Intel 4004 - Revision history

Jnc: Grammar, punc

2023-07-14T14:01:31Z

Grammar, punc

Jnc: Re-factor; discuss width

2023-07-12T20:13:20Z

Re-factor; discuss width

Jnc: /* External links */ +more docs

2023-07-12T00:10:09Z

‎External links: +more docs

Jnc: /* External links */ +data sheet; correct cat (see Talk:)

2023-07-11T17:57:46Z

‎External links: +data sheet; correct cat (see Talk:)

Larsbrinkhoff: 4-bit cat.

2023-07-11T16:41:57Z

4-bit cat.

Jnc: /* External links */ +CHM oral history

2023-06-01T20:30:54Z

‎External links: +CHM oral history

ForOldHack: /* References */ Updated refrence links to work. (Byte, Intel4004)

2022-01-06T10:24:46Z

‎References: Updated refrence links to work. (Byte, Intel4004)

ForOldHack: /* References */ Replaced dead link with Archive of page (Intel4004.com)

2022-01-06T10:02:17Z

‎References: Replaced dead link with Archive of page (Intel4004.com)

Jnc: 8008 first

2020-05-24T18:59:35Z

8008 first

Jnc: Proper cat, +links

2018-11-03T02:21:15Z

Proper cat, +links

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 The 4004 came in a 16-pin [[Dual Inline Package|DIP]]<sup>[1]</sup> [[integrated circuit|chip]], and had limitations when compared to later microprocessors. It could only [[execute]] code out of [[Read-only memory|ROM]], [[Random Access Memory|RAM]] was only used for storing data, and this complicated the life of the [[programmer]] somewhat.
-It seems to have limited support for off-chip RAM; the 16 4-bit-wide internal [[register]]s seem to be the primary locations for writing data; there is no 'store' [[instruction]]. But the SRC instruction seems to send an [[address]] out, for later used by the Wxx instructions. And the CM-RAM[0123] lines from the [[Central Processing Unit|processor]] chip are used to control "4002 RAM chips".
+It seems to have limited support for off-chip RAM. The 16 4-bit-wide internal [[register]]s seem to be the primary locations for writing data; there is no 'store' [[instruction]]. But the SRC instruction seems to send an [[address]] out, for later used by the Wxx instructions. (Also, the CM-RAM[0123] lines from the [[Central Processing Unit|processor]] chip are used to control "4002 RAM chips".)
 Data and address information were multiplexed on a 4-bit [[bus]]. The need to multiplex the bus was part of the constraints caused by using a 16-pin DIP (40-pin DIPs were already in use by competitors at the time), enforced by Intel's management. Multiplexing reduced the instruction execution speed that could have been achieved, for example. The chip also needed a lot of support [[logic]].
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 * The processor (the 4004)
-* 2048-bit ROM with a 4-bit programmable I/O port (the 4001)
+* 2048-bit ROM, with a 4-bit programmable I/O port (the 4001)
-* 320-bit RAM arranged in 4 'registers' containing 20 locations of 4-bit 'characters', with a 4-bit output port (the 4002)
+* 320-bit RAM arranged in 4 'registers' containing 20 locations of 4-bit 'characters'; also a 4-bit output port (the 4002)
 * A shift register type memory with serial input and parallel output (the 4003)
-<small>[1] Note: The BYTE article incorrectly states that the chip came in an ''18''-pin DIP.</small>
+<small>[1] Note: The BYTE article incorrectly stated that the chip came in an ''18''-pin DIP.</small>
 ===Width===
-The 4004 is often considered a '4-bit' chip, but the discussion is complicated; made even more confusing that there is no universally accepted standard for what sets a machine's 'width'; and indeed, for most suggested benchmarks, one can find a machine which violates it:
+The 4004 is often considered a '4-bit' chip, but the discussion is complicated; made even more confusing because there is no universally accepted standard for what sets a machine's 'width'. Indeed, for most suggested benchmarks, one can find a machine which violates it:
 * [[address space]] ([[KA10]]; 18 bits - 36 bit machine)
 * instruction size ([[Motorola M68000 family]]; 16 bits - 32 bit machine)
-* [[bus]] width ([[Motorola MC68000]]; 16 bits - 32 bit machine)
+* bus width ([[Motorola MC68000]]; 16 bits - 32 bit machine)
 * [[arithmetic logic unit|ALU]] width ([[LSI-11]]; 8 bits - 16 bit machine)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:i4004.jpg|150px|thumb|right|i4004]]
+[[Image:i4004.jpg|150px|thumb|right|i4004, in later plastic packaging]]
-The '''Intel 4004''' [[microprocessor]] resulted when the Japanese company [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busicom Busicom] contracted [[Intel]] in 1969 to create a [[integrated circuit|chip]] set for a [[printer]]-calculator.
+The '''Intel 4004''' [[microprocessor]] was the first commercially available microprocessor (although not [[Intel]]'s first microprocessor design; work had started on what became the [[Intel 8008]] first). It was designed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Faggin Federico Faggin], who in 1974 left Intel and started [[Zilog]]. (Interestingly, Fagin 'signed' his work; the chip contains an "F.F." in one corner.)
-Busicom eventually permitted Intel to use the chipset design for non-calculator applications (the year this happened was 1971, according to sources). The [[Central Processing Unit|processor]] chip was called the 4004 and sold for $200. This was the first commercially available microprocessor (although not Intel's first microprocessor design; work had started on what became the [[Intel 8008]] first).. It was designed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Faggin Federico Faggin], who in 1974 left Intel and started [[Zilog]].
+==Details==
-The 4004 (see picture) came in a 16-pin [[Dual Inline Package|DIP]][1] and had some limitations when compared to later microprocessors. It could only [[execute]] code out of erasable [[Read-only memory|ROM]], [[Random Access Memory|RAM]] was only used for storing data, and this complicated the life of the [[programmer]] somewhat. The chip also needed a lot of support [[logic]].
+The 4004 came in a 16-pin [[Dual Inline Package|DIP]]<sup>[1]</sup> [[integrated circuit|chip]], and had limitations when compared to later microprocessors. It could only [[execute]] code out of [[Read-only memory|ROM]], [[Random Access Memory|RAM]] was only used for storing data, and this complicated the life of the [[programmer]] somewhat.
-Data and [[address]] information were multiplexed on a 4-bit [[bus]]. The need to multiplex the buses was part of the constraints caused by using a 16-pin DIP (40-pin DIPs were already in use by competitors at the time), enforced by Intel's management. Multiplexing reduced the [[instruction]] execution speed that could have been achieved, for example.
+It seems to have limited support for off-chip RAM; the 16 4-bit-wide internal [[register]]s seem to be the primary locations for writing data; there is no 'store' [[instruction]]. But the SRC instruction seems to send an [[address]] out, for later used by the Wxx instructions. And the CM-RAM[0123] lines from the [[Central Processing Unit|processor]] chip are used to control "4002 RAM chips".
 * The processor (the 4004)
-* 2048-bit ROM (read only memory) with a 4-bit programmable I/O port (the 4001)
+* 2048-bit ROM with a 4-bit programmable I/O port (the 4001)
-* 4-registers x 20 locations x 4-bit RAM (programmable memory) with a 4-bit output port (the 4002)
+* 320-bit RAM arranged in 4 'registers' containing 20 locations of 4-bit 'characters', with a 4-bit output port (the 4002)
 * A shift register type memory with serial input and parallel output (the 4003)
 <small>[1] Note: The BYTE article incorrectly states that the chip came in an ''18''-pin DIP.</small>
 ==External links==
@@ Line 30: / Line 64: @@
 [[Category: Intel Microprocessors]]
 [[Category: 8-bit Computers]]

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ==External links==
 * [http://datasheets.chipdb.org/Intel/MCS-4/datashts/intel-4004.pdf 4004 Single Chip 4-Bit P-Channel Microprocessor] - data sheet with detailed specifications
 * [http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Oral_History/Intel_4004_2/102658187.05.01.acc.pdf Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Intel 4004 Microprocessor]
 * [http://www.intel4004.com/ The Intel 4004 Microprocessor and the Silicon Gate Technology]
 * [http://www.righto.com/2015/05/the-texas-instruments-tmx-1795-first.html The Texas Instruments TMX 1795: the (almost) first, forgotten microprocessor] - Ken Shirriff's article about the first microprocessors, covers the 4004 also
 * [https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1978-07/page/n65/mode/2up|BYTE Volume 3, number 7, July 1978, "The First Ten Years of Amateur Computing"]

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 ==External links==
 * [http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Oral_History/Intel_4004_2/102658187.05.01.acc.pdf Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Intel 4004 Microprocessor]
 * [http://www.intel4004.com/ The Intel 4004 Microprocessor and the Silicon Gate Technology]
@@ Line 25: / Line 26: @@
 [[Category: Intel Microprocessors]]
-[[Category: 4-bit Computers]]
+[[Category: 8-bit Computers]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 11 July 2023
Line 25:		Line 25:

	[[Category: Intel Microprocessors]]		[[Category: Intel Microprocessors]]
		+	[[Category: 4-bit Computers]]

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 ==References==
-* BYTE Volume 3, number 7, July 1978, "The First Ten Years of Amateur Computing"<br>
+* [https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1978-07/page/n65/mode/2up|BYTE Volume 3, number 7, July 1978, "The First Ten Years of Amateur Computing"]
-* [http://www.intel4004.com http://web.archive.org/web/20211225184908/http://www.intel4004.com/]
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20211225184908/http://www.intel4004.com/ http://www.intel4004.com/]
 ----
-<small>[1]Note that the BYTE article incorrectly states that the chip came in an ''18''-pin DIP.</small>
 [[Category: Intel Microprocessors]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 The '''Intel 4004''' [[microprocessor]] resulted when the Japanese company [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busicom Busicom] contracted [[Intel]] in 1969 to create a [[integrated circuit|chip]] set for a [[printer]]-calculator.
-Busicom permitted Intel to use the chipset design for non-calculator applications (the year this happened was 1971, according to sources). The [[Central Processing Unit|processor]] chip was called the 4004 and sold for $200. This was the first commercially available microprocessor. It was designed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Faggin Federico Faggin], who in 1974 left Intel and started [[Zilog]].
+Busicom eventually permitted Intel to use the chipset design for non-calculator applications (the year this happened was 1971, according to sources). The [[Central Processing Unit|processor]] chip was called the 4004 and sold for $200. This was the first commercially available microprocessor (although not Intel's first microprocessor design; work had started on what became the [[Intel 8008]] first).. It was designed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Faggin Federico Faggin], who in 1974 left Intel and started [[Zilog]].
-The 4004 (see picture) came in a 16-pin [[Dual Inline Package|DIP]][1] and had some limitations when compared to later microprocessors. It could only execute code out of erasable [[Read-only memory|ROM]], [[Random Access Memory|RAM]] was only used for storing data, and this complicated the life of the [[programmer]] somewhat. The chip also needed a lot of support [[logic]].
+The 4004 (see picture) came in a 16-pin [[Dual Inline Package|DIP]][1] and had some limitations when compared to later microprocessors. It could only [[execute]] code out of erasable [[Read-only memory|ROM]], [[Random Access Memory|RAM]] was only used for storing data, and this complicated the life of the [[programmer]] somewhat. The chip also needed a lot of support [[logic]].
-Data and address information were multiplexed on a 4-bit [[bus]]. The need to multiplex the buses was part of the constraints caused by using a 16-pin DIP (40-pin DIPs were already in use by competitors at the time), enforced by Intel's management. Multiplexing reduced the [[instruction]] [[execute|execution]] speed that could have been achieved, for example.
+Data and [[address]] information were multiplexed on a 4-bit [[bus]]. The need to multiplex the buses was part of the constraints caused by using a 16-pin DIP (40-pin DIPs were already in use by competitors at the time), enforced by Intel's management. Multiplexing reduced the [[instruction]] execution speed that could have been achieved, for example.
 The 4004 was only the processor part of the chip set produced for Busicom. The original setup was known as 'The 4000 Family', aka 'Busicom Chip Set', aka 'MCS-4 Chip Set' and consisted of: