Difference between revisions of "Macintosh"

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One of the common definitions of "retrocomputing" is "more than 10 years old", such as used by the http://classiccmp.org mailing list.  For Macs, that happens to pretty much perfectly fit the line of "Old World" / "New World".  That is, pre-iMac and post-iMac.  Of interest to hobbyists includes, especially, the compact Macs and the Mac II line, though as time goes on, early PowerPC Macs may qualify as "historical computing".  Early Macs are certainly often the first computers many younger people today encountered and have great sentimental value for many people.
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The '''Macintosh''' from [[Apple]] was the first successful mass-produced machine to introduce a [[graphical user interface]] as the primary interface. (The predecessor product from Apple, the [[Apple Lisa]], pioneered much of the software later used on the Mac, but was too expensive to be a success.)
  
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== Systems ==
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= Systems =
  
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=== Compact Macs ===
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There were various models introduced as styles and needs changed through the lifespan of the 'classic' Macintosh.  On this wiki we are going to stick to the [[Motorola M68000 Family]] versions, and the old world, 1st generation [[PowerPC]] Macintoshes.
  
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=== Macintosh II ===
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The 128k was introduced in 1984; it was famous at the time for the Ridley Scott ad that was only shown once on TV (at the Superbowl).
  
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The Macintosh II series...
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== Compact Macs ==
  
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== MacOS ==
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The original compact Macs had 68000 CPUs and anywhere from 128KB of RAM up to 4MB, and a monochrome display.  The Mac Plus introduced [[SCSI]], however it was for external devices. 
  
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Classic 68k and PowerPC Macs are notable not so much for their hardware (though they tended to be more sophisticated and use higher-end components than other personal computers of their eras), but their for their operating system, MacOS, Macintosh System Software... it goes by a few names.
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Later models included a 68030 CPU, and a color display.
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<p>
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*Mac 128k
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*Mac 512k (aka "FatMac")
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*Mac Plus
  
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== Emulation ==
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== Macintosh II ==
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[[Image:Macintoshii.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A Macintosh II]]
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The Macintosh II series all had a 68020 or better CPU and ran  System 4 through 7.5 depending on model.  [[A/UX]] was available as an additional OS.  Macintosh II's can also run [[NetBSD]].
  
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Today, both 68k and PowerPC macs, as well as right up to the latest versions of OS X are all emulate-able, with varying degrees of ease.  We'll concentrate on emulating "old world" Power PC and Motorola 68k based Macs here.
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The Mac II's were expandable unlike the first generation Macintoshes with NuBUS slots, and some models even had PDS (processor direct) slots.  All models featured a SCSI bus, and they all had the ability to display color.
  
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=== Basilisk II ===
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Macintosh II's with an appropriate CPU/MMU combination can run NetBSD or A/UX.
  
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Basilisk II is the ''de facto'' official emulator of the MacOS 68k environment.  It's important to note that the emulator is highly customized toward running MacOS inside it, and will not handle AU/X or modern UNIXes written for 68k Macs.  See the Wikipedia article for more information.  Guides and compatibility tables and so on will be posted here later.  
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== Quadra ==
 +
The Quadras all featured 68040 CPUs and featured desktops, LC's and server models.  These were the last models to feature the 68000 CISC CPU.
 +
 
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The first Quadras were the [[Quadra 700]] and [[Quadra 900]] which were released in 1991.
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Later models include:
 +
 
 +
*[[Quadra 950]]
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*[[Quadra 800]]
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*[[Quadra 660av]]
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*[[Quadra 840av]]
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*[[Quadra 605]]
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*[[Quadra 610]]
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*[[Quadra 650]]
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*[[Quadra 630]]
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== PowerMac ==
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These were the first Macintoshes to feature a PowerPC CPU, starting with the PPC601, and going up to the 603.  There were attempts at making them Prep/Chrp compliant however they never did run any 'standard' prep/chrp OS's. 
 +
 
 +
= MacOS =
 +
 
 +
Classic 68k and PowerPC Macs are notable not so much for their hardware (though they tended to be more sophisticated and use higher-end components than other personal computers of their eras), but for their operating system, MacOS, Macintosh System Software... it goes by a few names.
 +
 
 +
A few notes for anyone trying to get an old Macintosh running.
 +
 
 +
The SCSI partitioning tool that comes with all versions of MacOS will REFUSE to partition a NON Apple hard disk.  There is a hack to alter the tool so it will, or the easier way out is to use the install diskettes from [[A/UX]].
 +
 
 +
A great resource for boot floppies can be found [http://home.earthlink.net/~gamba2/bootdisks.html here].  I used them to get a PowerMac 5400 back into action.
 +
 
 +
= Emulation =
 +
 
 +
Today, both 68k and PowerPC Macs, as well as right up to the latest versions of OS X are all emulate-able, with varying degrees of ease.  We'll concentrate on emulating "old world" Power PC and Motorola 68k based Macs here.
 +
 
 +
== Mini vMac ==
 +
 
 +
[[Mini vMac]] primarily emulates the old Macintosh Plus.  It's 68000 only, and really suited for MacOS 1.x - 6.x, although 7 can run, it's not very useful in a maximum of 4MB of RAM.  There is a development branch which emulates the [[Macintosh II]].
 +
 
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_vMac
 +
 
 +
== Basilisk II ==
 +
 
 +
[[Basilisk II]] is the ''de facto'' official emulator of the MacOS 68k environment.  It's important to note that the emulator is highly customized toward running MacOS inside it, and will not handle AU/X or modern UNIXes written for 68k Macs.  See the Wikipedia article for more information.  Guides and compatibility tables and so on will be posted here later.  
  
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilisk_II
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilisk_II
  
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=== SheepShaver ===
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== Cockatrice III ==
 +
 
 +
[[Cockatrice III]] is an attempt to stabilize Basilisk II by turning to a much older version, and rebasing everything off of the generic drivers.  I've been more focused on networking by adding [[libpcap]] and [[SLiRP]] support.  While not as feature rich, it does networking tasks much more stabler than the newer versions of Basilisk II.
 +
 
 +
== Shoebill ==
 +
 
 +
[[Shoebill]] is a specialized Mac II emulator for running A/UX.  The [https://github.com/pruten/shoebill main project page] provides more up to date information.
 +
 
 +
== SheepShaver ==
 +
 
 +
[[SheepShaver]] emulates the first generation PowerPC Macintosh models.  Please note that SheepShaver will *NOT* run OS X.  SheepShaver is good for emulating OS 8 & 9, for those that still need it.
  
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SheepShaver
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SheepShaver
  
 +
== PearPC ==
 +
 +
[[PearPC]] is a 'new world' PowerPC emulator that is capable of running OS X.  Keep in mind that it is VERY slow, sometimes upwards of a factor of 40x slower per clock than with a PowerPC (a 2Ghz p4 performs like a 40Mhz PowerPC...)
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==External links==
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* [https://bitsavers.org/pdf/apple/mac/ mac] - documentation at [[Bitsavers]]
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** [https://bitsavers.org/pdf/apple/mac/The_Macintosh_Project_Selected_Papers_Feb80.pdf The Macintosh Project - Selected Papers]
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* [https://www.folklore.org/ProjectView.py?project=Macintosh The Original Macintosh] - anecdotes about the development of the original Macintosh, and the people who made it
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** [https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_Father_of_The_Macintosh.txt The Father of The Macintosh] - Who is the father of the Macintosh?
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** [https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Five_Different_Macs.txt Five Different Macintoshes] - Burrell actually designed 5 different Macintoshes
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** [https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=PC_Board_Esthetics.txt PC Board Esthetics] - Jobs is concerned with the esthetics of the PC board
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** [https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Signing_Party.txt Signing Party] - the artists sign their work
  
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[[Category:Computers]]
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[[Category: Apple Computers]]

Latest revision as of 20:06, 4 October 2023

The Macintosh from Apple was the first successful mass-produced machine to introduce a graphical user interface as the primary interface. (The predecessor product from Apple, the Apple Lisa, pioneered much of the software later used on the Mac, but was too expensive to be a success.)

Systems

There were various models introduced as styles and needs changed through the lifespan of the 'classic' Macintosh. On this wiki we are going to stick to the Motorola M68000 Family versions, and the old world, 1st generation PowerPC Macintoshes.

The 128k was introduced in 1984; it was famous at the time for the Ridley Scott ad that was only shown once on TV (at the Superbowl).

Compact Macs

The original compact Macs had 68000 CPUs and anywhere from 128KB of RAM up to 4MB, and a monochrome display. The Mac Plus introduced SCSI, however it was for external devices.

Later models included a 68030 CPU, and a color display.

  • Mac 128k
  • Mac 512k (aka "FatMac")
  • Mac Plus

Macintosh II

A Macintosh II

The Macintosh II series all had a 68020 or better CPU and ran System 4 through 7.5 depending on model. A/UX was available as an additional OS. Macintosh II's can also run NetBSD.

The Mac II's were expandable unlike the first generation Macintoshes with NuBUS slots, and some models even had PDS (processor direct) slots. All models featured a SCSI bus, and they all had the ability to display color.

Macintosh II's with an appropriate CPU/MMU combination can run NetBSD or A/UX.

Quadra

The Quadras all featured 68040 CPUs and featured desktops, LC's and server models. These were the last models to feature the 68000 CISC CPU.

The first Quadras were the Quadra 700 and Quadra 900 which were released in 1991.

Later models include:

PowerMac

These were the first Macintoshes to feature a PowerPC CPU, starting with the PPC601, and going up to the 603. There were attempts at making them Prep/Chrp compliant however they never did run any 'standard' prep/chrp OS's.

MacOS

Classic 68k and PowerPC Macs are notable not so much for their hardware (though they tended to be more sophisticated and use higher-end components than other personal computers of their eras), but for their operating system, MacOS, Macintosh System Software... it goes by a few names.

A few notes for anyone trying to get an old Macintosh running.

The SCSI partitioning tool that comes with all versions of MacOS will REFUSE to partition a NON Apple hard disk. There is a hack to alter the tool so it will, or the easier way out is to use the install diskettes from A/UX.

A great resource for boot floppies can be found here. I used them to get a PowerMac 5400 back into action.

Emulation

Today, both 68k and PowerPC Macs, as well as right up to the latest versions of OS X are all emulate-able, with varying degrees of ease. We'll concentrate on emulating "old world" Power PC and Motorola 68k based Macs here.

Mini vMac

Mini vMac primarily emulates the old Macintosh Plus. It's 68000 only, and really suited for MacOS 1.x - 6.x, although 7 can run, it's not very useful in a maximum of 4MB of RAM. There is a development branch which emulates the Macintosh II.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_vMac

Basilisk II

Basilisk II is the de facto official emulator of the MacOS 68k environment. It's important to note that the emulator is highly customized toward running MacOS inside it, and will not handle AU/X or modern UNIXes written for 68k Macs. See the Wikipedia article for more information. Guides and compatibility tables and so on will be posted here later.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilisk_II

Cockatrice III

Cockatrice III is an attempt to stabilize Basilisk II by turning to a much older version, and rebasing everything off of the generic drivers. I've been more focused on networking by adding libpcap and SLiRP support. While not as feature rich, it does networking tasks much more stabler than the newer versions of Basilisk II.

Shoebill

Shoebill is a specialized Mac II emulator for running A/UX. The main project page provides more up to date information.

SheepShaver

SheepShaver emulates the first generation PowerPC Macintosh models. Please note that SheepShaver will *NOT* run OS X. SheepShaver is good for emulating OS 8 & 9, for those that still need it.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SheepShaver

PearPC

PearPC is a 'new world' PowerPC emulator that is capable of running OS X. Keep in mind that it is VERY slow, sometimes upwards of a factor of 40x slower per clock than with a PowerPC (a 2Ghz p4 performs like a 40Mhz PowerPC...)

External links

Retrieved from "https://gunkies.org/w/index.php?title=Macintosh&oldid=31712"