Difference between revisions of "PDP-9"
(microcode details) |
(microcode details) |
||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
Its principal intended use was for [[real-time system]]s, including data recording and process control. A variety of models were offered; the basic system provided 8K words of [[core memory]], and the PDP-9/L was a cost-reduced system with cheaper peripherals and 4KW of memory. | Its principal intended use was for [[real-time system]]s, including data recording and process control. A variety of models were offered; the basic system provided 8K words of [[core memory]], and the PDP-9/L was a cost-reduced system with cheaper peripherals and 4KW of memory. | ||
| − | [[Instruction]]s had a 4-bit opcode, 1 bit of indirect, and 13 bits of address. It was a [[load-store architecture]], with a single [[accumulator]]. | + | [[Instruction]]s had a 4-bit opcode, 1 bit of indirect, and 13 bits of address. It was a [[load-store architecture]], with a single [[accumulator]]. For the high-speed [[read-only memory|ROM]] needed for a microcoded design, it used hard-wired [[core memory]], similar to that in the [[Apollo Guidance Computer]]. [[Microinstruction]]s were 36 bits wide, of which 6 were the 'control memory address', the [[address]] of the next one; there was no micro-[[Program Counter|PC]]. Conditional micro-branching was available by modifying the CMA during that microinstruction. |
| − | Multiply/divide was a hardware option, the KE09A [[Extended Arithmetic Element]], which also performed shifting. Use of more than 8KW of [[main memory]] required the Memory Extension Control, KG09A. A [[memory management]] option, the KX09A, which included a boundary [[register]] to set the boundary between protected and un-protected memory, and two modes for the CPU, was also available. | + | Multiply/divide was a hardware option, the KE09A [[Extended Arithmetic Element]], which also performed shifting. Use of more than 8KW of [[main memory]] (all core in the PDP-9) required the Memory Extension Control, KG09A. A [[memory management]] option, the KX09A, which included a boundary [[register]] to set the boundary between protected and un-protected memory, and two modes for the CPU, was also available. |
The KF09A Automatic Priority Interrupt option provided 8 levels of [[interrupt]] priority, each of which could support up to 8 [[peripheral|devices]]. Each device could provide its own [[interrupt vector]]. The DM09 [[Direct Memory Access]] Channel Multiplexor Adapter provided high-speed devices with direct access to main memory for data transfers. | The KF09A Automatic Priority Interrupt option provided 8 levels of [[interrupt]] priority, each of which could support up to 8 [[peripheral|devices]]. Each device could provide its own [[interrupt vector]]. The DM09 [[Direct Memory Access]] Channel Multiplexor Adapter provided high-speed devices with direct access to main memory for data transfers. | ||
Revision as of 14:10, 5 May 2021
| PDP-9 | |
| Manufacturer: | Digital Equipment Corporation |
|---|---|
| Year First Shipped: | 1966 |
| Form Factor: | minicomputer |
| Word Size: | 18 bits |
| Logic Type: | PNP Transistor FLIP CHIPs |
| Design Type: | microcoded |
| Memory Speed: | 1 μsec |
| Physical Address Size: | 15 bits (32K words) |
| Virtual Address Size: | 13 bits (direct), 15 bits (extended) |
| Memory Management: | bounds register |
| Predecessor(s): | PDP-7 |
| Successor(s): | PDP-15 |
| Price: | US$30K (8KW system) |
The PDP-9 was DEC's fourth 18-bit computer, and the first DEC CPU to use microcode. A little over 400 were built.
Its principal intended use was for real-time systems, including data recording and process control. A variety of models were offered; the basic system provided 8K words of core memory, and the PDP-9/L was a cost-reduced system with cheaper peripherals and 4KW of memory.
Instructions had a 4-bit opcode, 1 bit of indirect, and 13 bits of address. It was a load-store architecture, with a single accumulator. For the high-speed ROM needed for a microcoded design, it used hard-wired core memory, similar to that in the Apollo Guidance Computer. Microinstructions were 36 bits wide, of which 6 were the 'control memory address', the address of the next one; there was no micro-PC. Conditional micro-branching was available by modifying the CMA during that microinstruction.
Multiply/divide was a hardware option, the KE09A Extended Arithmetic Element, which also performed shifting. Use of more than 8KW of main memory (all core in the PDP-9) required the Memory Extension Control, KG09A. A memory management option, the KX09A, which included a boundary register to set the boundary between protected and un-protected memory, and two modes for the CPU, was also available.
The KF09A Automatic Priority Interrupt option provided 8 levels of interrupt priority, each of which could support up to 8 devices. Each device could provide its own interrupt vector. The DM09 Direct Memory Access Channel Multiplexor Adapter provided high-speed devices with direct access to main memory for data transfers.
A large range of peripherals were available, including DECtape (via the TC02 controller), magnetic tape (via the TC59), drum (RM09 controller) and fixed-head disk (RB09; and RS09, via the RF09 controller). The RM09 and RB09 use the DM09.
Further reading
(All available online through BitSavers.)
External links
- PDP-9 - Has manuals for KE09, KG09, KX09, KF09, etc
