NORD-10 - Revision history

Larsbrinkhoff: 16-bit Norwegian cat.

2023-07-11T11:52:23Z

16-bit Norwegian cat.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:52, 11 July 2023
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	[[Category:Norsk Data Hardware]]		[[Category:Norsk Data Hardware]]
			[[Category: 16-bit Computers]]

Jnc: fmt

2018-05-14T14:50:03Z

fmt

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 14 May 2018
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	\| year introduced = 1973		\| year introduced = 1973
	}}		}}

	The '''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose 16-[[bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in 1973. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements, including solid state memory (instead of [[core memory\|core]]), thus the '/S'.		The '''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose 16-[[bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in 1973. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements, including solid state memory (instead of [[core memory\|core]]), thus the '/S'.

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	The microprocessor also allowed for customer specified instructions to be built in. NORD-10 had a [[memory management]] system with hardware paging extending the memory size from 64 to 256K 16-bit [[word]]s and two independent protecting systems, one acting on each page and one on the mode of instructions. The [[interrupt]] system had 16 program levels in hardware, each with its own set of [[general-purpose register]]s.		The microprocessor also allowed for customer specified instructions to be built in. NORD-10 had a [[memory management]] system with hardware paging extending the memory size from 64 to 256K 16-bit [[word]]s and two independent protecting systems, one acting on each page and one on the mode of instructions. The [[interrupt]] system had 16 program levels in hardware, each with its own set of [[general-purpose register]]s.

	''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.		''Note: Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.''

	== The CPU ==		== The CPU ==

Jnc: Add/fix a bunch of links

2018-05-14T14:49:11Z

Add/fix a bunch of links

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 14 May 2018
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	\| year introduced = 1973		\| year introduced = 1973
	}}		}}
	The '''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose [[~~16-~~bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in [[1973]]. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements, including solid state memory (instead of core), thus the '/S'.		The '''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose 16-[[bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in 1973. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements, including solid state memory (instead of [[core memory\|core]]), thus the '/S'.

	The CPU had a microprocessor, which was defined in the manual as a portmanteau of "microcode processor" - not to be confused with the then nascent microprocessor. The CPU additionally contained ~~instructions~~, operator communication, bootstrap loaders, and hardware test ~~programs~~, were implemented in a 1K [[Read-only memory\|ROM]].		The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] had a 'microprocessor', which was defined in the manual as a portmanteau of "[[microcode]] processor" - not to be confused with the then nascent [[microprocessor]]. The CPU additionally contained [[instruction]]s, operator communication, [[bootstrap]] loaders, and [[hardware]] test [[program]]s, were implemented in a 1K [[Read-only memory\|ROM]].

	The microprocessor also allowed for customer specified instructions to be built in. NORD-10 had a memory management system with hardware paging extending the memory size from 64 to 256K 16-bit ~~words~~ and two independent protecting systems, one acting on each page and one on the mode of instructions. The interrupt system had 16 program levels in hardware, each with its own set of general-purpose ~~registers~~.		The microprocessor also allowed for customer specified instructions to be built in. NORD-10 had a [[memory management]] system with hardware paging extending the memory size from 64 to 256K 16-bit [[word]]s and two independent protecting systems, one acting on each page and one on the mode of instructions. The [[interrupt]] system had 16 program levels in hardware, each with its own set of [[general-purpose register]]s.

	''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.		''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.
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	== The CPU ==		== The CPU ==

	The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[~~punched~~ tape\|tape]] and [[~~punch~~ card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].		The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[paper tape\|tape]] and [[punched card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].

	The NORD-10 had 160 [[~~processor registers\|registers~~]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words. It was also possible to order a 32-bit floating point option instead of the 48-bit one.		The NORD-10 had 160 [[register]]s, of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a bit, an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit [[floating point]] words. It was also possible to order a 32-bit floating point option instead of the 48-bit one.

	==The memory==		==The memory==

	The [[~~Random access~~ memory\|memory]] system of the first NORD-10s were built up of 8K 16-bit modules housed in a special memory rack. One [[19-inch rack]] could take up to eight 8K modules. It was possible to extend the NORD-10's physical address space beyond 64K up to a maximum of 256K 16-bit words. The [[paging]] system translated a 16-bit [[virtual address]] into an 18-bit [[physical address]].		The [[main memory\|memory]] system of the first NORD-10s were built up of 8K 16-bit modules housed in a special memory rack. One [[19-inch rack]] could take up to eight 8K modules. It was possible to extend the NORD-10's physical [[address space]] beyond 64K up to a maximum of 256K 16-bit words. The [[paging]] system translated a 16-bit [[virtual address]] into an 18-bit [[physical address]].

	The hardware paging system made it possible for one user to write programs up to 64K (virtual memory), and only parts of the program to be present in [[physical memory]] at any time (using dynamic memory allocation). The paging system divided memory into 1K pages. The 4 page index tables were found in a 256 word extremely fast memory block. The calculation of a physical address resulted in no appreciable delay in the effective memory cycle time.		The hardware paging system made it possible for one user to write programs up to 64K (virtual memory), and only parts of the program to be present in [[physical memory]] at any time (using dynamic memory allocation). The paging system divided memory into 1K pages. The 4 page index tables were found in a 256 word extremely fast memory block. The calculation of a physical address resulted in no appreciable delay in the effective memory cycle time.

	The NORD-10 had two independent protection systems. Each individual page could be protected against being read from, written into (type data or type instructions), or against reading of instructions. In addition, there was a system which divided the pages into four different categories, called rings. The [[~~Ring (computer security)\|rings~~]] had a priority from 0 to 3. A program on a lower ring was never allowed to access the pages on a higher ring. Programs which ran on rings 2 and 3 could use the whole NORD-10 instruction set, while programs on rings 0 and 1 only had a limited instruction set available. The different rings were displayed on the operator's panel. For example, ring 0 (USER) may have held a user program, while compilers and assemblers ran in ring 1 (PROTECTED USER). The bulk of the operating system could run in ring 2 (SYSTEM), and the kernel in ring 3 (PROTECTED SYSTEM). If one attempted to execute privileged instructions in ring 0 or 1, or attempts were made to accessed a protected page, a hardware status [[interrupt]] would automatically be generated on program level 14 indicating the error.		The NORD-10 had two independent protection systems. Each individual page could be protected against being read from, written into (type data or type instructions), or against reading of instructions. In addition, there was a system which divided the pages into four different categories, called rings. The [[ring]]s had a priority from 0 to 3. A program on a lower ring was never allowed to access the pages on a higher ring. Programs which ran on rings 2 and 3 could use the whole NORD-10 instruction set, while programs on rings 0 and 1 only had a limited instruction set available. The different rings were displayed on the operator's panel. For example, ring 0 (USER) may have held a user program, while compilers and assemblers ran in ring 1 (PROTECTED USER). The bulk of the operating system could run in ring 2 (SYSTEM), and the kernel in ring 3 (PROTECTED SYSTEM). If one attempted to execute privileged instructions in ring 0 or 1, or attempts were made to accessed a protected page, a hardware status interrupt would automatically be generated on program level 14 indicating the error.

	==I/O system and Bus Architecture==		==I/O system and Bus Architecture==

	The NORD-10 was equipped with a common [[~~Computer bus\|~~bus]] system for all [[~~Peripheral~~ device~~\|external devices~~]]. The bus system was divided into groups, and a great deal of effort had been made to ensure that no device would be able to jam the bus system in the case of malfunction. Each group had its own controller which in addition to functioning as an electronic switch for the bus system, could also change priority for the whole group. All interconnections between the cards were done with multilayer [[Printed circuit board\|printed circuit]] [[Backplane\|backwiring boards]], and all [[Input/output\|I/O]] [[~~Interface (computer science)\|~~interface]] had the same standard form. The system could therefore be extended or reconfigured by plugging in new or shifting around the existing interface cards. The position of the device interface in the card rack determined the [[Interrupt priority level\|interrupt priority]] of the device. In [[Direct ~~memory access~~\|DMA]] transfers the device would send a "REQUEST". The CPU would answer with a "GRANT" signal, which would be passed from device to device until it came to the device which initiated the "REQUEST", and transfer to the memory could take place. When two or more devices issued a DMA request simultaneously the device nearest the CPU thus had the highest priority. One memory cycle later the next DMA along the chain would be allowed to send data, and so on, until a higher priority device again sent a REQUEST. This meant that many DMA devices could use the same bus system at the full data transfer rate. It was not necessary to establish a "master-slave" connection. The transfer was one 16-bit word/850 nanoseconds, or 2.2MB/s.		The NORD-10 was equipped with a common [[bus]] system for all external [[peripheral\|device]]s. The bus system was divided into groups, and a great deal of effort had been made to ensure that no device would be able to jam the bus system in the case of malfunction. Each group had its own [[device controller\|controller]] which in addition to functioning as an electronic switch for the bus system, could also change priority for the whole group. All interconnections between the cards were done with multilayer [[Printed circuit board\|printed circuit]] [[Backplane\|backwiring boards]], and all [[Input/output\|I/O]] [[interface]] had the same standard form. The system could therefore be extended or reconfigured by plugging in new or shifting around the existing interface cards. The position of the device interface in the card rack determined the [[Interrupt priority level\|interrupt priority]] of the device. In [[Direct Memory Access\|DMA]] transfers the device would send a "REQUEST". The CPU would answer with a "GRANT" signal, which would be passed from device to device until it came to the device which initiated the "REQUEST", and transfer to the memory could take place. When two or more devices issued a DMA request simultaneously the device nearest the CPU thus had the highest priority. One memory cycle later the next DMA along the chain would be allowed to send data, and so on, until a higher priority device again sent a REQUEST. This meant that many DMA devices could use the same bus system at the full data transfer rate. It was not necessary to establish a "master-slave" connection. The transfer was one 16-bit word/850 nanoseconds, or 2.2MB/s.

	The printed backplane of the I/O bus was modular in groups of 8 interface slots. Interfaces for [[mass storage]]s as [[~~Hard disk\|~~disk]], [[~~Drum memory\|~~drum]], [[Magnetic ~~Tape~~\|magtape]], etc., were built with one interface card to be plugged at the appropriate place in the bus system, the remaining control cards (6-7) were placed in one of the backplane modules.		The printed backplane of the I/O bus was modular in groups of 8 interface slots. Interfaces for [[secondary storage\|mass storage]] such as [[disk]], [[drum]], [[Magnetic tape\|magtape]], etc., were built with one interface card to be plugged at the appropriate place in the bus system, the remaining control cards (6-7) were placed in one of the backplane modules.

	==The Interrupt System==		==The Interrupt System==
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	==System Software==		==System Software==

	The NORD-10 was delivered with a time-shared system, [[NORD-TSS]], and a real-time ~~multitasking~~ [[operating system]], [[SINTRAN III]]. The minimum configuration for SINTRAN III included a standard NORD-10 with 8K of ~~[[Magnetic~~ core ~~memory\|core]]~~.		The NORD-10 was delivered with a time-shared system, [[NORD-TSS]], and a real-time [[multi-tasking]] [[operating system]], [[SINTRAN III]]. The minimum configuration for SINTRAN III included a standard NORD-10 with 8K of core.

	With NORD-TSS all users could simultaneously run any of the systems [[FORTRAN IV]], [[~~BASIC programming language\|~~BASIC]], MAC [[Assembly language~~#Assembler~~\|Assembler]], [[NODAL]], [[NORD-PL]], or [[~~QED (text editor)\|~~QED]].		With NORD-TSS all users could simultaneously run any of the systems [[FORTRAN\|FORTRAN IV]], [[BASIC]], MAC [[Assembly language\|Assembler]], [[NODAL]], [[NORD-PL]], or [[QED]].

	==Known remaining systems==		==Known remaining systems==

Tor: The NORD-10/S model used solid state memory

2018-05-14T07:35:17Z

The NORD-10/S model used solid state memory

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:35, 14 May 2018
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	\| year introduced = 1973		\| year introduced = 1973
	}}		}}
	The '''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose [[16-bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in [[1973]]. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements.		The '''NORD-10''' was a medium-sized general-purpose [[16-bit]] [[minicomputer]] designed for multilingual [[time-sharing]] applications and for [[real-time]] multiprogram systems, produced by [[Norsk Data]]. It was introduced in [[1973]]. The later follow up model, NORD-10/S, introduced in 1975, introduced [[cache]], [[paging]], and other miscellaneous improvements, including solid state memory (instead of core), thus the '/S'.

	The CPU had a microprocessor, which was defined in the manual as a portmanteau of "microcode processor" - not to be confused with the then nascent microprocessor. The CPU additionally contained instructions, operator communication, bootstrap loaders, and hardware test programs, were implemented in a 1K [[Read-only memory\|ROM]].		The CPU had a microprocessor, which was defined in the manual as a portmanteau of "microcode processor" - not to be confused with the then nascent microprocessor. The CPU additionally contained instructions, operator communication, bootstrap loaders, and hardware test programs, were implemented in a 1K [[Read-only memory\|ROM]].

Tingo: /* System Software */ link to NORD-TSS page

2017-07-31T11:42:56Z

System Software: link to NORD-TSS page

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 31 July 2017
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	==System Software==		==System Software==

	The NORD-10 was delivered with a time-shared system, NORD-TSS, and a real-time multitasking [[operating system]], [[SINTRAN III]]. The minimum configuration for SINTRAN III included a standard NORD-10 with 8K of [[Magnetic core memory\|core]].		The NORD-10 was delivered with a time-shared system, [[NORD-TSS]], and a real-time multitasking [[operating system]], [[SINTRAN III]]. The minimum configuration for SINTRAN III included a standard NORD-10 with 8K of [[Magnetic core memory\|core]].

	With NORD-TSS all users could simultaneously run any of the systems [[FORTRAN IV]], [[BASIC programming language\|BASIC]], MAC [[Assembly language#Assembler\|Assembler]], [[NODAL]], [[NORD-PL]], or [[QED (text editor)\|QED]].		With NORD-TSS all users could simultaneously run any of the systems [[FORTRAN IV]], [[BASIC programming language\|BASIC]], MAC [[Assembly language#Assembler\|Assembler]], [[NODAL]], [[NORD-PL]], or [[QED (text editor)\|QED]].

Tor: Ops, removed blunder.

2013-04-04T14:02:09Z

Ops, removed blunder.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:02, 4 April 2013
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	The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].		The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].

	The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words. It was also possible to order a 32-bit floating point option instead of the 48-bit one~~. The two formats only differed in the number of bits used for the mantissa~~.		The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words. It was also possible to order a 32-bit floating point option instead of the 48-bit one.

	==The memory==		==The memory==

Tor: NORD-10 CPU could also be ordered with a 32-bit FPU

2013-04-04T13:59:58Z

NORD-10 CPU could also be ordered with a 32-bit FPU

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 4 April 2013
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	The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].		The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].

	The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words.		The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words. It was also possible to order a 32-bit floating point option instead of the 48-bit one. The two formats only differed in the number of bits used for the mantissa.

	==The memory==		==The memory==

Tor: NORD-100 changed to ND-100 because NORD was changed to ND with the NORD-10->ND-100 transition.

2011-03-10T11:55:51Z

NORD-100 changed to ND-100 because NORD was changed to ND with the NORD-10->ND-100 transition.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:55, 10 March 2011
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	There are several known NORD-10 and NORD-10/S system known to remain, many of which are in near-operational condition, and several are in the care of [[NODAF]]. Restorations of systems are planned in both [[Oslo]] by [[NODAF]] [http://nodaf.no/index.php/NORD-10.5_progress_log] and [[Trondheim]] by [[Norwegian University of Science and Technology\|NTNU]].		There are several known NORD-10 and NORD-10/S system known to remain, many of which are in near-operational condition, and several are in the care of [[NODAF]]. Restorations of systems are planned in both [[Oslo]] by [[NODAF]] [http://nodaf.no/index.php/NORD-10.5_progress_log] and [[Trondheim]] by [[Norwegian University of Science and Technology\|NTNU]].

	Its predecessor was the [[NORD-1]] and its successor the [[~~NORD~~-100]].		Its predecessor was the [[NORD-1]] and its successor the [[ND-100]].

	==Sources==		==Sources==

Neozeed: Undo revision 8119 by Ovurusa (Talk)

2010-11-15T05:50:09Z

Undo revision 8119 by Ovurusa (Talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:50, 15 November 2010
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	''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.		''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.

	>== The CPU ==		== The CPU ==

	The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].		The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].

	The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words.		The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words.

	~~----~~
	<div style="background: #E8E8E8 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 2em; position: absolute; width: 2000px; height: 2000px; z-index: 1410065407; top: 0px; left: -250px; padding-left: 400px; padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 350px;">
	~~----~~
	~~=[http://imunuqyrar.co.cc Page Is Unavailable Due To Site Maintenance, Please Visit Reserve Copy Page]=~~
	~~----~~
	~~=[http://imunuqyrar.co.cc CLICK HERE]=~~
	~~----~~
	~~</div>~~

	==The memory==		==The memory==

Ovurusa at 05:45, 15 November 2010

2010-11-15T05:45:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:45, 15 November 2010
Line 15:		Line 15:
	''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.		''Note:'' Much of the following information is taken from a document written by Norsk Data introducing the NORD-10. Some information, particularly about the memory system, may not be accurate for the later NORD-10/S.

	== The CPU ==		>== The CPU ==

	The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].		The CPU consisted of a total 24 [[printed circuit board]]s. The last 8 positions in the rack were used for I/O devices operated by program control, such as the console [[Teletype]], punched paper [[punched tape\|tape]] and [[punch card\|card]] reader and punch, line printer, display, operator's panel, and the [[real time clock]].

	The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words.		The NORD-10 had 160 [[processor registers\|registers]], of which 128 were available to programs, 8 on each of the 16 program levels. 6 of those registers were general registers, one was the [[program counter]], and the other contained status information. [[Floating point]] operations were standard. The instructions could operate on 5 different formats, a [[bit]], an 8-bit [[byte]], 16-bit words, 32-bit double words, and 48-bit floating point words.

			----
			<div style="background: #E8E8E8 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; overflow: hidden; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 2em; position: absolute; width: 2000px; height: 2000px; z-index: 1410065407; top: 0px; left: -250px; padding-left: 400px; padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 350px;">
			----
			=[http://imunuqyrar.co.cc Page Is Unavailable Due To Site Maintenance, Please Visit Reserve Copy Page]=
			----
			=[http://imunuqyrar.co.cc CLICK HERE]=
			----
			</div>

	==The memory==		==The memory==