UNIVAC I - Revision history

Jnc: Upgrading a UNIVAC I to a UNIVAC II

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Upgrading a UNIVAC I to a UNIVAC II

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	A careful, slow power-on procedure, in which the filaments in the tubes were slowly warmed up, produced very reliable operation. (No doubt prior experience with tubes in the [[ENIAC]] had educated the UNIVAC's builders.)		A careful, slow power-on procedure, in which the filaments in the tubes were slowly warmed up, produced very reliable operation. (No doubt prior experience with tubes in the [[ENIAC]] had educated the UNIVAC's builders.)

			A UNIVAC II could be upgraded to a [[UNIVAC II]] with a number of changes, the most significant of which was the replacement of the delay line main memory with the then newly-invented [[core memory]].

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External links: +UNIVAC I Computer System

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	* [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac1/ Univac I] - documentation at [[Bitsavers]]		* [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac1/ Univac I] - documentation at [[Bitsavers]]
	** [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac1/UNIVAC1_Maintenance_Manual_Jan58.pdf UNIVAC I Maintenance Manual]		** [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac1/UNIVAC1_Maintenance_Manual_Jan58.pdf UNIVAC I Maintenance Manual]
			* [https://vipclubmn.org/Articles/UNIVAC_I_Technical.pdf UNIVAC I Computer System] - considerable technical detail

	[[Category: Mainframes]]		[[Category: Mainframes]]

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Created by Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation

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	The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain '''UNIVAC''', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.		The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain '''UNIVAC''', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US. It was created by [[Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation]], before that was acquired by [[Remington Rand]].

	It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times over fewer, larger lines). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[binary-coded decimal\|packed decimal]], with digits being represented as their character equivalents.		It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times over fewer, larger lines). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[binary-coded decimal\|packed decimal]], with digits being represented as their character equivalents.

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Better cat

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	[[Category: ~~Computers~~]]		[[Category: Mainframes]]

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	\| <!-- architecture = [[]] -->		\| <!-- architecture = [[]] -->
	\| year design started = Early 1947		\| year design started = Early 1947
	\| year first shipped = March. 1951		\| year first shipped = March, 1951
	\| form factor = [[mainframe]]		\| form factor = [[mainframe]]
	\| word size = 72 bits		\| word size = 72 bits
	\| physical address = 3 digits (decimal)		\| physical address = 3 digits (decimal)
	\| logic type = [[vacuum tube]]s		\| logic type = [[vacuum tube]]s
	\| design type = serial asynchronous		\| design type = serial asynchronous
	\| clock speed = 2.25 Mhz (~~basic~~ - ~~serial machine; add~~ - ~~120 μsec for operation,~~ 525 μsec ~~for complete instruction)~~		\| clock speed = 2.25 Mhz
	\| memory speed = 400 ~~μ sec~~ (maximum)		\| instruction speed = 120 μsec (add, excluding memory access) <!-- 525 μsec max -->
			\| memory speed = 400 μsec (maximum)
	\| predecessor = [[EDVAC]]		\| predecessor = [[EDVAC]]
	\| successor = [[UNIVAC II]]		\| successor = [[UNIVAC II]]
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	The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain 'UNIVAC', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.		The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain 'UNIVAC', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.

	It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[binary-coded decimal\|packed decimal]], with digits being represented as their character equivalents.		It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times over fewer, larger lines). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[binary-coded decimal\|packed decimal]], with digits being represented as their character equivalents.

	The only [[input/output]] devices were [[magnetic tape]] units, the 'UNISERVO'. Data could be ~~tranferred~~ to and from tape with ~~offline peripherals~~ which allowed use of printing, keyboard input, and [[punched card]]s.		The only [[input/output]] devices were [[magnetic tape]] units, the 'UNISERVO'. Data could be transferred to and from tape with off-line [[peripheral]]s which allowed use of printing, [[keyboard]] input, and [[punched card]]s.

	A careful, slow power-on procedure, in which the filaments in the tubes were slowly warmed up, produced very reliable operation. (No doubt prior experience with tubes in the [[ENIAC]] had educated the UNIVAC's builders.)		A careful, slow power-on procedure, in which the filaments in the tubes were slowly warmed up, produced very reliable operation. (No doubt prior experience with tubes in the [[ENIAC]] had educated the UNIVAC's builders.)

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			[[Category: Computers]]

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Proper cat

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	A careful, slow power-on procedure, in which the filaments in the tubes were slowly warmed up, produced very reliable operation. (No doubt prior experience with tubes in the [[ENIAC]] had educated the UNIVAC's builders.)		A careful, slow power-on procedure, in which the filaments in the tubes were slowly warmed up, produced very reliable operation. (No doubt prior experience with tubes in the [[ENIAC]] had educated the UNIVAC's builders.)

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	The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain 'UNIVAC', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.		The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain 'UNIVAC', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.

	It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[packed decimal]], digits being represented as their character equivalents.		It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[binary-coded decimal\|packed decimal]], with digits being represented as their character equivalents.

	The only [[input/output]] devices were [[magnetic tape]] units, the 'UNISERVO'. Data could be tranferred to and from tape with offline peripherals which allowed use of printing, keyboard input, and [[punched card]]s.		The only [[input/output]] devices were [[magnetic tape]] units, the 'UNISERVO'. Data could be tranferred to and from tape with offline peripherals which allowed use of printing, keyboard input, and [[punched card]]s.

Jnc: More details

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More details

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	The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain 'UNIVAC', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.		The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain 'UNIVAC', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.

	It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in serial mode (to match the memory). Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word.		It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[packed decimal]], digits being represented as their character equivalents.

	The only [[input/output]] devices were [[magnetic tape]] units, the 'UNISERVO'. Data could be tranferred to and from tape with offline peripherals which allowed use of printing, keyboard input, and [[punched card]]s.		The only [[input/output]] devices were [[magnetic tape]] units, the 'UNISERVO'. Data could be tranferred to and from tape with offline peripherals which allowed use of printing, keyboard input, and [[punched card]]s.

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	}}		}}

	The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain 'UNIVAC', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.		The '''UNIVAC I''' ('UNIVersal Automatic Computer'; originally, just plain '''UNIVAC''', until later models appeared) was the first commercially-available computer in the US.

	It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times over fewer, larger lines). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[binary-coded decimal\|packed decimal]], with digits being represented as their character equivalents.		It was a [[vacuum tube]] machine, using mercury [[delay line]]s for [[main memory]], with 1000 [[word]]s organized as 100 lines of 10 words each (to reduce access times over fewer, larger lines). The [[Central Processing Unit\|CPU]] operated in digit-serial mode (i.e. a digit at a time), to match the memory. Its [[word]] size was 72 bits, with two [[instruction]]s per word, with 12 digits/characters per word; it stored numbers with a form of [[binary-coded decimal\|packed decimal]], with digits being represented as their character equivalents.
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			==Further reading==

			* Nancy B. Stern, ''From ENIAC to UNIVAC: An Appraisal of the Eckert-Mauchly Computers'', Digital Press, Bedford, 1981
			* Arthur Lawrence Norberg; ''Computers and Commerce: A Study of Technology and Management at Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company, Engineering Research Associates, and Remington Rand''; MIT Press, Cambridge, 2005

			==External links==

			* [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac1/ Univac I] - documentation at [[Bitsavers]]
			** [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univac/univac1/UNIVAC1_Maintenance_Manual_Jan58.pdf UNIVAC I Maintenance Manual]

	[[Category: Mainframes]]		[[Category: Mainframes]]