32v 1m dc

DC(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual DC(1)

NAME

    dc - desk calculator

SYNOPSIS

    dc [ file ]

DESCRIPTION

    _D_c is an arbitrary precision arithmetic package.  Ordinarily
    it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify an
    input base, output base, and a number of fractional digits
    to be maintained.  The overall structure of _d_c is a stacking
    (reverse Polish) calculator.  If an argument is given, input
    is taken from that file until its end, then from the stan-
    dard input.  The following constructions are recognized:

    number
          The value of the number is pushed on the stack.  A
          number is an unbroken string of the digits 0-9.  It
          may be preceded by an underscore _ to input a negative
          number.  Numbers may contain decimal points.

    +  - /  *  %  ^
          The top two values on the stack are added (+), sub-
          tracted (-), multiplied (*), divided (/), remaindered
          (%), or exponentiated (^).  The two entries are popped
          off the stack; the result is pushed on the stack in
          their place.  Any fractional part of an exponent is
          ignored.

    s_x    The top of the stack is popped and stored into a
          register named _x, where _x may be any character.  If
          the s is capitalized, _x is treated as a stack and the
          value is pushed on it.

    l_x    The value in register _x is pushed on the stack.  The
          register _x is not altered.  All registers start with
          zero value.  If the l is capitalized, register _x is
          treated as a stack and its top value is popped onto
          the main stack.

    d     The top value on the stack is duplicated.

    p     The top value on the stack is printed.  The top value
          remains unchanged.  P interprets the top of the stack
          as an ascii string, removes it, and prints it.

    f     All values on the stack and in registers are printed.

    q     exits the program.  If executing a string, the recur-
          sion level is popped by two.  If q is capitalized, the
          top value on the stack is popped and the string execu-
          tion level is popped by that value.

    x     treats the top element of the stack as a character
          string and executes it as a string of dc commands.

    X     replaces the number on the top of the stack with its
          scale factor.

    [ ... ]
          puts the bracketed ascii string onto the top of the
          stack.

    <_x  >_x  =_x
          The top two elements of the stack are popped and com-
          pared.  Register _x is executed if they obey the stated
          relation.

    v     replaces the top element on the stack by its square
          root.  Any existing fractional part of the argument is
          taken into account, but otherwise the scale factor is
          ignored.

    !     interprets the rest of the line as a UNIX command.

    c     All values on the stack are popped.

    i     The top value on the stack is popped and used as the
          number radix for further input.  I pushes the input
          base on the top of the stack.

    o     The top value on the stack is popped and used as the
          number radix for further output.

    O     pushes the output base on the top of the stack.

    k     the top of the stack is popped, and that value is used
          as a non-negative scale factor: the appropriate number
          of places are printed on output, and maintained during
          multiplication, division, and exponentiation.  The
          interaction of scale factor, input base, and output
          base will be reasonable if all are changed together.

    z     The stack level is pushed onto the stack.

    Z     replaces the number on the top of the stack with its
          length.

    ?     A line of input is taken from the input source (usu-
          ally the terminal) and executed.

    ; :   are used by _b_c for array operations.

    An example which prints the first ten values of n! is

       [la1+dsa*pla10>y]sy
       0sa1
       lyx

SEE ALSO

    bc(1), which is a preprocessor for _d_c providing infix nota-
    tion and a C-like syntax which implements functions and rea-
    sonable control structures for programs.

DIAGNOSTICS

    `x is unimplemented' where x is an octal number.
    `stack empty' for not enough elements on the stack to do
    what was asked.
    `Out of space' when the free list is exhausted (too many
    digits).
    `Out of headers' for too many numbers being kept around.
    `Out of pushdown' for too many items on the stack.
    `Nesting Depth' for too many levels of nested execution.