32v 1m sed

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SED(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual SED(1)


NAME

    sed - stream editor

SYNOPSIS

    sed [ -n ] [ -e script ] [ -f sfile ] [ file ] ...

DESCRIPTION

    _S_e_d copies the named _f_i_l_e_s (standard input default) to the
    standard output, edited according to a script of commands.
    The -f option causes the script to be taken from file _s_f_i_l_e;
    these options accumulate.  If there is just one -e option
    and no -f's, the flag -e may be omitted.  The -n option
    suppresses the default output.
    A script consists of editing commands, one per line, of the
    following form:
         [address [, address] ] function [arguments]
    In normal operation _s_e_d cyclically copies a line of input
    into a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _s_p_a_c_e (unless there is something left after a
    `D' command), applies in sequence all commands whose
    _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_s select that pattern space, and at the end of the
    script copies the pattern space to the standard output
    (except under -n) and deletes the pattern space.
    An _a_d_d_r_e_s_s is either a decimal number that counts input
    lines cumulatively across files, a `$' that addresses the
    last line of input, or a context address, `/regular expres-
    sion/', in the style of _e_d(1) modified thus:
         The escape sequence `\n' matches a newline embedded in
         the pattern space.
    A command line with no addresses selects every pattern
    space.
    A command line with one address selects each pattern space
    that matches the address.
    A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive
    range from the first pattern space that matches the first
    address through the next pattern space that matches the
    second.  (If the second address is a number less than or
    equal to the line number first selected, only one line is
    selected.) Thereafter the process is repeated, looking again
    for the first address.
    Editing commands can be applied only to non-selected pattern
    spaces by use of the negation function `!' (below).
    In the following list of functions the maximum number of
    permissible addresses for each function is indicated in
    parentheses.
    An argument denoted _t_e_x_t consists of one or more lines, all
    but the last of which end with `\' to hide the newline.
    Backslashes in text are treated like backslashes in the
    replacement string of an `s' command, and may be used to
    protect initial blanks and tabs against the stripping that
    is done on every script line.
    An argument denoted _r_f_i_l_e or _w_f_i_l_e must terminate the com-
    mand line and must be preceded by exactly one blank.  Each
    _w_f_i_l_e is created before processing begins.  There can be at
    most 10 distinct _w_f_i_l_e arguments.
    (1)a\
    _t_e_x_t
         Append.  Place _t_e_x_t on the output before reading the
         next input line.
    (2)b _l_a_b_e_l
         Branch to the `:' command bearing the _l_a_b_e_l.  If _l_a_b_e_l
         is empty, branch to the end of the script.
    (2)c\
    _t_e_x_t
         Change.  Delete the pattern space.  With 0 or 1 address
         or at the end of a 2-address range, place _t_e_x_t on the
         output.  Start the next cycle.
    (2)d Delete the pattern space.  Start the next cycle.
    (2)D Delete the initial segment of the pattern space through
         the first newline.  Start the next cycle.
    (2)g Replace the contents of the pattern space by the con-
         tents of the hold space.
    (2)G Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern
         space.
    (2)h Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents
         of the pattern space.
    (2)H Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold
         space.
    (1)i\
    _t_e_x_t
         Insert.  Place _t_e_x_t on the standard output.
    (2)n Copy the pattern space to the standard output.  Replace
         the pattern space with the next line of input.
    (2)N Append the next line of input to the pattern space with
         an embedded newline.  (The current line number
         changes.)
    (2)p Print.  Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
    (2)P Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through
         the first newline to the standard output.
    (1)q Quit.  Branch to the end of the script.  Do not start a
         new cycle.
    (2)r _r_f_i_l_e
         Read the contents of _r_f_i_l_e.  Place them on the output
         before reading the next input line.
    (2)s/_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n/_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t/_f_l_a_g_s
         Substitute the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t string for instances of the
         _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n in the pattern space.  Any character
         may be used instead of `/'.  For a fuller description
         see _e_d(1).  _F_l_a_g_s is zero or more of
         g    Global.  Substitute for all nonoverlapping
              instances of the _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n rather than
              just the first one.
         p    Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.
         w _w_f_i_l_e
              Write.  Append the pattern space to _w_f_i_l_e if a
              replacement was made.
    (2)t _l_a_b_e_l
         Test.  Branch to the `:' command bearing the _l_a_b_e_l if
         any substitutions have been made since the most recent
         reading of an input line or execution of a `t'.  If
         _l_a_b_e_l is empty, branch to the end of the script.
    (2)w _w_f_i_l_e
         Write.  Append the pattern space to _w_f_i_l_e.
    (2)x Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.
    (2)y/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/
         Transform.  Replace all occurrences of characters in
         _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with the corresponding character in _s_t_r_i_n_g_2.
         The lengths of _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 and _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 must be equal.
    (2)! _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
         Don't.  Apply the _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n (or group, if _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is
         `{') only to lines _n_o_t selected by the address(es).
    (0): _l_a_b_e_l
         This command does nothing; it bears a _l_a_b_e_l for `b' and
         `t' commands to branch to.
    (1)= Place the current line number on the standard output as
         a line.
    (2){ Execute the following commands through a matching `}'
         only when the pattern space is selected.
    (0)  An empty command is ignored.

SEE ALSO

    ed(1), grep(1), awk(1)