Darwin 7.0.1 Release notes
From Computer History Wiki
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Darwin 7.0.1 Release Notes
November 14, 2003
================================
The Darwin 7.0.1 Installation CD is based on the Darwin source
release which corresponds to Mac OS X 10.3 (Darwin is the core
of Mac OS X).
This Installation CD is capable of booting and installing on
PowerPC-based Macintosh computers supported by Mac OS X 10.3,
as well as certain x86-based personal computers.
Please visit <http://developer.apple.com/darwin/> for more
information about Darwin, and <http://www.apple.com/macosx/>
for more information about Mac OS X.
Table Of Contents
=================
1. Supported Hardware
2. Installation Instructions
a. PowerPC-based Macintosh computers
b. x86-based personal computers
3. Known Issues
4. Obtaining the Source Code
5. Additional Information
6. Licensing Information
Supported Hardware
==================
Darwin 7.0.1 should install and boot on all PowerPC-based Macintosh
computers supported by Mac OS X 10.3.
Additionally, Darwin 7.0.1 supports many x86-based personal computers:
IDE:
Only the PIIX4 IDE controllers have been found to work.
Attached devices must be UDMA/33 compatible or better.
Ethernet:
Intel 8255x 10/100 ethernet controllers are supported.
3Com 905cXXX based ethernet controllers are supported.
Video:
You must have a VESA 2.0 compliant video card. Almost all
modern graphics cards are VESA 2.0 compliant. However,
emulators such as vmware do not have VESA 2.0 compliant
emulated video cards.
Successfully tested hardware:
All 440BX motherboards tested have worked with their
internal IDE controllers.
IBM ThinkPad A21m (with onboard Intel ethernet)
See <http://www.opendarwin.org/hardware/> for a community-created
site that lists hardware that has been found to work.
Installation Instructions
=========================
Note:
When preparing your system to install Darwin, it is a good idea
to disconnect all hard drives other than the target disk. This
is to prevent the accidental destruction of data on the wrong disk.
Important:
It is recommended that you install Darwin onto a partition that
is at least 1.5GB in size.
0) Retrieve this CD image from one of the following URLs:
<http://www.opensource.apple.com/darwinsource/images/darwin-701.iso.gz>
<http://www.opendarwin.org/downloads/7.0.1/darwin-701.iso.gz>
1) The .iso image is gzipped. Use 'gunzip' or StuffIt Expander to
extract the image.
2) Burn the CD image to CD.
After downloading the CD image, you'll need to write that image
to a CDROM. The installation image is a bootable HFS+/ISO-9660
El-Torito disk image hybrid.
If you have an OS X system with a CD burner, you can burn the CD
image using Disk Copy. Select Image->Burn Image from the menu bar.
If you have a *BSD or Linux system with a CD burner, you can burn the
CD image using cdrecord. See the cdrecord man page for information.
Installation Instructions (PowerPC-based Macintosh computers)
=============================================================
3) Boot from the CD image
Insert the CD image into the CDROM drive, and reboot. Hold down the
'c' key while rebooting to boot off the CD.
When the machine boots off the CD, you will see a screen with a black
background and white text. Much text will scroll by, and you will
eventually be prompted for installation questions.
4) Select the disk to install onto.
When the CD has finished booting, you will be prompted with the
following question:
The following devices are available for installation:
1. <disk id string> @ disk1 (<size>)
Which device would you like to install Darwin onto?
Enter the number (on the far left) of the device you'd like
to install Darwin/PPC on.
At this point you can also enter the word "shell" to enter
an emergency shell. This should not be needed for normal
installation.
5) Select the partition to install onto.
After selecting the disk to install into, you must choose a
partition. You will be prompted as follows:
Which partition would you like to install into:
1) /dev/disk1s1 Apple_partition_map Apple
2) /dev/disk1s2 Apple_Driver_ATA Macintosh
3) /dev/disk1s3 Apple_Driver_ATA Macintosh
4) /dev/disk1s4 Apple_Driver_IOKit Macintosh
5) /dev/disk1s5 Apple_Patches Patch Partition
6) /dev/disk1s6 Apple_HFS untitled
7) /dev/disk1s7 Apple_HFS untitled 2
Your Choice:
The choices are displayed in the form of
#) <device name> <partition type> <partition name>
You should choose the partition you want to install into.
You should never choose partitions of type other than Apple_HFS
unless you know what you're doing.
6) Do you want the partition erased or not?
The install script will prompt you for whether you want to do a
clean install or not. Answering "yes" will newfs_hfs the partition
and begin installing Darwin/PPC.
If you choose "no" here, the partition will not be newfs'd but
the installer will begin extracting files over the top of whatever
is on the disk. Doing a clean install is the recommended method.
7) Wait.
After choosing the partition to install onto, the installer will
automatically create a new filesystem on that partition (HFS, and
it will destroy all existing data on that partition), and install
Darwin/PPC onto it. The install script will also run bless to make
the partition bootable.
8) Reboot.
After installing all the packages onto the partition, the installer
will prompt you to reboot the machine. At this point, if there are
any last minute changes you would like to make, the installer also
provides the option of spawning a shell.
9) Login.
Once your machine has booted Darwin/PPC, it waits for your first
login. Login as 'root', with an empty password. First thing to do
should be using 'passwd' to set the root password.
Installation Instructions (x86-based personal computers)
=============================================================
3) Boot from the CD image
When booting off the CDROM, the first screen you'll see is a
bootloader prompt. You should not need to enter any flags to the
bootloader, so either press enter to continue, or wait 10 seconds
and the boot process will continue automatically.
4) Select the disk to install onto.
After the boot process continues, you will see diagnostic
output from the kernel, and you will end up at an installation
prompt. The installation prompt will list the devices it found
to potentially install Darwin/x86 onto:
The following devices are available for installation:
1. [ Vendor String ] /dev/disk0 [ size ]
2. [ Vendor String ] /dev/disk1 [ size ]
Which device would you like to install Darwin onto?
At this prompt enter the disk you wish to install Darwin/x86
onto (the number of the disk to install onto; 1 for /dev/disk0,
2 for /dev/disk1). You can also enter "shell" at this prompt and
it will drop you into an emergency shell.
5) Select the partition to install onto.
After entering the disk you wish to install Darwin/x86 onto,
the install script will give you the following prompt:
1) Auto-partition the disk (Destroys all disk contents)
2) Manually partition the disk using fdisk
Choice:
If your disk is already partitioned, you will get a third option:
3) Use existing partitions
The first option (Auto-partition) will destroy the contents of
the disk and create a single Apple UFS filesystem partition.
This is the preferred option.
The second option (Manually partition) will run the Darwin/x86
fdisk utility. Use this only if you know which partition scheme
you want. This option can also destroy all contents of the
selected disk. If you choose this option, you must create an
Apple UFS partition of type 0xA8.
The third option will let you install Darwin/x86 onto an already
existing partition. Make sure you already have the partitions
from option 2 set up. The install script will ask you which
partition you would like to use for your root partition.
All contents of that partition will be destroyed.
6) Wait.
The install script will then install the booter onto the booter
partition, create a new filesystem on the root partition, and
unpack the Darwin/x86 packages onto it.
7) Reboot.
When the install script is finished, it will give you the choice
of rebooting or spawning a shell. Unless you have post-install
things you wish to do, you should reboot the system and remove
the install CD from the CDROM drive.
8) Login.
Once your machine has booted Darwin, it waits for your first
login. Login as 'root', with an empty password. First thing to
do should be using 'passwd' to set the root password.
Known Issues
============
PowerPC-based Macintosh computers:
* AirPort wireless cards are detected, but cannot be configured.
x86-based personal computers:
* IDE drives may not work on x86. Try it, if it doesn't work,
it's a known problem.
* Video cards must support VESA 2.0 framebuffer modes on x86.
Try it, if your console looks weird, or doesn't appear, it's a
known problem.
* If startup fails with the message "waiting for root device" try
passing a specific root device to the kernel. This can be done
during boot by responding to the "Press any key to enter startup
options" message, and entering "rd=disk0s1" at the prompt
(substitute disk0s1 with the disk and partition that Darwin was
installed on). You can also make this change permanent by
editing the file:
/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.Boot.plist
to appear as follows (again, substitute disk0s1):
<key>Kernel Flags</key>
<string>rd=disk0s1 -v</string>
Obtaining the Source Code
=========================
The source code is available via the web at:
<http://www.opensource.apple.com/darwinsource/10.3/>
Additional Information
======================
Comments and Questions can be directed to the
'darwinos-users@lists.apple.com' and
'darwin-development@lists.apple.com' mailing lists,
to which one can subscribe to via the following URLs:
<http://lists.apple.com/mailman/listinfo/darwinos-users>
<http://lists.apple.com/mailman/listinfo/darwin-development>
You may also wish to subscribe to the 'hackers@opendarwin.org'
mailing list at OpenDarwin, a community-driven project dedicated
to enhancing Darwin.
<http://www.opendarwin.org/mailman/listinfo/hackers>
From the OpenDarwin web site <http://www.opendarwin.org/>:
"OpenDarwin.org, jointly founded in April 2002 by Internet Software
Consortium, Inc. (ISC) and Apple, is an attempt to take cooperative
Darwin development to the next level. Membership in the OpenDarwin
project and access to its works are open to everyone. The project is
also fully independent, with control over its own web site, project
news, bug tracking information and CVS repository, as well as any
other services that the community owners may wish to provide.
Neither Apple nor ISC take any responsibility for, or exercise any
editorial control over, the OpenDarwin project."
Please use Bugzilla to report bugs found in Darwin 7.0.1, and watch
the OpenDarwin site for possible future releases derived from this
Darwin 7.0.1 release:
<http://www.opendarwin.org/bugzilla/index.php>
Licensing Information
=====================
The contents of the Darwin 7.0.1 Installation CD image and the
software it installs are covered by several licenses:
* The Apple-developed portions of the Source Code and
corresponding binary package folders are covered by the
Apple Public Source License Version 2.0.
* A few Apple-provided drivers are only available as binaries,
and are covered by the Apple Binary Driver Software License
Agreement. The drivers covered by this license are located in
/System/Installation/AppleBinary/ on the Install CD image.
* Other portions of Darwin 7.0.1 may be covered by third party
licenses.
Please read all these licenses carefully before using any of this
software, as your use of this software signifies that you have read
the licenses and that you accept and agree to their respective terms.
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