Difference between revisions of "PDP-11"

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The PDP-11 is a series of computers introduced in [[1969]] [1] by [[DEC|Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)]], in production at DEC from 1970-1990. Their life-time spanned a period of momentous changes in the computer world: when they were first introduced (and for a little less than half their life), [[core memory]] was still the standard [[main memory]] technology; by the end, [[microprocessor]]s had become ubiquitous.
+
The '''PDP-11''' is a series of computers introduced in 1969 [1] by the [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC), in production there from 1970-1990. Their life-time spanned a period of momentous changes in the computer world: when they were first introduced (and for a little less than half their life), [[core memory]] was still the standard [[main memory]] technology; by the end, [[microprocessor]]s had become ubiquitous.
  
 
[[Image:PDP1123PLUS-01.jpeg|right|thumb|200px|A loaded QBUS PDP-11/23 PLUS]]
 
[[Image:PDP1123PLUS-01.jpeg|right|thumb|200px|A loaded QBUS PDP-11/23 PLUS]]
  
The machine word size was 16 bits, and it was a [[general register architecture]]. Although it was not the first to feature the latter, its wide distribution (in 1980, it was the world's best-selling computer) has helped influence almost all later machines to follow that path.
+
The machine word size was 16 bits, and it was a [[general register]] [[architecture]]. Although it was not the first to feature the latter, its wide distribution (in 1980, it was the world's best-selling computer) has helped influence almost all later machines to follow that path.
  
 
(For more information about the architecture, including its innovative and much-copied [[stack]]-oriented [[addressing modes]], see [[PDP-11 architecture]].)
 
(For more information about the architecture, including its innovative and much-copied [[stack]]-oriented [[addressing modes]], see [[PDP-11 architecture]].)
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PDP-11's came in two groups: those which used the [[UNIBUS]] for a bus, and the later ones which used the [[QBUS]]. Eventually DEC stopped producing [[UNIBUS]] PDP-11's (the last were the [[PDP-11/44]] and [[PDP-11/24]]); later 'UNIBUS' machines (the [[PDP-11/84]] and [[PDP-11/94]]) actually contained QBUS processors with a QBUS<->UNIBUS adapter board.
 
PDP-11's came in two groups: those which used the [[UNIBUS]] for a bus, and the later ones which used the [[QBUS]]. Eventually DEC stopped producing [[UNIBUS]] PDP-11's (the last were the [[PDP-11/44]] and [[PDP-11/24]]); later 'UNIBUS' machines (the [[PDP-11/84]] and [[PDP-11/94]]) actually contained QBUS processors with a QBUS<->UNIBUS adapter board.
  
It could run a variety of operating systems. Many were produced by [[DEC]] themselves, but several were produced by third-parties. Often DEC would purchase or rebrand this OS and resell it as their own product.  For example, [[UNIX]] sold as [[Ultrix]] by DEC.
+
Towards the end of its life, there were several microcomputer implementations of the PDP-11, as [[integrated circuit|chips]].
 +
 
 +
It could run a variety of operating systems. Many were produced by [[DEC]] themselves, but several were produced by third-parties. (It was the machine which made [[UNIX]] widely known and popular, with [[UNIX Sixth Edition]].) Often DEC would purchase or re-brand such an OS and re-sell it as their own product; for example, UNIX sold as [[Ultrix]] by DEC.
  
 
After DEC discontinued production of PDP-11's, the line was sold to [[Mentec]], who produced a few newer models.
 
After DEC discontinued production of PDP-11's, the line was sold to [[Mentec]], who produced a few newer models.
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=== Unix based Operating Systems ===
 
=== Unix based Operating Systems ===
  
*[[UNIX Fifth Edition]]
+
* [[UNIX First Edition]]
*[[UNIX Sixth Edition]]
+
* [[UNIX Second Edition]]
*[[Unix Seventh Edition]]
+
* [[UNIX Third Edition]]
 +
* [[UNIX Fourth Edition]]
 +
* [[UNIX Fifth Edition]]
 +
* [[UNIX Sixth Edition]]
 +
* [[Unix Seventh Edition]]
  
These are the original Bell Laboratories releases of Unix.
+
These are the original Bell Laboratories releases of Unix; the first 4 were only internal to Bell, the Fifth saw limited distribution outside it, and the Sixth took over the world.
  
*[[System III]]
+
* [[System III]]
  
This was the first shipping unix distro by AT&T. It only supported the PDP-11 and VAX computers.
+
This was the first shipping Unix distro by AT&T. It only supported the PDP-11 and [[VAX]] computers.
  
*[[2.9 BSD]]
+
* [[2.9 BSD]]
  
 
This version was a port of the 4.3 feature set to the PDP-11.  Although considered impossible by many, it accomplished this by using overlays for portions of the kernel, and to allow for user programs larger then 64kb.
 
This version was a port of the 4.3 feature set to the PDP-11.  Although considered impossible by many, it accomplished this by using overlays for portions of the kernel, and to allow for user programs larger then 64kb.
  
*[[2.10 BSD]]
+
* [[2.10 BSD]]
*[[2.11 BSD]]
+
* [[2.11 BSD]]
  
 
This version is still supported, and if one really felt the need to load a Unix for use on a PDP-11 this would be the best fit. It has support for TCP/IP, large memory space and is the best UNIX experence one can get going to get on a 16-bit mini.
 
This version is still supported, and if one really felt the need to load a Unix for use on a PDP-11 this would be the best fit. It has support for TCP/IP, large memory space and is the best UNIX experence one can get going to get on a 16-bit mini.
  
 
=== Other OS's ===
 
=== Other OS's ===
*[[RSX-11]]
+
 
*[[RSTS/E]]
+
* [[RSX-11]]
*[[RT-11]]
+
* [[RSTS/E]]
*[[TOPS-20]]
+
* [[RT-11]]
 +
 
 +
Technically also an OS is [[XXDP diagnostic package|XXDP]], which is an 'overseer' for running the PDP-11 [[diagnostic]]s produced/provided by DEC.
  
 
== PDP-11 Models and notes ==
 
== PDP-11 Models and notes ==
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! Model !! Introduced !! Bus Type !! Addressing !! Notes !! Speed (VUPS)
 
! Model !! Introduced !! Bus Type !! Addressing !! Notes !! Speed (VUPS)
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/20|11/20]] ||[[1969]][1] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||16-bit || ||
+
| [[PDP-11/20|11/20]] || 1969[1] ||[[UNIBUS]] || 16-bit || ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/05|11/05]] ||[[1972]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||16-bit || ||
+
| [[PDP-11/05|11/05]] || 1972 || UNIBUS || 16-bit || OEM model ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/10|11/10]] ||[[1972]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||16-bit ||KD11-B processor[*] ||
+
| [[PDP-11/10|11/10]][*] || 1972 || UNIBUS || 16-bit || ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/15|11/15]] ||[[1972]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||16-bit ||OEM model ||
+
| [[PDP-11/15|11/15]] || 1972 || UNIBUS || 16-bit || OEM model ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/40|11/40]] ||[[1973]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||18-bit || ||
+
| [[PDP-11/35|11/35]] || 1973 || UNIBUS || 18-bit || OEM model ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/45|11/45]] ||[[1973]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||18-bit ||core memory ||
+
| [[PDP-11/40|11/40]] || 1973 || UNIBUS || 18-bit || ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/50|11/50]] ||[[1975]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||18-bit ||MOS memory ||
+
| [[PDP-11/45|11/45]] || 1973 || UNIBUS || 18-bit || core memory ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/70|11/70]] ||[[1975]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||22-bit || || 0.6
+
| [[PDP-11/50|11/50]] || 1975 || UNIBUS || 18-bit || [[MOS]] memory ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/03|11/03]] ||[[1975]] ||[[QBUS]] ||16-bit ||first QBUS model, first F-11 || 0.5
+
| [[PDP-11/55|11/55]] || 1976 || UNIBUS || 18-bit || fast bipolar memory ||
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/34|11/34]] ||[[1976]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||18-bit || || 0.21
+
| [[PDP-11/70|11/70]] || 1975 || UNIBUS || 22-bit || || 0.6
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/04|11/04]] ||[[1976]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||16-bit || || 0.11
+
| [[PDP-11/03|11/03]] || 1975 || [[QBUS]] || 16-bit || first QBUS model || 0.5
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/55|11/55]] ||[[1976]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||18-bit ||fast bipolar memory ||  
+
| [[PDP-11/04|11/04]] || 1976 || UNIBUS || 16-bit || || 0.11
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/60|11/60]] ||[[1977]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||18-bit ||writable control store ||  
+
| [[PDP-11/34|11/34]] || 1976 || UNIBUS || 18-bit || || 0.21
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/23|11/23]] ||[[1979]] ||[[QBUS]] ||18-bit ''or'' 22-bit || || 0.12
+
| [[PDP-11/60|11/60]] || 1977 || UNIBUS || 18-bit || writable control store ||  
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/24|11/24]] ||[[1979]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||22-bit ||first UNIBUS model to use F-11 chip || 0.18
+
| [[PDP-11/23|11/23]] || 1979 || QBUS || 18-bit ''or'' 22-bit || first [[F-11]] || 0.12
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/44|11/44]] ||[[1979]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||22-bit ||last non-LSI PDP-11 || 0.42
+
| [[PDP-11/24|11/24]] || 1979 || UNIBUS || 22-bit || only UNIBUS model to use F-11 chip || 0.18
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/23 PLUS|11/23+]] || [[1981]] Nov ||[[QBUS]] ||22-bit || || 0.18
+
| [[PDP-11/44|11/44]] || 1979 || UNIBUS || 22-bit || last non-LSI PDP-11 || 0.42
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/73|11/73]] || [[1983]] ||[[QBUS]] ||22-bit ||first J-11 machine, 15MHz, integrated FPU, also first PMI PDP-11 || 0.45
+
|[[PDP-11/23 PLUS|11/23+]] || 1981 Nov || QBUS || 22-bit || || 0.18
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/53|11/53]] || [[1984]] ||[[QBUS]] ||22-bit ||S-box or standard qbus, integrated FPU, 768KiW memory || 0.29
+
| [[PDP-11/73|11/73]] || 1983 || QBUS || 22-bit || first [[J-11]] machine, 15MHz, integrated [[FPU]], also first [[PMI]] PDP-11 || 0.45
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/83|11/83]] ||[[1988]] ||[[QBUS]] ||22-bit ||J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU || 0.72
+
| [[PDP-11/53|11/53]] || 1984 || QBUS || 22-bit || S-box or standard QBUS, integrated FPU, 768KiW memory || 0.29
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/84|11/84]] ||[[1988]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||22-bit ||J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU || 0.72
+
| [[PDP-11/83|11/83]] || 1988 || QBUS || 22-bit || J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU || 0.72
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/93|11/93]] ||[[1990]] ||[[QBUS]] ||22-bit ||J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU, 2MiW onboard memory || 1.0
+
| [[PDP-11/84|11/84]] || 1988 || UNIBUS || 22-bit || J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU || 0.72
 
|-
 
|-
|[[PDP-11/94|11/94]] ||[[1990]] ||[[UNIBUS]] ||22-bit ||J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU, 2MiW onboard memory || 1.0
+
| [[PDP-11/93|11/93]] || 1990 || QBUS || 22-bit || J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU, 2MiW onboard memory || 1.0
 +
|-
 +
| [[PDP-11/94|11/94]] || 1990 || UNIBUS || 22-bit || J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU, 2MiW onboard memory || 1.0
 
|}
 
|}
''<span style="font-size:70%">[*]The name PDP-11/10 was recycled by DEC from an earlier KA-11 CPU-based 11/10 from 1969, or at least it existed in advertisements[1]</span> ''
+
 
 +
''<span style="font-size:70%">[*]The name PDP-11/10 was recycled by DEC from an earlier [[KA11 CPU]]-based 11/10 from 1969, or at least it existed in advertisements[1]</span>''
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
* [[PDP-11 Memory Management]]
 
* [[FP11 floating point]]
 
 
* [[UNIBUS memories]]
 
* [[UNIBUS memories]]
 
* [[QBUS memories]]
 
* [[QBUS memories]]
 
* [[UNIBUS boot ROMs]]
 
* [[UNIBUS boot ROMs]]
 
* [[QBUS boot ROMs]]
 
* [[QBUS boot ROMs]]
 +
* [[PDP11GUI]]
 +
 +
==External links==
 +
 +
* [http://ana-3.lcs.mit.edu/~jnc/tech/pdp11/PDP-11_Models.html PDP-11 Recognition] - Illustrated guide to identifying PDP-11 models
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
http://vintagecomputer.net/digital/PDP11-20/PDP11_Price-List_19691215.pdf
 
  
{{stub}}
+
* [http://vintagecomputer.net/digital/PDP11-20/PDP11_Price-List_19691215.pdf PDP-11/20 Price List]
 +
 
 
{{PDP-11}}
 
{{PDP-11}}
[[Category:DEC Computer Systems]]
+
 
 +
[[Category: PDP-11s]]
 +
[[Category: DEC Architectures]]

Revision as of 15:16, 1 April 2021

The PDP-11 is a series of computers introduced in 1969 [1] by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), in production there from 1970-1990. Their life-time spanned a period of momentous changes in the computer world: when they were first introduced (and for a little less than half their life), core memory was still the standard main memory technology; by the end, microprocessors had become ubiquitous.

A loaded QBUS PDP-11/23 PLUS

The machine word size was 16 bits, and it was a general register architecture. Although it was not the first to feature the latter, its wide distribution (in 1980, it was the world's best-selling computer) has helped influence almost all later machines to follow that path.

(For more information about the architecture, including its innovative and much-copied stack-oriented addressing modes, see PDP-11 architecture.)

PDP-11's came in two groups: those which used the UNIBUS for a bus, and the later ones which used the QBUS. Eventually DEC stopped producing UNIBUS PDP-11's (the last were the PDP-11/44 and PDP-11/24); later 'UNIBUS' machines (the PDP-11/84 and PDP-11/94) actually contained QBUS processors with a QBUS<->UNIBUS adapter board.

Towards the end of its life, there were several microcomputer implementations of the PDP-11, as chips.

It could run a variety of operating systems. Many were produced by DEC themselves, but several were produced by third-parties. (It was the machine which made UNIX widely known and popular, with UNIX Sixth Edition.) Often DEC would purchase or re-brand such an OS and re-sell it as their own product; for example, UNIX sold as Ultrix by DEC.

After DEC discontinued production of PDP-11's, the line was sold to Mentec, who produced a few newer models.

Operating Systems

Unix based Operating Systems

These are the original Bell Laboratories releases of Unix; the first 4 were only internal to Bell, the Fifth saw limited distribution outside it, and the Sixth took over the world.

This was the first shipping Unix distro by AT&T. It only supported the PDP-11 and VAX computers.

This version was a port of the 4.3 feature set to the PDP-11. Although considered impossible by many, it accomplished this by using overlays for portions of the kernel, and to allow for user programs larger then 64kb.

This version is still supported, and if one really felt the need to load a Unix for use on a PDP-11 this would be the best fit. It has support for TCP/IP, large memory space and is the best UNIX experence one can get going to get on a 16-bit mini.

Other OS's

Technically also an OS is XXDP, which is an 'overseer' for running the PDP-11 diagnostics produced/provided by DEC.

PDP-11 Models and notes

Model Introduced Bus Type Addressing Notes Speed (VUPS)
11/20 1969[1] UNIBUS 16-bit
11/05 1972 UNIBUS 16-bit OEM model
11/10[*] 1972 UNIBUS 16-bit
11/15 1972 UNIBUS 16-bit OEM model
11/35 1973 UNIBUS 18-bit OEM model
11/40 1973 UNIBUS 18-bit
11/45 1973 UNIBUS 18-bit core memory
11/50 1975 UNIBUS 18-bit MOS memory
11/55 1976 UNIBUS 18-bit fast bipolar memory
11/70 1975 UNIBUS 22-bit 0.6
11/03 1975 QBUS 16-bit first QBUS model 0.5
11/04 1976 UNIBUS 16-bit 0.11
11/34 1976 UNIBUS 18-bit 0.21
11/60 1977 UNIBUS 18-bit writable control store
11/23 1979 QBUS 18-bit or 22-bit first F-11 0.12
11/24 1979 UNIBUS 22-bit only UNIBUS model to use F-11 chip 0.18
11/44 1979 UNIBUS 22-bit last non-LSI PDP-11 0.42
11/23+ 1981 Nov QBUS 22-bit 0.18
11/73 1983 QBUS 22-bit first J-11 machine, 15MHz, integrated FPU, also first PMI PDP-11 0.45
11/53 1984 QBUS 22-bit S-box or standard QBUS, integrated FPU, 768KiW memory 0.29
11/83 1988 QBUS 22-bit J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU 0.72
11/84 1988 UNIBUS 22-bit J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU 0.72
11/93 1990 QBUS 22-bit J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU, 2MiW onboard memory 1.0
11/94 1990 UNIBUS 22-bit J-11 at 18MHz, integrated FPU, 2MiW onboard memory 1.0

[*]The name PDP-11/10 was recycled by DEC from an earlier KA11 CPU-based 11/10 from 1969, or at least it existed in advertisements[1]

See also

External links

References