Difference between revisions of "Central Processing Unit"
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| − | The '''Central Processing Unit''', usually abbreviated as '''CPU''', or simply called a '''processor''', is the 'brain' of a computer - the unit which controls the operation of the entire computer, by reading [[instruction]]s from [[main memory]] and executing them. | + | The '''Central Processing Unit''', usually abbreviated as '''CPU''', or simply called a '''processor''', is the 'brain' of a computer - the unit which controls the operation of the entire computer, by reading [[instruction]]s from [[main memory]] and [[execute|executing]] them. |
| − | Instructions include data-handling instructions (such as arithmetic and logical operations), and control instructions (such as | + | Instructions include data-handling instructions (such as arithmetic and logical operations), and control instructions (such as [[jump]]s, both [[conditional branch|conditional]] and un-conditional). |
The CPU will contain an [[arithmetic logic unit|ALU]], which is where any computation (arthmetical or logical) is performed. The CPU also usually contains a number of [[register]]s (storage for data inside the CPU, instead of in the main memory). | The CPU will contain an [[arithmetic logic unit|ALU]], which is where any computation (arthmetical or logical) is performed. The CPU also usually contains a number of [[register]]s (storage for data inside the CPU, instead of in the main memory). | ||
| − | One special register, the [[Program Counter]], indicates where the current/next instruction is to be | + | One special register, the [[Program Counter]], indicates where the current/next instruction is to be [[fetch]]ed from (although there were early computers which kept this information in a specific location in main memory). CPUs also typically include registers for holding data which is being worked on: early computers often had only one, called the 'accumulator'; and there have been computers without any such data registers. |
| − | Finally, CPUs usually contain means for controlling the | + | Finally, CPUs usually contain means for controlling the [[peripheral]]s attached to the computer; reading data from, and writing data to, them. |
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| + | [[Category: Basics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:14, 5 November 2023
The Central Processing Unit, usually abbreviated as CPU, or simply called a processor, is the 'brain' of a computer - the unit which controls the operation of the entire computer, by reading instructions from main memory and executing them.
Instructions include data-handling instructions (such as arithmetic and logical operations), and control instructions (such as jumps, both conditional and un-conditional).
The CPU will contain an ALU, which is where any computation (arthmetical or logical) is performed. The CPU also usually contains a number of registers (storage for data inside the CPU, instead of in the main memory).
One special register, the Program Counter, indicates where the current/next instruction is to be fetched from (although there were early computers which kept this information in a specific location in main memory). CPUs also typically include registers for holding data which is being worked on: early computers often had only one, called the 'accumulator'; and there have been computers without any such data registers.
Finally, CPUs usually contain means for controlling the peripherals attached to the computer; reading data from, and writing data to, them.
