32v 1m make

MAKE(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual MAKE(1)

NAME

    make - maintain program groups

SYNOPSIS

    make [ -f makefile ] [ option ] ...  file ...

DESCRIPTION

    _M_a_k_e executes commands in _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e to update one or more
    target _n_a_m_e_s.  _N_a_m_e is typically a program.  If no -f option
    is present, `makefile' and `Makefile' are tried in order.
    If _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e is `-', the standard input is taken.  More than
    one -f option may appear

    _M_a_k_e updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files
    that have been modified since the target was last modified,
    or if the target does not exist.

    _M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e contains a sequence of entries that specify depen-
    dencies.  The first line of an entry is a blank-separated
    list of targets, then a colon, then a list of prerequisite
    files.  Text following a semicolon, and all following lines
    that begin with a tab, are shell commands to be executed to
    update the target.

    Sharp and newline surround comments.

    The following makefile says that `pgm' depends on two files
    `a.o' and `b.o', and that they in turn depend on `.c' files
    and a common file `incl'.

         pgm: a.o b.o
              cc a.o b.o -lm -o pgm
         a.o: incl a.c
              cc -c a.c
         b.o: incl b.c
              cc -c b.c

    _M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e entries of the form

         string1 = string2

    are macro definitions.  Subsequent appearances of $(_s_t_r_i_n_g_1)
    are replaced by _s_t_r_i_n_g_2.  If _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 is a single character,
    the parentheses are optional.

    _M_a_k_e infers prerequisites for files for which _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e gives
    no construction commands.  For example, a `.c' file may be
    inferred as prerequisite for a `.o' file and be compiled to
    produce the `.o' file.  Thus the preceding example can be
    done more briefly:

         pgm: a.o b.o
              cc a.o b.o -lm -o pgm
         a.o b.o: incl

    Prerequisites are inferred according to selected suffixes
    listed as the `prerequisites' for the special name `.SUF-
    FIXES'; multiple lists accumulate; an empty list clears what
    came before.  Order is significant; the first possible name
    for which both a file and a rule as described in the next
    paragraph exist is inferred.  The default list is

         .SUFFIXES: .out .o .c .e .r .f .y .l .s

    The rule to create a file with suffix _s_2 that depends on a
    similarly named file with suffix _s_1 is specified as an entry
    for the `target' _s_1_s_2.  In such an entry, the special macro
    $* stands for the target name with suffix deleted, $@ for
    the full target name, $< for the complete list of prere-
    quisites, and $? for the list of prerequisites that are out
    of date.  For example, a rule for making optimized `.o'
    files from `.c' files is

         .c.o: ; cc -c -O -o $@ $*.c

    Certain macros are used by the default inference rules to
    communicate optional arguments to any resulting compila-
    tions.  In particular, `CFLAGS' is used for _c_c and _f_7_7(1)
    options, `LFLAGS' and `YFLAGS' for _l_e_x and _y_a_c_c(1) options.

    Command lines are executed one at a time, each by its own
    shell.  A line is printed when it is executed unless the
    special target `.SILENT' is in _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e, or the first char-
    acter of the command is `@'.

    Commands returning nonzero status (see _i_n_t_r_o(1)) cause _m_a_k_e
    to terminate unless the special target `.IGNORE' is in
    _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e or the command begins with <tab><hyphen>.

    Interrupt and quit cause the target to be deleted unless the
    target depends on the special name `.PRECIOUS'.

    Other options:

    -i   Equivalent to the special entry `.IGNORE:'.

    -k   When a command returns nonzero status, abandon work on
         the current entry, but continue on branches that do not
         depend on the current entry.

    -n   Trace and print, but do not execute the commands needed
         to update the targets.

    -t   Touch, i.e. update the modified date of targets,
         without executing any commands.

    -r   Equivalent to an initial special entry `.SUFFIXES:'
         with no list.

    -s   Equivalent to the special entry `.SILENT:'.

FILES

    makefile, Makefile

SEE ALSO

    sh(1), touch(1)
    S. I. Feldman _M_a_k_e - _A _P_r_o_g_r_a_m _f_o_r _M_a_i_n_t_a_i_n_i_n_g _C_o_m_p_u_t_e_r _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_s

BUGS

    Some commands return nonzero status inappropriately.  Use -i
    to overcome the difficulty.
    Commands that are directly executed by the shell, notably
    _c_d(1), are ineffectual across newlines in _m_a_k_e.