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<p>New page: LD(1) UNIX Programmer&#039;s Manual LD(1) == NAME == ld - link editor == SYNOPSIS == ld [ option ] ... file ... == DESCRIPTION == _L_d combines ...</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>LD(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual LD(1)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == NAME ==<br /> ld - link editor<br /> <br /> == SYNOPSIS ==<br /> ld [ option ] ... file ...<br /> <br /> == DESCRIPTION ==<br /> _L_d combines several object programs into one, resolves<br /> external references, and searches libraries. In the sim-<br /> plest case several object _f_i_l_e_s are given, and _l_d combines<br /> them, producing an object module which can be either exe-<br /> cuted or become the input for a further _l_d run. (In the<br /> latter case, the -r option must be given to preserve the<br /> relocation bits.) The output of _l_d is left on a.out. This<br /> file is made executable only if no errors occurred during<br /> the load.<br /> <br /> The argument routines are concatenated in the order speci-<br /> fied. The entry point of the output is the beginning of the<br /> first routine (unless the -e option is specified).<br /> <br /> If any argument is a library, it is searched exactly once at<br /> the point it is encountered in the argument list. Only<br /> those routines defining an unresolved external reference are<br /> loaded. If a routine from a library references another rou-<br /> tine in the library, the referenced routine must appear<br /> after the referencing routine in the library. Thus the<br /> order of programs within libraries is important.<br /> <br /> The symbols `_etext', `_edata' and `_end' (`etext', `edata'<br /> and `end' in C) are reserved, and if referred to, are set to<br /> the first location above the program, the first location<br /> above initialized data, and the first location above all<br /> data respectively. It is erroneous to define these symbols.<br /> <br /> _L_d understands several options. Except for -l, they should<br /> appear before the file names.<br /> <br /> -D Take the next argument as a hexadecimal number and pad<br /> the data segment with zero bytes to the indicated<br /> length.<br /> <br /> -d Force definition of common storage even if the -r flag<br /> is present.<br /> <br /> -e The following argument is taken to be the name of the<br /> entry point of the loaded program; location 0 is the<br /> default.<br /> <br /> -l_x This option is an abbreviation for the library name<br /> `/lib/lib_x.a', where _x is a string. If that does not<br /> exist, _l_d tries `/usr/lib/lib_x.a' A library is searched<br /> when its name is encountered, so the placement of a -l<br /> is significant.<br /> <br /> -N Do not make the text portion read only or sharable.<br /> (Use &quot;magic number&quot; 0407.)<br /> <br /> -n Arrange (by giving the output file a 0410 &quot;magic<br /> number&quot;) that when the output file is executed, the<br /> text portion will be read-only and shared among all<br /> users executing the file. This involves moving the<br /> data areas up to the first possible 512 byte boundary<br /> following the end of the text. This option is the<br /> default under UNIX/32V; the only other choice is -N.<br /> <br /> -o The _n_a_m_e argument after -o is used as the name of the<br /> _l_d output file, instead of a.out.<br /> <br /> -r Generate relocation bits in the output file so that it<br /> can be the subject of another _l_d run. This flag also<br /> prevents final definitions from being given to common<br /> symbols, and suppresses the `undefined symbol' diagnos-<br /> tics.<br /> <br /> -S `Strip' the output by removing all symbols except<br /> locals and globals.<br /> <br /> -s `Strip' the output, that is, remove the symbol table<br /> and relocation bits to save space (but impair the use-<br /> fulness of the debugger). This information can also be<br /> removed by _s_t_r_i_p(1).<br /> <br /> -T The next argument is a hexadecimal number which sets<br /> the text segment origin. The default origin is 0.<br /> <br /> -t (&quot;trace&quot;) Print the name of each file as it is pro-<br /> cessed.<br /> <br /> -u Take the following argument as a symbol and enter it as<br /> undefined in the symbol table. This is useful for<br /> loading wholly from a library, since initially the sym-<br /> bol table is empty and an unresolved reference is<br /> needed to force the loading of the first routine.<br /> <br /> -X Save local symbols except for those whose names begin<br /> with `L'. This option is used by _c_c(1) to discard<br /> internally-generated labels while retaining symbols<br /> local to routines.<br /> <br /> -x Do not preserve local (non-.globl) symbols in the out-<br /> put symbol table; only enter external symbols. This<br /> option saves some space in the output file.<br /> <br /> == FILES ==<br /> /lib/lib*.a libraries<br /> /usr/lib/lib*.a more libraries<br /> a.out output file<br /> <br /> == SEE ALSO ==<br /> [[32v 1m as|as(1)]], [[32v 1m ar|ar(1)]], [[32v 1m cc|cc(1)]]<br /> <br /> == BUGS ==<br /> <br /> [[Category:32v man section 1]]</div>

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