Jnc: new cat

2018-12-19T23:25:20Z

new cat

Jnc: +cat

2018-12-16T14:29:45Z

+cat

Neozeed: lame initial version

2010-08-15T01:48:51Z

lame initial version

New page

{{Infobox OS
| image = Linux 0.11 on Qemu.jpg
| caption = Linux 0.11 booted up on Qemu
| name = Linux 0.95a
| creator = Linus Torvalds
| current version = 2.6 (2010)
| year introduced = 1992
| type = Multitasking
| architecture = [[IBM 386]]
}}

== Getting this to run ==
I haven't tried to boot this release up, but I'd suspect that [[Bochs]] and possibly [[Qemu]] can run it.

== What runs ==
A great deal at this point, as far as text mode programs go.

== INFO-Sheet ==
<pre>
LINUX INFORMATION SHEET
(last updated 13 Jan 1992 (with changes by Linus 4.4.92))

1. WHAT IS LINUX 0.95a
LINUX 0.95a is a freely distributable UNIX clone. It implements a
subset of System V and POSIX functionality. LINUX has been written
from scratch, and therefore does not contain any AT&T or MINIX
code--not in the kernel, the compiler, the utilities, or the libraries.
For this reason it can be made available with complete source code by
anonymous FTP. LINUX runs only on 386/486 AT-bus machines; porting to
non-Intel architectures is likely to be difficult, as the kernel makes
extensive use of 386 memory management and task primitives.

Version 0.95a is still a beta release, but it already provides much
of the functionality of a System V.3 kernel. For example, various
users have been able to port programs such as bison/flex without having
to modify code at all. Another indication of its maturity is that
it is now possible to do LINUX kernel development using LINUX itself
and freely-available programming tools.

2. LINUX features
- System call compatible with a subset of System V and POSIX
- Full multiprogramming (multiple programs can run at once)
- Memory paging with copy-on-write
- Demand loading of executables
- Page sharing of executables
- Virtual memory: swapping to disk when out of RAM
- POSIX job control
- virtual consoles
- pty's
- some 387-emulation
- ANSI compliant C compiler (gcc)
- A complete set of compiler writing tools
(bison as yacc-replacement, flex as lex replacement)
- The GNU 'Bourne again' shell (bash) (as well as 'ash', 'rc' etc)
- Micro emacs
- most utilities you need for development
(cat, cp, kermit, ls, make, etc.)
- Over 200 library procedures (atoi, fork, malloc, read, stdio, etc.)
- Currently 6 national keyboards: Finnish/US/German/French/British/Danish
- Full source code (in C) for the OS is freely distributable
- Full source code of the tools can be gotten from many anonymous ftp sites
(Almost the entire suite of GNU programs has been ported to Linux.)
- Runs in protected mode on 386 and above
- Support for extended memory up to 16M on 386 and above
- RS-232 serial line support with terminal emulation, kermit, zmodem, etc.
- Supports the real time clock

3. HARDWARE REQUIRED
- A 386 or 486 machine with an AT-bus. (EISA will probably work, also,
but you will need an AT-bus hard disk controller.) Both DX and SX
processors will work.
- A hard disk implementing the standard AT hard disk interface -- for
example, an IDE drive. In addition, some SCSI drives are supported
with additional kernel patches.
- A high-density disk drive--either 5.25" (1.2MB) or 3.5" (1.44MB).
- At least 2 megabytes of RAM. (LINUX will boot in 2 Mb. To use gcc
4 MB is a good idea.)
- Any video card of the following: Hercules,CGA,EGA,VGA

In addition, LINUX supports
- Up to four serial lines (2 active at a time)
- A real time clock

4. PARTIAL LIST OF UTILITIES INCLUDED IN OR AVAILABLE FOR LINUX 0.95a
- The MTOOLS package (reading/writing to DOS filesystems)
- The complete GNU filetools (ls, cat, cp, mv, ...)
- The GNU C and C++ compiler with GNU assembler, linker, ar, ...
- bison
- flex
- rcs
- pmake (BSD 4.3 Reno/BSD 4.4 make)
- kermit
- Micro emacs
- less
- mkfs
- fsck
- mount/umount
- TeX, dvips
- and lots more...

5. LINUX BINARIES
The LINUX binaries and sources are available at several different
anonymous FTP sites. The biggest are:

nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux
tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux

6. LEGAL STATUS OF LINUX
Although LINUX is supplied with the complete source code, it is
copyrighted software. Unlike MINIX, however, it is available for free,
provided you obey to the rules specified in the LINUX copyright.

Linux is (C) Linus Torvalds, but the copyright is the GNU copyleft:
get a copy of the copyleft at your nearest ftp-archive..

7. NEWS ABOUT LINUX
There are now two newsgroups devoted to linux articles: an older
alt.os.linux and the new comp.os.linux group. The alt-group will be
phased out as the comp-group gets a wider propagation. Additionally,
there are a couple of mailing-lists: linux-activists@niksula.hut.fi is
the original mailing-list, and it now supports sub-threads (notably the
gcc-2 beta-testing list). There is also a linux-standards mailing list
as well as a newsgroup-service for those that can get mail but are
unable to read the newsgroups. For the current status of LINUX, do a
"finger torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi".

8. FUTURE PLANS
Work is underway on LINUX version 1.0, which will close some of the
gaps in the present implementation. Various people are currently working
on:
- A more complete virtual filesystem layer
- STREAMS
- Interprocess communication
- IEEE POSIX P1003.1 / P1003.2 compatibility
- more complete SCSI support
If you want to help, mail the various activists or post to the newsgroups.

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Linux 0.95a - Revision history

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Neozeed: lame initial version