Difference between revisions of "Intel 80386"

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[[Image:80386-12 CPU.jpg|150px|thumb|right|An i386 cpu]]
 
[[Image:80386-12 CPU.jpg|150px|thumb|right|An i386 cpu]]
  
The '''Intel 80386''' (sometimes '''386''' or '''i386''' for short) is the 3rd generation [[Central Processing Unit|CPU]] from Intel based on the 8088/8086 CPU.  The 386 was a 32-bit CPU, featuring all the features of the [[Intel 80286]] CPU, plus 32-bit protected mode with variable page sizes, allowing for a flat memory space where the entire 4GB of accessible ram could be accessed without segmentation. The 386 was introduced in 1985, and finally discontinued in 2007.
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The '''Intel 80386''' (sometimes '''386''' or '''i386''' for short) is the 3rd generation [[microprocessor]] [[Central Processing Unit|CPU]] from [[Intel]] based on the 8088/8086 CPU.  The 386 was a 32-bit CPU, featuring all the features of the [[Intel 80286]] CPU, plus 32-bit [[protected mode]] with variable page sizes, allowing for a flat memory space where the entire 4GB of accessible ram could be accessed without [[segment]]ation. The 386 was introduced in 1985, and finally discontinued in 2007.
  
The 386 also featured a special mode called v86 which facilitated the creation of [[VDM]]s.  In this mode all unprivileged instructions of the 386 could execute in a hardware virtual machine, and privileged instructions would fault.
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The 386 also featured a special mode called v86 which facilitated the creation of [[VDM]]s.  In this mode all unprivileged instructions of the 386 could execute in a hardware [[virtual machine]], and privileged instructions would fault.
  
The real success of this chip was that it made 32-bit software available to the masses, and for bringing 'real' [[Unix]] from the VAX environment to normal people, via cheap commodity hardware.
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The real success of this chip was that it made 32-bit software available to the masses, and for bringing 'real' [[Unix]] from the [[VAX]] environment to normal people, via cheap commodity hardware.
  
 
== programming ==
 
== programming ==
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== 80386sx ==
 
== 80386sx ==
The 80386sx was a low cost version of the 80386.  Instead of having a 32-bit address bus, it was restricted to 24bits, meaning the 80386sx could only address 16MB of ram maximum. The 80386sx also only could transfer data 16 bits at a time, so reading a 32-bit word took two reads. This basically kept the 80386sx comparable in speed to the 80286. The internal registers were still 32bit wide, so it could run the same software.
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The 80386sx was a low cost version of the 80386.  Instead of having a 32-bit [[address bus]], it was restricted to 24bits, meaning the 80386sx could only address 16MB of ram maximum. The 80386sx also only could transfer data 16 bits at a time, so reading a 32-bit word took two reads. This basically kept the 80386sx comparable in speed to the 80286. The internal registers were still 32bit wide, so it could run the same software.
  
 
== Trivia ==
 
== Trivia ==
The first 386 CPUs had an issue with the multiply instruction in 32-bit modes, so there had to be a recall on all parts.  Later the parts were either stamped "16 bit software only" or with a double sigma sign to certify they would operate correctly.
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The first 386 CPUs had an issue with the multiply [[instruction]] in 32-bit modes, so there had to be a recall on all parts.  Later the parts were either stamped "16 bit software only" or with a double sigma sign to certify they would operate correctly.
  
 
IBM was not the first PC manufacturer to make a 386 CPU, they were too infatuated with the 80286 and the 16bit version of [[OS/2]] so it was [[Compaq]] who beat them to the first 80386-based machine, with the [[Desqpro 386]].
 
IBM was not the first PC manufacturer to make a 386 CPU, they were too infatuated with the 80286 and the 16bit version of [[OS/2]] so it was [[Compaq]] who beat them to the first 80386-based machine, with the [[Desqpro 386]].
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Since there was no 80386-specific software at its launch, Compaq pushed [[Microsoft]] to release [[Windows/386]] before Windows 2.0 so that there would be some compelling reason to buy a Compaq 386.
 
Since there was no 80386-specific software at its launch, Compaq pushed [[Microsoft]] to release [[Windows/386]] before Windows 2.0 so that there would be some compelling reason to buy a Compaq 386.
  
The next CPU in the line of x86 CPUs was the [[Intel 80486]].
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The next CPU in the line of [[Intel x86|x86]] CPUs was the [[Intel 80486]].
  
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[[Category:Microprocessors]]
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[[Category: Microprocessors]]

Revision as of 23:14, 19 October 2018

An i386 cpu

The Intel 80386 (sometimes 386 or i386 for short) is the 3rd generation microprocessor CPU from Intel based on the 8088/8086 CPU. The 386 was a 32-bit CPU, featuring all the features of the Intel 80286 CPU, plus 32-bit protected mode with variable page sizes, allowing for a flat memory space where the entire 4GB of accessible ram could be accessed without segmentation. The 386 was introduced in 1985, and finally discontinued in 2007.

The 386 also featured a special mode called v86 which facilitated the creation of VDMs. In this mode all unprivileged instructions of the 386 could execute in a hardware virtual machine, and privileged instructions would fault.

The real success of this chip was that it made 32-bit software available to the masses, and for bringing 'real' Unix from the VAX environment to normal people, via cheap commodity hardware.

programming

The most popular reference is the INTEL 80386 PROGRAMMER'S REFERENCE MANUAL.

80386sx

The 80386sx was a low cost version of the 80386. Instead of having a 32-bit address bus, it was restricted to 24bits, meaning the 80386sx could only address 16MB of ram maximum. The 80386sx also only could transfer data 16 bits at a time, so reading a 32-bit word took two reads. This basically kept the 80386sx comparable in speed to the 80286. The internal registers were still 32bit wide, so it could run the same software.

Trivia

The first 386 CPUs had an issue with the multiply instruction in 32-bit modes, so there had to be a recall on all parts. Later the parts were either stamped "16 bit software only" or with a double sigma sign to certify they would operate correctly.

IBM was not the first PC manufacturer to make a 386 CPU, they were too infatuated with the 80286 and the 16bit version of OS/2 so it was Compaq who beat them to the first 80386-based machine, with the Desqpro 386.

Since there was no 80386-specific software at its launch, Compaq pushed Microsoft to release Windows/386 before Windows 2.0 so that there would be some compelling reason to buy a Compaq 386.

The next CPU in the line of x86 CPUs was the Intel 80486.