Read-only memory

ROM is simply Read Only Memory.

Unlike RAM, ROMs cannot be written to. ROMs are also typically slower than RAM.

ROMs come in several flavors:

PROM

PROMs can be programmed ONCE then read many times. If there are any mistakes in the PROM code, the entire chip must be discarded. While PROMs can be read in a normal board, they need to be programmed in a special device.

EPROM

EPROMs can be erased after they have been programmed. Normally there is a small window in the chip in which exposure to UV light will erase the EPROMs programming. EPROMs need to be programmed in a special programmer.

EEPROM

EEPROMS can be erased electronically, and reprogrammed through the application of higher than normal voltage. In modern EEPROMS this is generated internally. Unlike EPROMs EEPROMS can be rewritten in-circuit.