Atanasoff-Berry Computer - Revision history

Jnc: Link patent trial

2025-06-05T10:17:50Z

Link patent trial

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:17, 5 June 2025
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	It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of his student [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; that was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine began.		It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of his student [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; that was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine began.

	It is notable principally as ''a'' direct inspiration for the later [[ENIAC]], the first-ever ''general-purpose'' electronic computing device (although the ENIAC was [[decimal]] internally, not binary, and [[serial]], not parallel). [[John Mauchly]], one of the two people most responsible for the ENIAC, spent several days studying the ABC in detail, in person, in June, 1941, about a year before he started on the ENIAC (in about August, 1942). This fact later led to the [[Atanasoff-Mauchly controversy]], and the overturning of the over-broad patent on the ENIAC, in a celebrated trial in 1973.		It is notable principally as ''a'' direct inspiration for the later [[ENIAC]], the first-ever ''general-purpose'' electronic computing device (although the ENIAC was [[decimal]] internally, not binary, and [[serial]], not parallel). [[John Mauchly]], one of the two people most responsible for the ENIAC, spent several days studying the ABC in detail, in person, in June, 1941, about a year before he started on the ENIAC (in about August, 1942). This fact later led to the [[Atanasoff-Mauchly controversy]], and the overturning of the over-broad patent on the ENIAC, in a [[Sperry Rand\|celebrated trial]] in 1973.

	It is also significant for being the first digital electronic computing device to use [[capacitor]]-based [[memory]] using [[memory refresh\|refresh]] - an approach to memory now ubiquitous in the [[dynamic RAM]] of all modern computers. This capacitor-based system was effectively the ABC's [[main memory]].		It is also significant for being the first digital electronic computing device to use [[capacitor]]-based [[memory]] using [[memory refresh\|refresh]] - an approach to memory now ubiquitous in the [[dynamic RAM]] of all modern computers. This capacitor-based system was effectively the ABC's [[main memory]].

Jnc: /* External links */ +Computing Machine for the Solution of Large Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations

2025-06-03T12:39:16Z

External links: +Computing Machine for the Solution of Large Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 3 June 2025
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	==External links==		==External links==

	* [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/img/ABC%20%20manual.pdf manual ~~for the ABC~~]		* John V. Atanasoff, [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/img/Computing%20machine.pdf ''Computing Machine for the Solution of Large Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations'']
			* Clifford Berry, [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/img/ABC%20%20manual.pdf ABC manual]
	* [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/operation.php Atanasoff Berry Computer - Operation/Purpose]		* [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/operation.php Atanasoff Berry Computer - Operation/Purpose]
	** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/team.php ABC Reconstruction, 1994-1997]		** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/team.php ABC Reconstruction, 1994-1997]

Jnc: /* Further reading */ link AHC

2024-12-06T01:39:27Z

Jnc: /* External links */ Link online 'Computing Before Computers'

2024-09-13T13:08:31Z

External links: Link online 'Computing Before Computers'

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 13 September 2024
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	** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]		** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]
	* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners.html ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945''], Greenwood, Westport, 1983		* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners.html ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945''], Greenwood, Westport, 1983
	* Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-07.pdf ''Chapter Seven: Electronic Calculators''], in William Aspray (editor), ''Computing Before Computers'', Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1990		* Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-07.pdf ''Chapter Seven: Electronic Calculators''], in William Aspray (editor), [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC.html ''Computing Before Computers''], Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1990
	* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]		* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]
	* [https://augustana.net/users/arwalters/jva/html/story3.htm Construction of the first electronic digital computer]		* [https://augustana.net/users/arwalters/jva/html/story3.htm Construction of the first electronic digital computer]

Jnc: /* External links */ Link online 'Reckoners'

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External links: Link online 'Reckoners'

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 13 September 2024
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	** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/team.php ABC Reconstruction, 1994-1997]		** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/team.php ABC Reconstruction, 1994-1997]
	** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]		** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]
	* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945'', Greenwood, Westport, 1983		* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners.html ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945''], Greenwood, Westport, 1983
	* Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-07.pdf ''Chapter Seven: Electronic Calculators''], in William Aspray (editor), ''Computing Before Computers'', Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1990		* Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-07.pdf ''Chapter Seven: Electronic Calculators''], in William Aspray (editor), ''Computing Before Computers'', Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1990
	* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]		* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]

Jnc: Clarify

2024-09-03T10:42:14Z

Clarify

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:42, 3 September 2024
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	The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first']"; not many adjectives are needed for this claim for the ABC!) It was not general-purpose, though; it was intended only to solve large systems of simultaneous, linear equations		The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first']"; not many adjectives are needed for this claim for the ABC!) It was not general-purpose, though; it was intended only to solve large systems of simultaneous, linear equations

	Like [[Charles Babbage]]'s Engines, it was [[digital]] (~~also~~ unlike the [[differential analyzer]]s, which were the principal computing devices produced and used before the ABC). Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total		Like [[Charles Babbage]]'s Engines, it was [[digital]] (unlike the [[differential analyzer]]s, which were the principal computing devices produced and used before the ABC). Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total

	It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of his student [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; that was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine began.		It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of his student [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; that was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine began.

Jnc: Wrong word

2024-09-01T17:02:16Z

Wrong word

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 1 September 2024
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	The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first']"; not many adjectives are needed for this claim for the ABC!) It was not general-purpose, though; it was intended only to solve large systems of ~~parallel~~, linear equations		The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first']"; not many adjectives are needed for this claim for the ABC!) It was not general-purpose, though; it was intended only to solve large systems of simultaneous, linear equations

	Like [[Charles Babbage]]'s Engines, it was [[digital]] (also unlike the [[differential analyzer]]s, which were the principal computing devices produced and used before the ABC). Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total		Like [[Charles Babbage]]'s Engines, it was [[digital]] (also unlike the [[differential analyzer]]s, which were the principal computing devices produced and used before the ABC). Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total

Jnc: Emphasize that it was a digital device

2024-09-01T08:45:45Z

Emphasize that it was a digital device

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:45, 1 September 2024
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	The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first']"; not many adjectives are needed for the ABC!) ~~Internally~~, ~~it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] [[digital]] device~~; ~~in physical instantiation,~~ it was ~~built out~~ of ~~[[vacuum tube]]s~~, ~~about 300 tubes in total~~		The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first']"; not many adjectives are needed for this claim for the ABC!) It was not general-purpose, though; it was intended only to solve large systems of parallel, linear equations

	It was ~~designed and built by~~ [[~~John Vincent Atanasoff~~]]~~, with~~ the ~~assistance of~~ [[~~Clifford Berry~~]] ~~(hence~~ the ~~name~~). ~~Construction of~~ a ~~working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began~~ in ~~the fall quarter of 1939;~~ it was ~~working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine, designed to solve large systems~~ of ~~linear equations~~, ~~began.~~		Like [[Charles Babbage]]'s Engines, it was [[digital]] (also unlike the [[differential analyzer]]s, which were the principal computing devices produced and used before the ABC). Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total

	It ~~is notable principally as ''a'' direct inspiration for the later~~ [[~~ENIAC~~]], the ~~first-ever ''general-purpose'' electronic computing device (although the ENIAC was~~ [[~~decimal~~]] ~~internally, not binary~~). ~~[[John Mauchly]], one~~ of ~~the two people most responsible for the ENIAC, spent several days studying the ABC in detail, in person, in June, 1941, about~~ a ~~year before he started on~~ the ~~ENIAC (~~in ~~about August, 1942). This fact later led to~~ the ~~overturning~~ of ~~the over-broad patent~~ on the ~~ENIAC, in a celebrated trial in 1973~~.		It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of his student [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; that was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine began.

	It is ~~also significant~~ for ~~being~~ the first ~~digital~~ electronic computing device ~~to use~~ [[~~capacitor~~]]~~-based~~ [[~~memory~~]] ~~using~~ [[~~memory refresh\|refresh~~]] ~~- an approach~~ to ~~memory now ubiquitous in~~ the [[~~Dynamic RAM~~]] of ~~all modern computers. This capacitor~~-~~based system was effectively~~ the ~~ABC's [[main memory]]~~.		It is notable principally as ''a'' direct inspiration for the later [[ENIAC]], the first-ever ''general-purpose'' electronic computing device (although the ENIAC was [[decimal]] internally, not binary, and [[serial]], not parallel). [[John Mauchly]], one of the two people most responsible for the ENIAC, spent several days studying the ABC in detail, in person, in June, 1941, about a year before he started on the ENIAC (in about August, 1942). This fact later led to the [[Atanasoff-Mauchly controversy]], and the overturning of the over-broad patent on the ENIAC, in a celebrated trial in 1973.

	Although it was built, did operate, and solved some small problems, it never operated at full scale, for several reasons: principally because its [[secondary storage]] system (which used [[punched card]]s, with holes ~~made~~ with electric arcs), used for holding intermediate results, was not yet reliable when WWII drew its creators away from Iowa State College, where it was built.		It is also significant for being the first digital electronic computing device to use [[capacitor]]-based [[memory]] using [[memory refresh\|refresh]] - an approach to memory now ubiquitous in the [[dynamic RAM]] of all modern computers. This capacitor-based system was effectively the ABC's [[main memory]].

			Although it was built, did operate, and solved some small problems, it never operated at full scale, for several reasons: principally because its [[secondary storage]] system (which used [[punched card]]s, with holes produced with electric arcs), used for holding intermediate results, was not yet reliable when WWII drew its creators away from Iowa State College, where it was built.

	{{semi-stub}}		{{semi-stub}}

Jnc: Not many adjectives are needed for the ABC!

2024-08-31T21:50:10Z

Not many adjectives are needed for the ABC!

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:50, 31 August 2024
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	The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first'].") Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] [[digital]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total		The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first']"; not many adjectives are needed for the ABC!) Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] [[digital]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total

	It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; it was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine, designed to solve large systems of linear equations, began.		It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; it was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine, designed to solve large systems of linear equations, began.
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	* Alice Rowe Burks, Arthur W. Burks, ''The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story'', University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1988		* Alice Rowe Burks, Arthur W. Burks, ''The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story'', University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1988
	* Clark R. Mollenhoff, ''Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer'', Iowa State Press, Ames, 1988		* Clark R. Mollenhoff, ''Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer'', Iowa State Press, Ames, 1988
	* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945'', Greenwood, Westport, 1983
	* Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-07.pdf ''Chapter Seven: Electronic Calculators''], in William Aspray (editor), ''Computing Before Computers'', Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1990

	==External links==		==External links==
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	** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/team.php ABC Reconstruction, 1994-1997]		** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/team.php ABC Reconstruction, 1994-1997]
	** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]		** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]
			* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945'', Greenwood, Westport, 1983
			* Paul E. Ceruzzi, [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-07.pdf ''Chapter Seven: Electronic Calculators''], in William Aspray (editor), ''Computing Before Computers'', Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1990
	* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]		* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]
	* [https://augustana.net/users/arwalters/jva/html/story3.htm Construction of the first electronic digital computer]		* [https://augustana.net/users/arwalters/jva/html/story3.htm Construction of the first electronic digital computer]

Jnc: Built by Atanasoff and Berry

2024-08-11T14:01:49Z

Built by Atanasoff and Berry

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:01, 11 August 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] [[digital]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total.		The '''Atanasoff-Berry Computer''' (as it is now known; or the '''ABC''' for short) was the first-ever [[electronic]] [[computing device]]. (As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first'].") Internally, it was a [[parallel]] [[binary]] [[digital]] device; in physical instantiation, it was built out of [[vacuum tube]]s, about 300 tubes in total

	It is notable principally as ''a'' direct inspiration for the later [[ENIAC]], the first-ever ''general-purpose'' electronic computing device (although the ENIAC was decimal internally, not binary). ~~(As Michael Williams observed, "If you add enough adjectives to a description you can always claim [a particular machine to be the 'first'].") Professor~~ [[John Mauchly]], one of the two people most responsible for the ENIAC, spent several days studying the ABC in detail, in person, in June, 1941, about a year before he started on the ENIAC in about August, 1942. This fact later led to the overturning of the over-broad patent on the ENIAC, in a celebrated trial in 1973.		It was designed and built by [[John Vincent Atanasoff]], with the assistance of [[Clifford Berry]] (hence the name). Construction of a working prototype (to explore and demonstrate the basic approach) began in the fall quarter of 1939; it was working by December. Soon thereafter, work on the full machine, designed to solve large systems of linear equations, began.

			It is notable principally as ''a'' direct inspiration for the later [[ENIAC]], the first-ever ''general-purpose'' electronic computing device (although the ENIAC was [[decimal]] internally, not binary). [[John Mauchly]], one of the two people most responsible for the ENIAC, spent several days studying the ABC in detail, in person, in June, 1941, about a year before he started on the ENIAC (in about August, 1942). This fact later led to the overturning of the over-broad patent on the ENIAC, in a celebrated trial in 1973.

	It is also significant for being the first digital electronic computing device to use [[capacitor]]-based [[memory]] using [[memory refresh\|refresh]] - an approach to memory now ubiquitous in the [[Dynamic RAM]] of all modern computers. This capacitor-based system was effectively the ABC's [[main memory]].		It is also significant for being the first digital electronic computing device to use [[capacitor]]-based [[memory]] using [[memory refresh\|refresh]] - an approach to memory now ubiquitous in the [[Dynamic RAM]] of all modern computers. This capacitor-based system was effectively the ABC's [[main memory]].

	~~The ABC was designed to solve large systems of linear equations.~~ Although it was built, did operate, and solved some small problems, it never operated at full scale, for several reasons: its [[secondary storage]] system, used for holding intermediate results, was not yet reliable when WWII drew its creators away from Iowa State College, where it was built.		Although it was built, did operate, and solved some small problems, it never operated at full scale, for several reasons: principally because its [[secondary storage]] system (which used [[punched card]]s, with holes made with electric arcs), used for holding intermediate results, was not yet reliable when WWII drew its creators away from Iowa State College, where it was built.

	{{semi-stub}}		{{semi-stub}}
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	* R. K. Richard, ''Electronic Digital Systems'', John Wiley, New York, 1966 - the work which initially brought the ABC to the world's attention		* R. K. Richard, ''Electronic Digital Systems'', John Wiley, New York, 1966 - the work which initially brought the ABC to the world's attention
	* Alice Rowe Burks, Arthur W. Burks, ''The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story'', University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1988		* Alice Rowe Burks, Arthur W. Burks, ''The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story'', University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1988
	* Alice Rowe Burks, ''Who Invented the Computer? The Legal Battle That Changed History'', Prometheus, Amherst, 2003
	* Clark R. Mollenhoff, ''Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer'', Iowa State Press, Ames, 1988		* Clark R. Mollenhoff, ''Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer'', Iowa State Press, Ames, 1988
	* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945'', Greenwood, Westport, 1983		* [https://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-5.html ''Chapter 5: Faster, Faster: The ENIAC''], in Paul E. Ceruzzi, ''Reckoners: The Prehistory of The Digital Computer, From Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945'', Greenwood, Westport, 1983
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	** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]		** [https://jva.cs.iastate.edu/ABC_replica_AtanasoffToday.pdf Documenting the ABC Replica Project and its Contributors]
	* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]		* [http://www.johngustafson.net/pubs/pub57/ABCPaper.htm Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer]
			* [https://augustana.net/users/arwalters/jva/html/story3.htm Construction of the first electronic digital computer]
	* [https://ed-thelen.org/ABC/ABC-ComputerNotes.html The Atanasoff-Berry-Computer - Notes]		* [https://ed-thelen.org/ABC/ABC-ComputerNotes.html The Atanasoff-Berry-Computer - Notes]

	[[Category: Early Computing Devices]]		[[Category: Early Computing Devices]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:39, 6 December 2024
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	* John V. Atanasoff, ''Computing Machine for the Solution of large Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations'', re-printed in Brian Randell (editor), ''The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1973, 1982 (3rd edition)		* John V. Atanasoff, ''Computing Machine for the Solution of large Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations'', re-printed in Brian Randell (editor), ''The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1973, 1982 (3rd edition)
	* John V. Atanasoff, ''Advent of Electronic Digital Computing'', Annals of the History of Computing, ~~Volume~~ 6, ~~Number~~ 3, July 1984		* John V. Atanasoff, ''Advent of Electronic Digital Computing'', [[Annals of the History of Computing]], Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1984
	* R. K. Richard, ''Electronic Digital Systems'', John Wiley, New York, 1966 - the work which initially brought the ABC to the world's attention		* R. K. Richard, ''Electronic Digital Systems'', John Wiley, New York, 1966 - the work which initially brought the ABC to the world's attention
	* Alice Rowe Burks, Arthur W. Burks, ''The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story'', University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1988		* Alice Rowe Burks, Arthur W. Burks, ''The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story'', University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1988