PDP-4
| PDP-4 | |
| Manufacturer: | DEC |
|---|---|
| Year Introduced: | 1962 |
| Form Factor: | minicomputer |
| Word Size: | 18 bits |
| Logic Type: | germanium transistor System Modules |
| Memory Speed: | 2 μsec (access time) 8 μsec (read/write cycle time) |
| Physical Address Size: | 15 bits (32K words - requires Type 16 Memory Extension Control) |
| Virtual Address Size: | 13 bits |
| Predecessor(s): | PDP-1 |
| Successor(s): | PDP-7 |
| Price: | US$65K |
The PDP-4 was a minicomputer produced by Digital Equipment Corporation; DEC's second production computer, and another 18-bit machine, like its predecessor, the PDP-1. It too had a load-store architecture, with a single accumulator and a directly-accessible link (carry) bit. Introduced in 1962, it was originally intended principally for process control applications; approximately 54 were sold.
The instruction set, although similar to that of the PDP-1, was simplified; removing less-used complexity allowed it to be physically smaller (less than half the size) and cheaper (roughly half the cost) than its predecessor. PDP-1 main memory and peripherals could be used on the PDP-4, though.
The PDP-4A included 1KW of core main memory; the PDP-4B had 4KW, but was otherwise identical. A Type 17 (later Type 134) Core Memory Module added another 4KW to a PDP-4B; after that, a Type 16 Core Memory Extension Control allowed use of up to three additional 8KW Type 135 Core Memory Modules.
The optional Type 18 (later Type 22) Extended Arithmetic Element added 23 instructions to facilitate high speed multiplication, division, normalization and shifting. "The EAE contains an 18-bit register, the Multiplier Quotient (MQ); a 6-bit register, the Step Counter (SC); and a 3-bit Instruction Register."
Standard peripherals included a paper tape reader. Optional peripherals included a terminal (a Teletype Model 28), several different graphics displays, a light pen, line printer, paper tape punch, punched card reader and punch, and magnetic tape controller and drives. The Type 24 Magnetic Drum System could hold either 16KW, 32KW or 64KW of secondary storage.
Technical details
The instruction format consisted of a 4-bit basic operation code, a 1-bit indirect address bit, and a 13-bit memory address. The augmented instructions all share an operation code. In them, the address field is not used for an address; instead, each bit of the field can specify a separate operation, and generally more than one bit can be set at a time (except for most of the skip operations). The Program Counter is also 13 bits long.
The PDP-4 supported both one's complement and two's complement number representations; the latter was better for extended precision calculations.
It was constructed out of 4000-Series System Modules, which used germanium transistors.
Further reading
- C. Gordon Bell, J. Craig Mudge, John. E. McNamara, "Computer Engineering: A DEC View of Hardware Systems Design" (Digital Press, Bedford, 1978) - The PDP-4 is covered in Chapter 6
- "PDP-4 Manual", F-45, Digital Equipment Corporation, 1962
External links
- PDP-4 - Original PDP-4 documents
