Difference between revisions of "UNIX"
(New page: Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Den...) |
m (→External links: +Unix and Multics) |
||
(30 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | + | {{Infobox OS | |
− | + | | name = UNIX | |
− | {{Infobox | ||
− | | name = | ||
| creator = Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy at Bell Labs | | creator = Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy at Bell Labs | ||
| year introduced = 1969 | | year introduced = 1969 | ||
− | | | + | | architecture = Originally [[PDP-7]], then [[PDP-11 architecture|PDP-11]]; now cross-platform. |
− | | type = [[ | + | | type = [[Time-sharing]] |
+ | | multitasking = [[Multi-tasking]] with [[swapping]]/[[virtual memory|paging]] (latter added in a later version) | ||
}} | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Unix''' (officially trademarked as '''UNIX'''® - the documentation switched from using 'UNIX' to 'Unix' as of [[Unix Seventh Edition|V7]]) is a computer [[operating system]] originally developed in the 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including [[Ken Thompson]], [[Dennis Ritchie]] and [[Douglas McIlroy]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit organizations. A number of clones of Unix, which share the interfaces, and 'look and feel', but no code, have also been produced; most notably, [[Linux]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Notable versions== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Versions of relevance for hobbyists include (note that 'Version' in early UNIXes refers to the revision of the 'UNIX Programmer's Manual'; UNIX didn't really have coordinated [[distro]]s before about V6): | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[PDP-7 Unix|Unix "version 0"]] for [[PDP-7]] | ||
+ | * [[UNIX First Edition|UNIX V1]] - The first version of UNIX that has been recently made to run on the [[PDP-11]] | ||
+ | * [[UNIX Third Edition|UNIX V3]] - The first version with [[pipe]]s | ||
+ | * [[UNIX Fourth Edition|UNIX V4]] - The first version with the [[kernel]] written in [[C programming language|C]] | ||
+ | * [[UNIX Fifth Edition|UNIX V5]] - The first version with complete source and binaries available | ||
+ | * [[UNIX Sixth Edition|UNIX V6]] - The first widely distributed version; the last before branches started to appear | ||
+ | * [[Unix Seventh Edition|Unix V7]] - One of the most complete, and the last generally available and [[PDP-11]] version of Research UNIX | ||
+ | * [[Unix/32V]] - A [[software port|port]] of Seventh Edition to the [[VAX-11/780]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Unix then went commercial and was sold, in a number of releases. (Below is an early ad for AT&T UNIX.) | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[Unix SYSIII]] | ||
+ | * [[Unix SYSV]] | ||
+ | * [[Unix SYSVr2]] | ||
+ | * [[Unix SYSVr3]] | ||
+ | * [[Unix SYSVr4]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:Att842unixcomp.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Unix ad]] | ||
+ | <br clear=all> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == CSRG releases == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Meanwhile the [[Computer Systems Research Group]] kept on releasing newer [[BSD]] UNIX's, mostly for the [[VAX]], derived from 32V. These had wide distribution, and tremendous impact; they were a major step in UNIX's road to its current ubiguity. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Descended from there are several popular versions: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://www.freebsd.org FreeBSD] focuses on providing a system geared towards a single user. | ||
+ | * [http://www.netbsd.org NetBSD] will run on a variety of 32-bit older systems from the VAX to the [[Amiga]]. | ||
+ | * [http://www.openbsd.org OpenBSD] derived from the NetBSD project will run on all kinds of systems. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==See also== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[:Category:Unix OS's|Unix OS's]] | ||
+ | * [[:Category:Unix-based OS's|Unix-based OS's]] | ||
+ | * [[UNIX file system]] | ||
+ | * [[BSD Fast File System]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==External links== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://www.tuhs.org/ The Unix Heritage Society] | ||
+ | ** [https://minnie.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl The Unix Tree] - Complete source for many early versions of Unix | ||
+ | * [https://wiki.tuhs.org/doku.php?id=start The Unix Heritage Wiki] | ||
+ | * [https://www.princeton.edu/~hos/Mahoney/unixhistory An Oral History of Unix] - Lengthy interviews with Thompson, Ritchie, McIlroy, etc | ||
+ | * [https://multicians.org/unix.html Unix and Multics] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Fun links=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://vrici.lojban.org/~cowan/upc/ The Unix Power Classic: A book about the Unix Way and its power] - Hacker-oriented version of the Dao De Jing | ||
+ | * [http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/unix-koans/ Rootless Root: The Unix Koans of Master Foo] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Nav Unix}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category: Operating Systems]] | ||
+ | [[Category: UNIX]] |
Revision as of 04:55, 27 June 2022
UNIX | |
Type: | Time-sharing |
---|---|
Creator: | Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy at Bell Labs |
Multitasking: | Multi-tasking with swapping/paging (latter added in a later version) |
Architecture: | Originally PDP-7, then PDP-11; now cross-platform. |
Date Released: | 1969 |
Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX® - the documentation switched from using 'UNIX' to 'Unix' as of V7) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy.
Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit organizations. A number of clones of Unix, which share the interfaces, and 'look and feel', but no code, have also been produced; most notably, Linux.
Notable versions
Versions of relevance for hobbyists include (note that 'Version' in early UNIXes refers to the revision of the 'UNIX Programmer's Manual'; UNIX didn't really have coordinated distros before about V6):
- Unix "version 0" for PDP-7
- UNIX V1 - The first version of UNIX that has been recently made to run on the PDP-11
- UNIX V3 - The first version with pipes
- UNIX V4 - The first version with the kernel written in C
- UNIX V5 - The first version with complete source and binaries available
- UNIX V6 - The first widely distributed version; the last before branches started to appear
- Unix V7 - One of the most complete, and the last generally available and PDP-11 version of Research UNIX
- Unix/32V - A port of Seventh Edition to the VAX-11/780
Unix then went commercial and was sold, in a number of releases. (Below is an early ad for AT&T UNIX.)
CSRG releases
Meanwhile the Computer Systems Research Group kept on releasing newer BSD UNIX's, mostly for the VAX, derived from 32V. These had wide distribution, and tremendous impact; they were a major step in UNIX's road to its current ubiguity.
Descended from there are several popular versions:
- FreeBSD focuses on providing a system geared towards a single user.
- NetBSD will run on a variety of 32-bit older systems from the VAX to the Amiga.
- OpenBSD derived from the NetBSD project will run on all kinds of systems.
See also
External links
- The Unix Heritage Society
- The Unix Tree - Complete source for many early versions of Unix
- The Unix Heritage Wiki
- An Oral History of Unix - Lengthy interviews with Thompson, Ritchie, McIlroy, etc
- Unix and Multics
Fun links
- The Unix Power Classic: A book about the Unix Way and its power - Hacker-oriented version of the Dao De Jing
- Rootless Root: The Unix Koans of Master Foo
v • d • e UNIX Versions, Vendors and Related |
---|
Research Unix PDP-7 UNIX • V1 • V2 • V3 • V4 • V5 • V6 • V7 • V8 • V9 • V10 • LSX • MINI-UNIX • Unix/32V
AT&T - CB-UNIX • PWB/UNIX • USG UNIX • System III • System IV • System V BSD - 2.9 BSD • 2.10 BSD • 2.11 BSD • 3BSD • 4BSD • 4.1 BSD • 4.2 BSD • 4.3 BSD • 4.4 BSD BSD Descendants 386BSD • NetBSD • OpenBSD • FreeBSD • NeXTSTEP • Darwin Other - xv6 • AMIX • SunOS • Solaris • ULTRIX • A/UX • XENIX • AIX • Dell UNIX |