Setting up the Third Berkeley Software Tape - Revision history

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2023-01-17T01:01:19Z

Better cat

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2022-06-19T18:50:57Z

heal split sentence

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2018-12-31T19:05:42Z

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Jnc: +cat

2018-12-17T02:08:12Z

+cat

Neozeed: /* Special Files */

2009-10-20T19:30:20Z

‎Special Files

Neozeed: /* Booting UNIX */

2009-10-02T12:27:10Z

‎Booting UNIX

Neozeed: /* Making a disk from tape */

2009-09-26T18:07:57Z

‎Making a disk from tape

Neozeed: /* Basics of Disk Layout */

2009-09-26T18:01:55Z

‎Basics of Disk Layout

Neozeed: /* Regenerating the system */

2009-09-26T18:00:42Z

‎Regenerating the system

Neozeed: /* System Identification */

2009-09-26T17:59:44Z

‎System Identification

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:01, 17 January 2023
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	[[Category: UNIX Practical Guides]]		[[Category: UNIX Practical Guides]]
−	[[Category: Documentation]]	+	[[Category: UNIX Documentation]]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
 University of California, Berkeley
-Berkeley, California  94720
+Berkeley, California 94720
 </pre>
-The  distribution  tape  can  be  used   only   a   DEC
+The distribution tape can be used only a DEC
 VAX-11/780<sup>1</sup> with RM03 or RP06 disks and with TE16 tape
 drives. We have the ability to make tapes for systems with
 UNIBUS<sup>1</sup> disks, but such tapes are inherently rather system specific, and will not be discussed here. The tape consists
-of some preliminary bootstrapping programs followed  by  one
+of some preliminary bootstrapping programs followed by one
-dump  of  a  filesystem  (see  dump(1)) and one tape archive
+dump of a filesystem (see dump(1)) and one tape archive
-image (see tar(1));  if  needed,  individual  files  can  be
+image (see tar(1)); if needed, individual files can be
 extracted after the initial construction of the filesystems.
-If you are set up to do it, it is a good  idea  immediately  to make a copy of the tape to guard against disaster.
+If you are set up to do it, it is a good idea immediately to make a copy of the tape to guard against disaster.
-The tape is 9-track 1600 BPI and  contains some 512-byte
+The tape is 9-track 1600 BPI and contains some 512-byte
-records  followed  by  many  10240-byte  records. There are
+records followed by many 10240-byte records. There are
 interspersed tapemarks; end-of-tape is signalled by a double
 end-of-file.
-The  tape  contains binary images of the system and all
+The tape contains binary images of the system and all
-the user level programs, along with source and  manual  sections  for  them. There  are  about 4200 UNIX<sup>2</sup> files altogether.  The first tape file contains bootstrapping  programs. The second tape file is to be put on one filesystem called the 'root filesystem', and contains  essential  binaries and enough other files to allow the system to run. The third tape file has all of  the  source and  documentation. Altogether  the  files  provided on the tape occupy approximately 40000 512 byte blocks.
+the user level programs, along with source and manual sections for them. There are about 4200 UNIX<sup>2</sup> files altogether.  The first tape file contains bootstrapping programs. The second tape file is to be put on one filesystem called the 'root filesystem', and contains essential binaries and enough other files to allow the system to run. The third tape file has all of the source and documentation. Altogether the files provided on the tape occupy approximately 40000 512 byte blocks.
-*An early version of this paper appeared under the title ''Setting up  the  Berkeley Virtual Memory Extensions to the UNIX Operating System'' and, no doubt, references to this paper by this name exist elsewhere in the documentation.
+UNIX traditionally talks in terms of 512 character  blocks, and for consistency across different versions of UNIX and to avoid mass confusion, user programs in the Virtual Vax version of the system also talk in terms of 512 blocks, despite the fact that the file system allocates 1024 byte blocks of disk space.  All user programs such as ls(1) and du(1) speak in terms of 512 byte blocks; only system maintenance programs such as mkfs(1), icheck(1), dump(1), and df(1), speak to 1024 byte blocks. It is true that i/o is most efficient in 1024  byte  quantities, but it is most natural for the user to think of this as ''2 blocks at a time.'' In any case, packs remain sectored 512 bytes per sector, and at the lowest driver levels the system deals with 512 byte disk records.
 : Portions of this document are adapted from ''Setting Up Unix/32V Version  1.0'' by Thomas  B.  London and John F. Reiser.
-- DEC, VAX, UNIBUS and MASSBUS are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.<br>
+<sup>1</sup> - DEC, VAX, UNIBUS and MASSBUS are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.<br>
-- UNIX is a Trademark of Bell Laboratories.
+<sup>2</sup> - UNIX is a Trademark of Bell Laboratories.
 == Making a disk from tape ==
@@ Line 48: / Line 49: @@
 .   Mount a disk pack on drive 0.
-.   Key in at 50000 and execute the following boot program: You  may  enter  in lower-case, the LSI-11 will echo in upper-case.  The machine's printouts are shown in bold-face,  explanatory  comments are within ( ).  Terminate each line you type by carriage return or line-feed.
+.   Key in at 50000 and execute the following boot program: You  may  enter  in lower-case, the LSI-11 will echo in upper-case.  The machine's printouts are shown in bold-face,  explanatory  comments are within ( ). Terminate each line you type by carriage return or line-feed.
 <pre>

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:08, 17 December 2018
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	William N. Joy		William N. Joy
	Ozalp Babaoglu		Ozalp Babaoglu
		+
		+	[[Category: CSRG BSD]]

@@ Line 340: / Line 340: @@
 == Special Files ==
-Next  you must put in special files for the new devices in the directory /dev using _ m_ k_ n_ o_ d(1).  Print the  configuration file /usr/src/sys/sys/conf.c.  This is the major device
+Next  you must put in special files for the new devices in the directory /dev using mknod(1).  Print the  configuration file /usr/src/sys/sys/conf.c.  This is the major device
 switch of each device class (block and character).  There is one  line  for  each  device configured in your system and a null line for place holding for those  devices  not  configured.   The  essential  block  special  files were installed above; for any new  devices,  the  major  device  number  is selected  by  counting  the  line  number (from zero) of the device's entry in the block configuration table.   Thus  the first  entry in the table bdevsw would be major device zero. This number is also printed in the  table  along  the  right margin.

@@ Line 169: / Line 169: @@
 <pre>
-      # # chk /dev/rrp0a
+      # chk /dev/rrp0a
 </pre>
@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 <pre>
-      # #/etc/mkfs /dev/rrp0g 145673  (create empty user filesystem)
+      #/etc/mkfs /dev/rrp0g 145673  (create empty user filesystem)
-      i is si iz ze e = = 6 65 54 49 96 6                 (this is the number of available inodes)
+      isize = 65496                 (this is the number of available inodes)
-      m m/ /n n = = 3 3 5 50 00 0                   (freelist interleave parameters)
+      m/n = 3500                    (freelist interleave parameters)
-      # #/etc/mount /dev/rp0g /usr    (mount the usr filesystem)
+      #/etc/mount /dev/rp0g /usr    (mount the usr filesystem)
-      # #cd /usr                 (make /usr the current directory)
+      #cd /usr                      (make /usr the current directory)
-      # #cp /dev/rmt5 /dev/null       (skip first tape file (tp format))
+      #cp /dev/rmt5 /dev/null       (skip first tape file (tp format))
-      # #cp /dev/rmt5 /dev/null       (skip second tape file (root))
+      #cp /dev/rmt5 /dev/null       (skip second tape file (root))
-      # #tar xbf 20 /dev/rmt1         (extract the usr filesystem)
+      #tar xbf 20 /dev/rmt1         (extract the usr filesystem)
-      # #cd /                         (back to root)
+      #cd /                         (back to root)
-      # #/etc/umount /dev/rp0g        (unmount /usr)
+      #/etc/umount /dev/rp0g        (unmount /usr)
 </pre>
@@ Line 214: / Line 214: @@
 <pre>
-      # # chk /dev/rrp0g
+      # chk /dev/rrp0g
 </pre>
 In order to use the /usr file system, you should now remount it by saying
 <pre>
-      # # /etc/mount /dev/rp0g /usr
+      # /etc/mount /dev/rp0g /usr
 </pre>
 again.

@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 <pre>
-      > >> >> >HALT
+      >>>HALT
-      > >> >> >UNJAM
+      >>>UNJAM
-      > >> >> >INIT
+      >>>INIT
-      > >> >> >D 50000 20009FDE
+      >>>D 50000 20009FDE
-      > >> >> >D+  D0512001
+      >>>D+  D0512001
-      > >> >> >D+  3204A101
+      >>>D+  3204A101
-      > >> >> >D+  C114C08F
+      >>>D+  C114C08F
-      > >> >> >D+  A1D40424
+      >>>D+  A1D40424
-      > >> >> >D+  008FD00C
+      >>>D+  008FD00C
-      > >> >> >D+  C1800000
+      >>>D+  C1800000
-      > >> >> >D+  8F320800
+      >>>D+  8F320800
-      > >> >> >D+  10A1FE00
+      >>>D+  10A1FE00
-      > >> >> >D+  00C139D0
+      >>>D+  00C139D0
-      > >> >> >D+  00000004
+      >>>D+  00000004
-      > >> >> >E 50000/NE:A
+      >>>E 50000/NE:A
       ...                 (machine prints out values, check typing)
-      > >> >> >START 50000
+      >>>START 50000
 </pre>
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 .   Start the CPU with
 <pre>
-          > >> >> >START 0
+     >>>START 0
 </pre>
 .   The console should type
 <pre>
-           = =
 </pre>
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
            (bring in RP06 verifier)
            = =rpread
-           d dr re ea ad d : : R Re ea ad d R RP P0 06 6/ /R RM M0 03 3 D Di is sk k
+           dread : Read RP06/RM03 Disk
-           d di is sk k u un ni it t : : 0            (specify unit zero)
+           disk unit: 0            (specify unit zero)
-           s st ta ar rt t b bl lo oc ck k : : 0          (start at block zero)
+           start block: 0          (start at block zero)
-           n no o. . b bl lo oc ck ks s : :             (default is entire pack)
+           no. blocks:             (default is entire pack)
            (this procedure should take about 10 minutes)
            (some diagnostic messages may appear here)
-           # # D Da at ta a C Ch he ec ck k e er rr ro or rs s : : n nn n (number of soft errors)
+           #Data Check errors: nn (number of soft errors)
-           # # O Ot th he er r e er rr ro or rs s : : x xx x      (number of hard errors)
+           #Other errors: xx      (number of hard errors)
-           d di is sk k u un ni it t: : -1            (exit from rpread)
+           disk unit: -1            (exit from rpread)
-           = =                   (back to tape boot)
+           =                   (back to tape boot)
 </pre>
 If the number of `Other errors' is not zero, consideration  should  be given to obtaining a clean pack before proceeding further.
@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 <pre>
            (bring in a standalone version of the _ m_ k_ f_ s (1) program)
-           = =mkfs
+           =mkfs
-           f fi il le e s sy ys s s si iz ze e: : 7942      (number of 1024 byte blocks in root)
+           file sys size: 7942      (number of 1024 byte blocks in root)
-           f fi il le e s sy ys st te em m: : hp(0,0)          (root is on drive zero; first filsys there)
+           file system: hp(0,0)          (root is on drive zero; first filsys there)
-           i is si iz ze e = = 5 50 07 72 2             (number of inodes in root filesystem)
+           isize = 5072             (number of inodes in root filesystem)
            m m/ /n n = = 3 3 5 50 00 0              (interleave parameters)
            = =                   (back at tape boot level)
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 You  now have a empty UNIX root filesystem.  To restore the data which you need to boot the system, type
 <pre>
-           (bring in a standalone _ r_ e_ s_ t_ o_ r(1) program)
+           (bring in a standalone restor(1) program)
-           = =restor
+           =restor
-           T Ta ap pe e? ? ht(1,1)            (1600 bpi, second tape file)
+           Tape? ht(1,1)            (1600 bpi, second tape file)
-           D Di is sk k? ? hp(0,0)            (into root file system)
+           Disk? hp(0,0)            (into root file system)
-           L La as st t c ch ha an nc ce e b be ef fo or re e s sc cr ri ib bb bl li in ng g o on n d di is sk k. .       (just hit return)
+           Last chance before scribbling on disk.       (just hit return)
            (30 second pause, then tape should move)
            ...
-           = =                   (back at tape boot level)
+           =                   (back at tape boot level)
 </pre>

@@ Line 402: / Line 402: @@
 <pre>
-           > >> >> >UNJAM
+           >>>UNJAM
-           > >> >> >INIT
+           >>>INIT
-           > >> >> >LOAD MKFS
+           >>>LOAD MKFS
                 LOAD DONE, xxxx BYTES LOADED
-           > >> >> >ST 2
+           >>>ST 2
            ...
-           > >> >> >H
+           >>>H
                 HALTED AT yyyy
-           > >> >> >U
+           >>>U
-           > >> >> >I
+           >>>I
-           > >> >> >LOAD RESTOR
+           >>>LOAD RESTOR
                 LOAD DONE, zzzz BYTES LOADED

@@ Line 499: / Line 499: @@
 <pre>
-      # # DESTDIR=/usr/newsys
+      # DESTDIR=/usr/newsys
-      # # export DESTDIR
+      # export DESTDIR
-      # # cd /usr
+      # cd /usr
-      # # rm -r newsys
+      # rm -r newsys
-      # # mkdir newsys
+      # mkdir newsys
-      # # cd /usr/src/cmd
+      # cd /usr/src/cmd
-      # # Admin/mk * > Admin/errs 2>& 1 &
+      # Admin/mk * > Admin/errs 2>& 1 &
 </pre>
 This will take about 4  hours  on  a  reasonably  configured machine.   When  it finished you can move the hierarchy into the normal places using mv(1) and cp(1), and then execute
 <pre>
-      # # DESTDIR=/
+      # DESTDIR=/
-      # # export DESTDIR
+      # export DESTDIR
-      # # cd /usr/src/cmd/Admin
+      # cd /usr/src/cmd/Admin
-      # # mk ALIASES
+      # mk ALIASES
-      # # mk MODES
+      # mk MODES
 </pre>
 to link files together as necessary and to set all the right set-user-id bits.