOM for three systems for 6 million NOK, each consisting of a configuration of NORD-10/5s. Systems to be used for surveillance and control of nuclear power plants.

==1974==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5
* 46 NORD-10 installed
* [[NORD-12]] and [[NORD-50]] in planning and development.
* [[NORD-42]] is completed, with MOS memory using 4Kb chips. First delivery in the summer.
* The NORDCOM-74 is developed, an updated NORDCOM system.
* Further development of different I/O controllers for the NORD-10, including the NORDCOM graphics system
* Development of administrative software. Software development team is twice the size of the hardware team!
* Development of [[SINTRAN III]] dominates the software division manpower. The first SINTRAN-III systems are installed in late 1974.
* The company moves in to new offices in Lørenvn. 57 in August, using 5800m2. Thought to be sufficient until first quarter 1976.
* A daughter company is considered in Stockholm, Sweden, to be operative 4th quarter 1975.
* First contract with Cern, Lab. II is signed, using the NORD-10.

==1975==
* 4 NORD-1 installed
* 62 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* The NORD-50 is completed, a second-generation 32-bit superminicomputer.
* A solid-state memory system for the NORD-10 is developed.
* Large mass storage system for the NORD-10 developed.
* The typesetting system [[GMS-12]], the ancestor of [[NORTEXT]], is developed for NTB.
* [[NORDFORSK]], a Nordic technical research network, is developed using a NORD-12 core system.
* SIBAS, a Codasyl-based, multi-user on-line database management system, is introduced.

==1976==
* 83 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* Planning of the building on Furuset is almost completed. Building is planned to be approx. 9 800 m2, and planned cost is approx. 42 mill. NOK.

==1977==
* 114 NORD-10/[[NORD-10/S]] installed, 7 NORD-50
* NORD-10/S introduced
* Initial deliveries worth 4.5 million NOK for the first parts of the F-16 airplane simulator. Approximately 18 more simulator systems are expected to be delivered.

==1978==
* Relocation to the new building takes place medio August.
* Contract with Singer Link for the delivery of 6 more simulators.
* [[CERN]] is still an active customer. 120 machines sold this year. There have been suggestions of about 40 more simulators being needed.
* Development of the [[NORD-100]], originally designated the NORD-10/M, and intended as a lower-cost bitsliced version of the NORD-10. Just happened to end up significantly faster. It seems to have been the first single-board 16-bit minicomputer.

==1979==
* With effect from July 3, Norsk Data took over part of the business of the former [[Tandberg Radiofabrikk A/S]]. Tandberg is expected to show a profit by 1980.
* Norsk Data introduces the NORD-100.
* Development of the [[NORD-500]] begins.
* Another large order for [[F-16 simulator]]s is recieved.
* Norsk Data takes over a 16700 m2 industrial building at Skullerud, Oslo. The building is leased to Tandberg.
* [[ND-NOTIS]], an integrated word processing and administrative data processing system, is introduced.

==1980==
* Effective from January 1st, Norsk Data absorbs the four [[Comtec]] companies in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and West Germany from Nobø Fabrikker.
* Tandberg becomes independent of Norsk Data in the autumn of 1980. Profit was well below the anticipations.
* [[ACCESS]], an on-line query system, allowing user-friendly access to a data-base via interactive terminals.

==1981==
* '''The average price of a delivered computer was NOK 750 000, and had on average 512 Kbyte RAM, 110 Mbyte hard disk storage, and 16 terminals.'''
* The [[ND Satellite]] range is introduced.

==1982==
* [[COSMOS]] finishes development. COSMOS was a networking system permitting applications and databases to be shared through a data network.
* [[ND-SAFE]] (backronymed to System Architecture For Expansion) is introduced.
* [[ND-ORBIS]] (Organization Related Business Information System) is introduced.
* The [[ND-100#ND-100/CX|ND-100/CX]] is intorduced.
* The ND-500 is split into three systems: ND-520, ND-560, and ND-570 (?)

==1982==
* The [[ND-500#ND-570|ND-570/CXA]] is introduced.

==2006==
* Tore takes a break.

==2007==
* Tore realizes he STILL hasn't finished this page, and promises to do that any moment now.
[[Category:Timelines]][[Category:Norsk Data articles]][[Category:Norwegian computer history]]

Timeline of Norsk Data

2007-07-17T23:45:32Z

Toresbe:

This is a brief working page on my part - it is certainly a work in progress. There should be more pictures, and some more summaries of the products introduced. Also, the later history is - stated mildly - anemic.

==1967==
* In July, Norsk Data-Elektronikk is founded.
* In September, it is made publically traded.

==1968==
* 3 [[NORD-1]] installed
* The NORD-1 is completed, featuring an unusually rich register set, and floating-point arithmetic as standard equipment, possibly the first minicomputer to do so.

==1969==
* A virtual memory system for the NORD-1 is created. Seemingly the first minicomputer to do so. (IIRC, the Burroughs B5000 was the first computer.)
* 11 NORD-1 installed

==1970==
* 17 NORD-1 installed

==1971==
* 28 NORD-1 installed
* Development is started on the [[NORDIC]] system, [[NORDCOM]], and [[NORD-20]].
* New offices are moved in to: 850 square meters in Økern Forretningssenter.

==1972==
* 29 NORD-1 installed, 1 [[NORD-5]]
* [[NORDIC]] completed
* [[BASIC]] compiler developed
* Terminal systems developed
* [[NORD-TSS]] in development
* Development of the [[NORD-10]] started, estimated finished first half of 1973.

==1973==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5 (Computas A.S.)
* 12 NORD-10 installed
* Market demands increase sharply after CERN contract
* Contracts signed in Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, and France.
* 32% of orders from export.
* NORD-TSS completed, a multi-user multi-lingual time-sharing operating system.
* [[NORD-PL]] developed
* ND starts a licensing agreement with the central institute for industrial research to use and further develop the database system [[SIBAS]].
* Contract signed with ASEA-ATOM for three systems for 6 million NOK, each consisting of a configuration of NORD-10/5s. Systems to be used for surveillance and control of nuclear power plants.

==1974==
* 36 NORD-1 installed, 1 NORD-5
* 46 NORD-10 installed
* [[NORD-12]] and [[NORD-50]] in planning and development.
* [[NORD-42]] is completed, with MOS memory using 4Kb chips. First delivery in the summer.
* The NORDCOM-74 is developed, an updated NORDCOM system.
* Further development of different I/O controllers for the NORD-10, including the NORDCOM graphics system
* Development of administrative software. Software development team is twice the size of the hardware team!
* Development of [[SINTRAN III]] dominates the software division manpower. The first SINTRAN-III systems are installed in late 1974.
* The company moves in to new offices in Lørenvn. 57 in August, using 5800m2. Thought to be sufficient until first quarter 1976.
* A daughter company is considered in Stockholm, Sweden, to be operative 4th quarter 1975.
* First contract with Cern, Lab. II is signed, using the NORD-10.

==1975==
* 4 NORD-1 installed
* 62 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* The NORD-50 is completed, a second-generation 32-bit superminicomputer.
* A solid-state memory system for the NORD-10 is developed.
* Large mass storage system for the NORD-10 developed.
* The typesetting system [[GMS-12]], the ancestor of [[NORTEXT]], is developed for NTB.
* [[NORDFORSK]], a Nordic technical research network, is developed using a NORD-12 core system.
* SIBAS, a Codasyl-based, multi-user on-line database management system, is introduced.

==1976==
* 83 NORD-10 installed, 3 NORD-50
* Planning of the building on Furuset is almost completed. Building is planned to be approx. 9 800 m2, and planned cost is approx. 42 mill. NOK.

==1977==
* 114 NORD-10/[[NORD-10/S]] installed, 7 NORD-50
* NORD-10/S introduced
* Initial deliveries worth 4.5 million NOK for the first parts of the F-16 airplane simulator. Approximately 18 more simulator systems are expected to be delivered.

==1978==
* Relocation to the new building takes place medio August.
* Contract with Singer Link for the delivery of 6 more simulators.
* [[CERN]] is still an active customer. 120 machines sold this year. There have been suggestions of about 40 more simulators being needed.
* Development of the [[NORD-100]], originally designated the NORD-10/M, and intended as a lower-cost bitsliced version of the NORD-10. Just happened to end up significantly faster. It seems to have been the first single-board 16-bit minicomputer.

==1979==
* With effect from July 3, Norsk Data took over part of the business of the former [[Tandberg Radiofabrikk A/S]]. Tandberg is expected to show a profit by 1980.
* Norsk Data introduces the NORD-100.
* Development of the [[NORD-500]] begins.
* Another large order for [[F-16 simulator]]s is recieved.
* Norsk Data takes over a 16700 m2 industrial building at Skullerud, Oslo. The building is leased to Tandberg.
* [[ND-NOTIS]], an integrated word processing and administrative data processing system, is introduced.

==1980==
* Effective from January 1st, Norsk Data absorbs the four [[Comtec]] companies in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and West Germany from Nobø Fabrikker.
* Tandberg becomes independent of Norsk Data in the autumn of 1980. Profit was well below the anticipations.
* [[ACCESS]], an on-line query system, allowing user-friendly access to a data-base via interactive terminals.

==1981==
* The average price of a delivered computer was NOK 750 000, and had on average 512 Kbyte RAM, 110 Mbyte hard disk storage, and 16 terminals.
* The [[ND Satellite]] range is introduced.

==1982==
* [[COSMOS]] finishes development. COSMOS was a networking system permitting applications and databases to be shared through a data network.
* [[ND-SAFE]] (backronymed to System Architecture For Expansion) is introduced.
* [[ND-ORBIS]] (Organization Related Business Information System) is introduced.
* The [[ND-100#ND-100/CX|ND-100/CX]] is intorduced.
* The ND-500 is split into three systems: ND-520, ND-560, and ND-570 (?)

==1982==
* The [[ND-500#ND-570|ND-570/CXA]] is introduced.

==2006==
* Tore takes a break.

==2007==
* Tore realizes he STILL hasn't finished this page, and promises to do that any moment now.
[[Category:Timelines]][[Category:Norsk Data articles]][[Category:Norwegian computer history]]

VAX 9000 series

2007-06-06T06:22:33Z

Toresbe: Stub.

The VAX 9000 was a high-performance [[ECL]]-based [[VAX]].

==Hardware==

The CPU was built out of MCUs, or Multi-Chip Units.

{{Nav VAX}}
[[Category:VAXen]]

Computer History Wiki:TODO List

2007-05-17T21:57:29Z

Toresbe: /* toresbe */

This is a list of things that should be done in the wiki. If someone feels specially interested in or dedicated to a subject, move an item to your individual TODO, and start work on it. (This is so that we know what kind of articles each person is working on). When you've finished, please put them in Finished, with your four-tilde signature in parenthesis.

==Global TODO==

This is the TODO items that applies to everyone.

===High priority===

* Terminal infobox -- i'll do this [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 14:44, 17 May 2007 (PDT) done!: [[Template:Infobox Terminal]]
** Needs output media (hardcopy, scope, ...), interface (RS-232, CL, ...), charset (USASCII, ISO-646-NO, ...)
* VT articles
** Put in cat "[[:Category:Terminals]]", "[[:Category:DEC Terminals]]", and "[[:Category:Video Terminals]]" ..."[[:Category:ANSI X3.64 Terminals]]"?
** [[VT52]], [[VT100]], [[VT05]], [[VT220]], [[VT240]], [[VT320]], [[VT420]], [[VT520]]

===Medium priority===

===Low priority===

==Individual TODOs==

Often, it's useful for us to know what each other is working on. Please write down what kind of articles you're working on, and what you intend to try to get done.

===[[User:toresbe|toresbe]]===

* Finish the work on the [[RK11]] article
* Get the Norsk Data articles into shape
* Finish the damned time line
* Write about the TDV terminals, including escape code lists
* Write more stuff about RSX, particularily DECnet-RSX
* Write about RS-232
* Write about Current Loop

===[[User:FireflyST|FireflyST]]===
* Revamp the Wikipedia-based RSTS/E article
* Link to more RSTS documentation
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 5.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 6.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 7.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 8.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 9.x
* Enter data for Atari 8-bit machines
* Enter data for Atari 16/32 machines
* get some of the really old lesser known DEC peripherals listed

==Finished items==

* Terminal infobox -- done! [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 14:44, 17 May 2007 (PDT) [[Template:Infobox Terminal]]

Computer History Wiki:TODO List

2007-05-17T21:56:08Z

Toresbe:

This is a list of things that should be done in the wiki. If someone feels specially interested in or dedicated to a subject, move an item to your individual TODO, and start work on it. (This is so that we know what kind of articles each person is working on). When you've finished, please put them in Finished, with your four-tilde signature in parenthesis.

==Global TODO==

This is the TODO items that applies to everyone.

===High priority===

* Terminal infobox -- i'll do this [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 14:44, 17 May 2007 (PDT) done!: [[Template:Infobox Terminal]]
** Needs output media (hardcopy, scope, ...), interface (RS-232, CL, ...), charset (USASCII, ISO-646-NO, ...)
* VT articles
** Put in cat "[[:Category:Terminals]]", "[[:Category:DEC Terminals]]", and "[[:Category:Video Terminals]]" ..."[[:Category:ANSI X3.64 Terminals]]"?
** [[VT52]], [[VT100]], [[VT05]], [[VT220]], [[VT240]], [[VT320]], [[VT420]], [[VT520]]

===Medium priority===

===Low priority===

==Individual TODOs==

Often, it's useful for us to know what each other is working on. Please write down what kind of articles you're working on, and what you intend to try to get done.

===[[User:toresbe|toresbe]]===

* Finish the work on the [[RK11]] article
* Get the Norsk Data articles into shape
* Finish the damned time line
* Write about the TDV terminals

===[[User:FireflyST|FireflyST]]===
* Revamp the Wikipedia-based RSTS/E article
* Link to more RSTS documentation
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 5.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 6.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 7.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 8.x
* List a sysgen log for RSTS version 9.x
* Enter data for Atari 8-bit machines
* Enter data for Atari 16/32 machines
* get some of the really old lesser known DEC peripherals listed

==Finished items==

* Terminal infobox -- done! [[User:Lucky|Lucky]] 14:44, 17 May 2007 (PDT) [[Template:Infobox Terminal]]

Computer History Wiki:TODO List

2007-05-17T21:42:57Z

Toresbe: /* Individual TODOs */

Computer History Wiki:TODO List

2007-05-17T21:39:17Z

Toresbe: