ARM - Revision history

Jnc: +Category, article titles

2024-02-20T05:16:20Z

+Category, article titles

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:16, 20 February 2024
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	==External links==		==External links==

	*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/ ~~Article in The Register, 2012~~]		* [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/ ARM creators Sophie Wilson and Steve Furber]
	*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/27/arm_how_a_surprisingly_small_uk_company_conquered_the_world/ ~~Article in The Register, 2013]~~		* [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/27/arm_how_a_surprisingly_small_uk_company_conquered_the_world/ How STEVE JOBS saved Apple's bacon with an outstretched ARM]
	*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Wilson Wikipedia: Sophie Wilson]
	*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture Wikipedia: ARM ~~architecture~~]

	[[Category: Microprocessors]]		[[Category: Microprocessors]]
			[[Category: Architectures]]

Jnc: Re-class

2023-12-27T17:55:03Z

Re-class

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 27 December 2023
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	[1] According to Chris Shore of ARM Ltd, ARM isn't an acronym anymore: ''"ARM doesn't stand for anything. Officially, it stands for nothing. It used to stand for Advanced RISC Machines, which was the company's first name on its foundation. Prior to that it stood for something else – it stood for the Acorn RISC Machine, because the original architecture was actually designed by another company, called Acorn."''		[1] According to Chris Shore of ARM Ltd, ARM isn't an acronym anymore: ''"ARM doesn't stand for anything. Officially, it stands for nothing. It used to stand for Advanced RISC Machines, which was the company's first name on its foundation. Prior to that it stood for something else – it stood for the Acorn RISC Machine, because the original architecture was actually designed by another company, called Acorn."''

	==~~=References=~~==		{{semi-stub}}

			==External links==

	*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/ Article in The Register, 2012]		*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/ Article in The Register, 2012]
	*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/27/arm_how_a_surprisingly_small_uk_company_conquered_the_world/ Article in The Register, 2013]		*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/27/arm_how_a_surprisingly_small_uk_company_conquered_the_world/ Article in The Register, 2013]
	*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Wilson Wikipedia: Sophie Wilson]		*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Wilson Wikipedia: Sophie Wilson]
	*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture Wikipedia: ARM architecture]		*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture Wikipedia: ARM architecture]
	~~{{stub}}~~
	[[Category:Microprocessors]]		[[Category: Microprocessors]]

Tor: Massaging the text a bit

2015-12-31T16:02:14Z

Massaging the text a bit

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:02, 31 December 2015
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	'''ARM''', Acorn RISC Machine, is a 32-bit CPU ~~originally~~ designed by Sophie Wilson and Steve Furber of Acorn Computers of Cambridge, England. The acronym was later changed to mean "Advanced RISC Machines" after the original Acorn Computers company was no more. '''ARM''' is no longer considered an acronym however.[1]		'''ARM''', Acorn RISC Machine, was a 32-bit CPU designed by Sophie Wilson and Steve Furber of Acorn Computers of Cambridge, England. The acronym was later changed to mean "Advanced RISC Machines" after the original Acorn Computers company was no more. '''ARM''' is no longer considered an acronym however.[1]

	Acorn Computers used the [[MOS Technology 6502\|6502]] 8-bit CPU, e.g. in their [[BBC Micro]], which started to get a bit aged around 1983. Wilson and Furber concluded after some testing that the Nat Semi [[32016]] ~~and~~ the [[Motorola]] [[MC68000\|68000]], and other CPUs they tested were not very efficient in using the memory bandwidth that had become available at the time (they all performed at around 4Mbit/s). To avoid that CPU bottleneck Acorn wanted something better and started looking into CPU design. At first Wilson and Furber visited some traditional microprosessor plants and found large buildings with thousands of engineers. But, because Wilson was a huge fan of the 6502 processor (and has been called "the best 6502 programmer ever" by Personal Computer World's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Kewney Guy Kewney]), they visited [[Western Design Center]] where Bill Mensch (designer of the CMOS version of the 6502, the 65'''C'''02) was busy designing their next generation CPU. Seeing the very small scale of the operation Wilson and Furber thought "we could do that", went home, and designed what would be the 32-bit ARM CPU, now referred to as ARM1. It used 25000 transistors. The first samples were ready in April [[1985]].		Acorn Computers used the [[MOS Technology 6502\|6502]] 8-bit CPU, e.g. in their [[BBC Micro]], which started to get a bit aged around 1983. Wilson and Furber concluded after some testing that the Nat Semi [[32016]], the [[Motorola]] [[MC68000\|68000]], and other CPUs they tested were not very efficient in using the memory bandwidth that had become available at the time (they all performed at around 4Mbit/s). To avoid that CPU bottleneck Acorn wanted something better and started looking into CPU design. At first Wilson and Furber visited some traditional microprosessor plants and found large buildings with thousands of engineers. But, because Wilson was a huge fan of the 6502 processor (and has been called "the best 6502 programmer ever" by Personal Computer World's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Kewney Guy Kewney]), they visited [[Western Design Center]] where Bill Mensch (designer of the CMOS version of the 6502, the 65'''C'''02) was busy designing their next generation CPU. Seeing the very small scale of the operation Wilson and Furber thought "we could do that", went home, and designed what would be the 32-bit ARM CPU, now referred to as ARM1. It used 25000 transistors. The first samples were ready in April [[1985]].

	ARM is most known for its low power consumption, and is the main reason the architecture became so popular with mobile devices where it has about 95% of the market. The designers were not trying to create a CPU with particularly low power consumption, that was not much of a concern back in 1983. When the first sample was plugged into a development board the CPU worked perfectly (quite an achievement for a first version), but Wilson noticed that the meter in series with the power line to the CPU showed zero, so something was wrong.		ARM is most known for its low power consumption, and is the main reason the architecture became so popular with mobile devices where it has about 95% of the market. The designers were not trying to create a CPU with particularly low power consumption, that was not much of a concern back in 1983. When the first sample was plugged into a development board the CPU worked perfectly (quite an achievement for a first version), but Wilson noticed that the meter in series with the power line to the CPU showed zero, so something was wrong.
	It turned out that the development board had a fault, it did not provide power to the CPU itself, only to the logic chips around it. The CPU was running only on leakage from the logic circuits. In the end it turned out that the CPU only needed one tenth of a watt, but this was all accidental to the design even though it was what secured ARMs huge market today, with several billions of CPUs sold every year (in comparision [[Intel]] has been selling around 1 billion CPUs per year lately. ARM CPUs are manufactured and sold by a number of vendors, so the comparision to Intel's production is not entirely fair).		It turned out that the development board had a fault, it did not provide power to the CPU itself, only to the logic chips around it. The CPU was running only on leakage from the logic circuits. In the end it turned out that the CPU only needed one tenth of a watt, but this was all accidental to the design even though it was what secured ARMs huge market today, with several billions of CPUs sold every year (in comparision [[Intel]] has been selling around 1 billion CPUs per year lately. ARM CPUs are manufactured and sold by a number of vendors, so the comparision to Intel's production is not entirely fair).
			The architecture now comes in a lot of incarnations, including 64-bit versions.

	~~Today~~ the ARM design ~~is held by~~ ARM ~~Holdings~~. ~~The~~ company ~~is still located in Cambridge~~, ~~UK. ARM Holdings owns~~ ARM Limited ~~(or just~~ ARM). The ~~architecture now comes in~~ a ~~lot~~ of ~~incarnations~~, ~~including 64-bit versions~~.		The ARM CPU was used as an extension CPU for the BBC Micro "Tube" interface. It was also used in the [[Acorn Archimedes]] personal computer, eventually running [[RISC OS]]. The licensing scheme came into use when [[Apple]] wanted to use the ARM design in its [[Newton]], a precursor to [[Personal Digital Assistant]]s, or PDAs. But Apple did not want to buy the ARM from Acorn, which was a competitor in the market at the time. Apple, Acorn, and [[VLSI Technology]] thus together founded a separate company, ARM Limited. The Newton did not sell particularly well, but then [[Texas Instruments]] licensed the ARM design for use in a GSM chipset for the mobile phone maker [[Nokia]]. This was the first design which combined an application processor and a baseband processor on the same chip. The design was very successful and Nokia had a huge segment of the mobile phone market at the time. The rest is history. (Note: Another [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLSI_Technology source] says it was [[Ericsson]] which, with the help of VLSI, integrated the ARM into a GSM chipset. As Ericsson was a main driver in getting GSM working this also sounds plausible).

	~~The ARM CPU was first used~~ in the ~~[[Acorn Archimedes]] personal computer~~, ~~eventually running [[RISC OS]]. The licensing scheme came into use when [[Apple]] wanted to use~~ the ~~ARM design in its [[Newton]], a precursor~~ to ~~[[Personal Digital Assistant]]~~s, ~~or PDAs. But~~ Apple ~~did not want to buy the ARM from Acorn, which~~ was ~~a competitor in~~ the ~~market at the time~~. ~~Apple, Acorn~~, and ~~VLSI thus together founded a separate company,~~ ARM Limited~~. The Newton did not sell particularly well, but then [[Texas Instruments]] licensed~~ the ARM design ~~for use in a GSM chipset for the mobile phone maker [[Nokia]]. This was the first design which combined an application processor and a baseband processor on the same chip~~. The ~~design was very successful and Nokia had a huge segment of the mobile phone market at the time. The rest~~ is ~~history~~.		When Jobs came back to Apple in the late nineties, one of the first things he did was to sell Apple's ARM Ltd. shares, as Apple was short of cash (and Jobs didn't even like the Newton). VLSI Technology does not exist anymore, and today ARM Limited and the ARM design is held by ARM Holdings. The company is still located in Cambridge, UK.

	[1] According to Chris Shore of ARM Ltd, ARM isn't an acronym anymore: ''"ARM doesn't stand for anything. Officially, it stands for nothing. It used to stand for Advanced RISC Machines, which was the company's first name on its foundation. Prior to that it stood for something else – it stood for the Acorn RISC Machine, because the original architecture was actually designed by another company, called Acorn."''		[1] According to Chris Shore of ARM Ltd, ARM isn't an acronym anymore: ''"ARM doesn't stand for anything. Officially, it stands for nothing. It used to stand for Advanced RISC Machines, which was the company's first name on its foundation. Prior to that it stood for something else – it stood for the Acorn RISC Machine, because the original architecture was actually designed by another company, called Acorn."''

Tor: Some more words

2015-12-30T14:59:19Z

Some more words

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 30 December 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
	ARM, Acorn RISC Machine, is a 32-bit CPU originally designed by Sophie Wilson and Steve Furber of Acorn Computers of Cambridge, England. The acronym ~~has since been~~ changed to mean "Advanced RISC Machines" after the original Acorn Computers company was no more.		'''ARM''', Acorn RISC Machine, is a 32-bit CPU originally designed by Sophie Wilson and Steve Furber of Acorn Computers of Cambridge, England. The acronym was later changed to mean "Advanced RISC Machines" after the original Acorn Computers company was no more. '''ARM''' is no longer considered an acronym however.[1]

	Acorn Computers used the [[MOS Technology 6502\|6502]] 8-bit CPU, e.g. in their [[BBC Micro]], which started to get a bit aged around 1983. Wilson and Furber concluded after some testing that the Nat Semi [[32016]] and the [[Motorola]] [[~~mc68000~~\|68000]], and other CPUs they tested were not very efficient in using the memory bandwidth that had become available at the time (they all performed at around 4Mbit/s). To avoid that CPU bottleneck Acorn wanted something better and started looking into CPU design. At first Wilson and Furber visited some traditional microprosessor plants and found large buildings with thousands of engineers. But, because Wilson was a huge fan of the 6502 processor (and has been called "the best 6502 programmer ever" by Personal Computer World's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Kewney Guy Kewney]), they visited [[Western Design Center]] where Bill Mensch (designer of the CMOS version of the 6502, the 65'''C'''02) was busy designing their next generation CPU. Seeing the very small scale of the operation Wilson and Furber thought "we could do that", went home, and designed what would be the 32-bit ARM CPU, now referred to as ARM1. It used 25000 transistors. The first samples were ready in April [[1985]].		Acorn Computers used the [[MOS Technology 6502\|6502]] 8-bit CPU, e.g. in their [[BBC Micro]], which started to get a bit aged around 1983. Wilson and Furber concluded after some testing that the Nat Semi [[32016]] and the [[Motorola]] [[MC68000\|68000]], and other CPUs they tested were not very efficient in using the memory bandwidth that had become available at the time (they all performed at around 4Mbit/s). To avoid that CPU bottleneck Acorn wanted something better and started looking into CPU design. At first Wilson and Furber visited some traditional microprosessor plants and found large buildings with thousands of engineers. But, because Wilson was a huge fan of the 6502 processor (and has been called "the best 6502 programmer ever" by Personal Computer World's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Kewney Guy Kewney]), they visited [[Western Design Center]] where Bill Mensch (designer of the CMOS version of the 6502, the 65'''C'''02) was busy designing their next generation CPU. Seeing the very small scale of the operation Wilson and Furber thought "we could do that", went home, and designed what would be the 32-bit ARM CPU, now referred to as ARM1. It used 25000 transistors. The first samples were ready in April [[1985]].

	ARM is most known for its low power consumption, and is the main reason the architecture became so popular with mobile devices where it has about 95% of the market. The designers were not trying to create a CPU with particularly low power consumption, that was not much of a concern back in 1983. When the first sample was plugged into a development board the CPU worked perfectly (quite an achievement for a first version), but Wilson noticed that the meter in series with the power line to the CPU showed zero, so something was wrong.		ARM is most known for its low power consumption, and is the main reason the architecture became so popular with mobile devices where it has about 95% of the market. The designers were not trying to create a CPU with particularly low power consumption, that was not much of a concern back in 1983. When the first sample was plugged into a development board the CPU worked perfectly (quite an achievement for a first version), but Wilson noticed that the meter in series with the power line to the CPU showed zero, so something was wrong.
	It turned out that the development board had a fault, it did not provide power to the CPU itself, only to the logic chips around it. The CPU was running only on leakage from the logic circuits. In the end it turned out that the CPU only needed one tenth of a watt, but this was all accidental to the design even though it was what secured ARMs huge market today, with several billions of CPUs sold every year (in comparision [[Intel]] has been selling around 1 billion CPUs per year lately).		It turned out that the development board had a fault, it did not provide power to the CPU itself, only to the logic chips around it. The CPU was running only on leakage from the logic circuits. In the end it turned out that the CPU only needed one tenth of a watt, but this was all accidental to the design even though it was what secured ARMs huge market today, with several billions of CPUs sold every year (in comparision [[Intel]] has been selling around 1 billion CPUs per year lately. ARM CPUs are manufactured and sold by a number of vendors, so the comparision to Intel's production is not entirely fair).

	Today the ARM design is held by ARM Holdings ~~(often called just ARM)~~. The company is still located in Cambridge, UK. The architecture now comes in a lot of incarnations, including 64-bit versions.		Today the ARM design is held by ARM Holdings. The company is still located in Cambridge, UK. ARM Holdings owns ARM Limited (or just ARM). The architecture now comes in a lot of incarnations, including 64-bit versions.

			The ARM CPU was first used in the [[Acorn Archimedes]] personal computer, eventually running [[RISC OS]]. The licensing scheme came into use when [[Apple]] wanted to use the ARM design in its [[Newton]], a precursor to [[Personal Digital Assistant]]s, or PDAs. But Apple did not want to buy the ARM from Acorn, which was a competitor in the market at the time. Apple, Acorn, and VLSI thus together founded a separate company, ARM Limited. The Newton did not sell particularly well, but then [[Texas Instruments]] licensed the ARM design for use in a GSM chipset for the mobile phone maker [[Nokia]]. This was the first design which combined an application processor and a baseband processor on the same chip. The design was very successful and Nokia had a huge segment of the mobile phone market at the time. The rest is history.

			[1] According to Chris Shore of ARM Ltd, ARM isn't an acronym anymore: ''"ARM doesn't stand for anything. Officially, it stands for nothing. It used to stand for Advanced RISC Machines, which was the company's first name on its foundation. Prior to that it stood for something else – it stood for the Acorn RISC Machine, because the original architecture was actually designed by another company, called Acorn."''

	===References===		===References===
	*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/ Article in The Register, 2012]		*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/ Article in The Register, 2012]
			*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/27/arm_how_a_surprisingly_small_uk_company_conquered_the_world/ Article in The Register, 2013]
	*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Wilson Wikipedia: Sophie Wilson]		*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Wilson Wikipedia: Sophie Wilson]
	*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture Wikipedia: ARM architecture]		*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture Wikipedia: ARM architecture]
	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
	[[Category:Microprocessors]]		[[Category:Microprocessors]]

Tor: Adding an initial ARM page

2015-12-30T14:11:56Z

Adding an initial ARM page

New page

ARM, Acorn RISC Machine, is a 32-bit CPU originally designed by Sophie Wilson and Steve Furber of Acorn Computers of Cambridge, England. The acronym has since been changed to mean "Advanced RISC Machines" after the original Acorn Computers company was no more.

Acorn Computers used the [[MOS Technology 6502|6502]] 8-bit CPU, e.g. in their [[BBC Micro]], which started to get a bit aged around 1983. Wilson and Furber concluded after some testing that the Nat Semi [[32016]] and the [[Motorola]] [[mc68000|68000]], and other CPUs they tested were not very efficient in using the memory bandwidth that had become available at the time (they all performed at around 4Mbit/s). To avoid that CPU bottleneck Acorn wanted something better and started looking into CPU design. At first Wilson and Furber visited some traditional microprosessor plants and found large buildings with thousands of engineers. But, because Wilson was a huge fan of the 6502 processor (and has been called "the best 6502 programmer ever" by Personal Computer World's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Kewney Guy Kewney]), they visited [[Western Design Center]] where Bill Mensch (designer of the CMOS version of the 6502, the 65'''C'''02) was busy designing their next generation CPU. Seeing the very small scale of the operation Wilson and Furber thought "we could do that", went home, and designed what would be the 32-bit ARM CPU, now referred to as ARM1. It used 25000 transistors. The first samples were ready in April [[1985]].

ARM is most known for its low power consumption, and is the main reason the architecture became so popular with mobile devices where it has about 95% of the market. The designers were not trying to create a CPU with particularly low power consumption, that was not much of a concern back in 1983. When the first sample was plugged into a development board the CPU worked perfectly (quite an achievement for a first version), but Wilson noticed that the meter in series with the power line to the CPU showed zero, so something was wrong.
It turned out that the development board had a fault, it did not provide power to the CPU itself, only to the logic chips around it. The CPU was running only on leakage from the logic circuits. In the end it turned out that the CPU only needed one tenth of a watt, but this was all accidental to the design even though it was what secured ARMs huge market today, with several billions of CPUs sold every year (in comparision [[Intel]] has been selling around 1 billion CPUs per year lately).

Today the ARM design is held by ARM Holdings (often called just ARM). The company is still located in Cambridge, UK. The architecture now comes in a lot of incarnations, including 64-bit versions.

===References===
*[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/03/unsung_heroes_of_tech_arm_creators_sophie_wilson_and_steve_furber/ Article in The Register, 2012]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Wilson Wikipedia: Sophie Wilson]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture Wikipedia: ARM architecture]
{{stub}}
[[Category:Microprocessors]]