KA650 Main Memory System

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The KA650 Main Memory System is the main memory sub-system for the VAX KA650 CPU, and later KA655 CPU. It is split between the CPU card, which contains the main memory controller, and a number of MS650 boards; they communicate over the MS650 memory interconnect.

This page contains notes on troubleshooting, repair, and theory of operation of the KA650 Main Memory System.

Overview

The MS650-AA and MS650-BA memory modules were intended to be used with the KA650 CPU, as the name might suggest. These quad-width cards contain 8MB and 16MB of RAM for the VAX, respectively, complete with ECC.

Theory of Operation

Memory Controller General Architecture and Organization

Memory Control Signals Provided by the CMCTL

The CMCTL IC is the DRAM controller for the KA650 CPU. It has 10 address line outputs, 39 memory data I/O lines (MD), 4 CAS outputs, 4 RAS outputs, a WE pin, and an SE pin. Also available to the RAM card are the inverse of the 20th and 21st address lines (XA20 & XA21), which are used as bank selection when using 256kxX DRAM chips. The data lines are carried to the RAM cards through a 50 conductor ribbon cable, while the rest of the control lines are provided through the CD interconnect on the backplane. [1]

The 10 address lines carry the row address on the rising edge of a RAS line, followed by the column address on the rising edge of a CAS line.

The 39 data I/O lines carry the 32 data and 7 ECC bits for the RAM.

The 4 CAS (Column Address Strobe) lines allow strobing the column address on up to 4 separate memory modules.

The 4 RAS (Row Address Strobe) lines allow selection of up to 4 banks on a single memory module.

The WE (Write Enable) pin indicates that the CMCTL is writing to memory, rather than reading.

The SE (Strobe Enable?) pin seems to indicate that the CMCTL is refreshing memory. This is necessary for the 8MB card to correctly strobe the RAS lines of each bank during a refresh cycle, due to the extra RAS gating circuitry necessary on cards with 256kxX DRAMs.

The XA20 and XA21 lines are the inverse of the latched address lines from the CDAL bus.

Note that many of the above control lines are inverse logic from what is normally used to drive DRAMs; in particular, CAS, RAS, and WE lines are inverted from the normal JEDEC DRAM convention of active low /RAS, /CAS, and /WE.

Memory Ranks & Banks

Due to the 10 bit address bus using conventional multiplexed row and column DRAM addressing, an effective 20 bit address is formed. This allows the CMCTL to address up to 1MWord per rank.

By strobing different pairings of RAS and CAS (RAS0+CAS0 is one rank, while RAS0+CAS1 is another rank, while RAS1+CAS0 is yet another rank), the CMCTL supports up to 16 ranks of RAM, each 1Mx39. Each rank is thus 4MB of memory once ECC overhead is accounted for. This puts a 64MB cap on the maximum amount of memory the CMCTL can address (16 ranks of 4MB).

When 256kxX DRAMs are used in place of 1MxX DRAMs, each 1Mx39 rank is further divided into 4 banks of 256kx39. Each bank is selected by XA20 and XA21, which are provided to the RAM cards via the CD interconnect. These address bits appear to only be valid on the rising edge of RAS. Before CAS has strobed, the bits have generally already changed since these are derived from the CDAL bus of the VAX CPU. These bits are used to gate the /RAS lines to the DRAMs ensuring that only the selected bank is addressed. The /CAS line for the card is not affected.

The MS650-AA card contains 312 256kx1 ZIP DRAMs, organized into 8 banks of 256kx39. As previously mentioned, one memory rank as addressed by the CMCTL memory controller consists of 4 banks, making up a total of 1MWord of memory per rank. Each DRAM on the card corresponds to one bit of the 39 bit word within a 1MB address region of the VAX.

Addressing

The CMCTL appears to convert 32 bit VAX addresses into DRAM addressing as follows:

A21 A20 A19 A18 A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A09 A08 A07 A06 A05 A04 A03 A02
R09 R08 R07 R06 R05 R04 R03 R02 R01 R00
C09 C08 C07 C06 C05 C04 C03 C02 C01 C00

Axx are VAX address lines Rxx are DRAM row address bits Cxx are DRAM column address bits

This addressing scheme is used to ensure that 256kxX DRAMs (which use only 9 bit row and column addresses) are still supported for use with the CMCTL.

It is, of course, still up to the CMCTL to determine which ranks are selected by the upper bits of a given physical address. This is determined by the MEMCSR0-15 registers, which seem to specify whether or not a bank is present, as well as what base address it resides at. It may perform other functions, but it does not seem to be documented in available documentation.

CAS and RAS Signals

Each 16MB or 8MB memory card for the KA650 uses one CAS line in its entirety. This is why a maximum of 4 cards may be used in a KA650 system. Each RAM card uses the first CAS line, and passes the remaining lines on to the next card, shifted down one bit. So for example, the first card gets CAS0 CAS1 CAS2 CAS3, in that order. It uses CAS0 and passes CAS1 CAS2 and CAS3 on to the next card, in that order. The next card uses CAS1 and passes on CAS2 and CAS3. This repeats until 4 cards have used up all of the available CAS lines.

The CAS line is not gated in any way on the MS650-AA. The CAS line is simply buffered, inverted to match the polarity of the DRAMs, and distributed to all DRAMs on the card (likely with some hierarchical buffering methodology).

RAS lines, on the other hand, are shared between all the cards in the system. The first rank of DRAMs on the card are address by RAS0, the second by RAS1, etc. As previously mentioned, the RAS lines to each bank within a rank are gated on or off by decoding circuitry based on the state of XA20/XA21.

Refresh

DRAMs are built using one tiny MOS capacitor for each bit. These capacitors leak slightly and need to be periodically refreshed. DRAM rows are refreshed by simply addressing a row. Any row access refreshes that row, no column needs to be strobed for a refresh.

As such, during refresh cycles, the CMCTL places a row address to be refreshed on the address bus, asserts SE, and asserts all RAS lines for several clock cycles. The purpose of the SE signal is so that RAM cards with 256kxX DRAMs do not gate any of the /RAS lines going to the DRAMs, or else only whatever DRAM bank is (randomly) addressed by XA20 and XA21 would be refreshed.

ECC

The ECC supported by the CMCTL has the ability to detect and correct single data bit errors, detect single ECC bit errors, and detect double-bit data errors. [2]

ECC is generally based on producing parity bits of various collections of data bits. Since parity is based around the simple XOR, it is a linear operation in a manner of speaking. Luckily this means we can determine the ECC equations based on a number of sample data patterns and the respective ECC bits, such as the ECC produced for 0 data, and data with only one bit in the word set. By comparing the ECC for each test pattern to that of 0, we can determine which ECC bits each bit in the data word affects.

bit data ECC
MSB LSB
- 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0111100
0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 1100100
1 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0100000
2 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0100110
3 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 1100010
4 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0100011
5 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 1100111
6 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 1100001
7 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0100101
8 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 1010100
9 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0010000
10 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0010110
11 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 1010010
12 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0010011
13 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000 1010111
14 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 1010001
15 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0010101
16 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001100
17 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001000
18 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001110
19 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001010
20 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001011
21 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001111
22 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001001
23 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001101
24 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000100
25 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000000
26 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000110
27 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000010
28 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000011
29 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000111
30 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000001
31 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000101


The results of this are depicted below. The basic result is that toggling one of the bits that belongs to the ECC bit group will result in that ECC bit toggling as well.

ECC bit MSB LSB
MD32 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
MD33 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
MD34 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
MD35 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
MD36 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
MD37 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
MD38 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

An interesting and potentially useful point to note is that flipping bit 28 happens to flip all of the ECC bits together. Another interesting point is that inverting the entire data word produces the same ECC.

From this information, we can derive some data patterns that produce useful ECC combinations, such as ECC of all zeroes, all ones, only one bit set, and only one bit clear. Looking at the table above, we got lucky and examples of many of these combinations were found by chance. In particular, we happened upon data combinations that produced every possibility of 1 ECC bit set. These, combined with the fact that we can toggle bit 28 to get the inverse ECC bits, gives us a set of data patterns which produce ECC with only one bit clear. From here, we only need to derive a combination which produces all-zero ECC, and from that, derive all-one ECC.

Starting with the ECC for bit 31 set, we can toggle single bits at a time until we find a combination that produces the ECC we want.

31  1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000101
    1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0011101
    1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0001 0110001
    1000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0001 0000000 <--
    1001 0000 1000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0001 1111111 <--
 

The summary of these useful ECC combinations is tabulated below (data in hex, ECC in binary)

useful ECC combinations:

ECC (binary) data (hex)
0000000 80800201
0000001 40000000
0000010 08000000
0000100 01000000
0001000 00020000
0010000 00000200
0100000 00000002
1000000 02000000
1111111 90800201
1111110 50000000
1111101 18000000
1111011 11000000
1110111 10020000
1101111 10000200
1011111 10000002
0111111 12000000

KA650 Memory Bus Cycles

The memory cycles detailed below were captured on an HP 16700A logic analysis system. Memory data and ECC bits were captured, as well as memory address, XA20 and XA21 (inverted back to positive logic by the logic analyzer), the 4 CAS lines, the 4 RAS lines, the WE line, the SE line, the MCLK lines for timing reference. Additionally, the /CAS (DUTCAS), /RAS (DUTRAS), and data line (DUTDATA) of a DRAM located at 0x0XXXXX, bit 0 were captured to show the differences between a selected DRAM and one that was not selected.

Longword write cycle

During a longword write cycle, the CMCTL first places the row address onto the memory address bus. Next, it asserts the RAS signal, causing the DRAMs to latch the row address. It then asserts the write enable signal and places the column address on the address bus, then asserts the CAS signal. Lastly, the data and ECC bits are placed on the bus, and some time later CAS deasserts, followed by RAS. On the MS650-AA RAM module, XA20 and XA21 are decoded to determine which bank is selected. Since the DUT being probed here is at address 0x0XXXXX, it is selected during this write.

Longword write cycle to a different rank

The CMCTL will assert only the RAS line for the rank which is selected based on the memory address the VAX CPU is accessing. As shown in the next capture, when an address in 0x1XXXXX is written, RAS2 is asserted instead, and thus the DUT being probed was not selected.

Longword write cycle to a different bank

Likewise, the MS650-AA decoding circuitry will only allow the RAS line for the bank selected by XA20 and XA21 to be asserted, while ensuring the RAS lines for the other banks are gated off.

Byte write cycle

During a byte write cycle, the CMCTL must first read the entire 39 bit word from the MS650, modify the byte which is being written, recalculate the ECC bits, and write the entire 39 bit word back to the MS650. Due to this, both a read and write cycle can be seen within a byte write cycle. Note that the RAS line stays asserted throughout both the read and write parts of the cycle.

Quadword write cycle

During a quadword write cycle, two 39 bit words must be written to the MS650. Note that RAS actually cycles twice during this cycle.

read cycle

Any read cycle longword or smaller will appear to have the same cycle. Since the MS650 must be read or written as a full 39 bit cycle, there is no effective difference between a byte, word, or longword read. A quadword read, of course, involves reading two 39 bit words, and would thus result in a double cycle similar to the quadword write.

refresh cycle

Lastly, during a refresh cycle, the SE signal is asserted to force an MS650-AA to allow all banks to be refreshed at once. This would not be necessary for the 1MxX DRAMs on an MS650-BA. Similarly, the CMCTL asserts all RAS lines to load the row to be refreshed into every DRAM connected to the KA650. There is no assertion of CAS since there is no need to actually access a specific location, just to refresh a given row.

Memory Connector Pinouts

The MS650 boards and KA650 CPU board communicate through the CD interconnect and a 50 pin ribbon cable. The pinouts are available and can be deduced from the KA650 technical manual and field maintenance print set. They are repeated here for ease of use.

Although the memory card is in a Q-bus form factor, and it has edge connectors for the Q-bus half of the backplane (AB connectors), it does not seem to use any q-bus signals for operation other than power supply pins.

Data Bus Connector

pin signal pin signal
01 GND 26 D MD10 H
02 D MD9 H 27 GND
03 D MD8 H 28 D MD29 H
04 D MD7 H 29 D MD28 H
05 GND 30 D MD27 H
06 D MD6 H 31 GND
07 D MD5 H 32 D MD26 H
08 D MD4 H 33 D MD25 H
09 D MD3 H 34 D MD24 H
10 GND 35 D MD23 H
11 D MD2 H 36 GND
12 D MD1 H 37 D MD22 H
13 D MD0 H 38 D MD21 H
14 D MD19 H 39 D MD20 H
15 GND 40 D MD38 H
16 D MD18 H 41 GND
17 D MD17 H 42 D MD37 H
18 D MD16 H 43 D MD36 H
19 D MD15 H 44 D MD35 H
20 GND 45 D MD34 H
21 D MD14 H 46 GND
22 D MD13 H 47 D MD33 H
23 D MD12 H 48 D MD32 H
24 GND 49 D MD31 H
25 D MD11 H 50 D MD30 H

CD interconnect

Note that DEC pin naming conventions follow the DEC alphabet, skipping various letters which could be mistaken for numerals.

signal pin
MA0 DB2
MA1 DE2
MA2 DH2
MA3 DJ2
MA4 DL2
MA5 DM2
MA6 DP2
MA7 DR2
MA8 DS2
MA9 DU2
XA20 CV2
XA21 CU2
CAS0 CF2
CAS1 CK2
CAS2 CN2
CAS3 CS2
RAS0 CE2
RAS1 CJ2
RAS2 CM2
RAS3 CR2
WE CB2
SE CA1

KA650 VAX Firmware Memory Tests

Many of the tests built in to the firmware of the VAX can be quite thorough, if used properly. The tests can be accessed by the TEST command in the monitor, abbreviated to 't'.

The tests report diagnostic information upon failure, encoded simply as a number of values in registers and memory locations on the stack. With the proper documentation, these values could be decoded to determine the problem. Lacking that documentation, I was able to reverse engineer enough of one test that was failing to understand it's output.

TEST 48: MEM_Addr_shrts

This test is normally used to check for shorted address lines. It will fill the memory with a pattern first, then it will check each word in order to see if it is still the same pattern. After checking a word, it will check the CMCTL status register to ensure there were no detected errors. Then it will replace the word with another pattern (usually mostly an inverse of the first pattern).

If any address line is shorted, when the test writes the second pattern, it will affect another location in memory. When that location is encountered, it will read as the wrong data thus showing the issue. However, the test is also capable of detecting stuck bits the way it is designed, and this test happened to find all DRAM errors in my case.

The output when the test encounters an error looks like the following:

>>>t 48


?48 2 08 FF 00 0002

P1=00000000  P2=04000000  P3=00000004  P4=00031000  P5=AAAAAAAA
P6=55555555  P7=00000043  P8=200C5875  P9=00000000 P10=2005311F
r0=45555555  r1=000C5860  r2=45555555  r3=00000004  r4=0000006B
r5=AAAAAAAA  r6=20080140  r7=20080144  r8=00000000 ERF=80000000

Normal operation not possible.

>>>
 

I figured out the meaning of some of these registers for this test. First of all, P10 indicates an address where presumably DEC personnel would check a source listing to find out the exact meaning of the rest of the values shown. The meanings of the registers I have found are only valid for this routine, located near 2005311F.

register description
r0 contents of memory at address being tested
r1 address being tested
r2 expected pattern from memory being tested
r5 pattern to replace location with
r6 address of CMCTL MEMCSR16 (a diagnostic register)
P8 contents of MEMCSR16

MEMCSR16 Register

The MEMCSR16 register gives us information on what kind of memory failure occurred. The bit meanings are as follows, according to the KA650 technical manual:

bits description
<31> set if uncorrectable error occurred
<30> set if multiple uncorrectable errors occurred
<29> set if correctable error occurred
<28:9> page address where error occurred (pages are 512 bytes)
<8> set if error ocurred during DMA
<7> set if CDAL bus parity error occurred
<6:0> error syndrome: a unique combination is produced here for each possible single bit error

writing 1s to bits 31, 30, 29, 8, or 7 of MEMCSR16 resets those bits. bits 28:9 and 6:0 are read only.

The MEMCSR registers can be read with test 9c.

Error Syndrome Field

The error syndrome is particularly useful for troubleshooting memory errors as it can tell us exactly which bit had the error. A list of the syndromes and the corresponding bit error is given below.

syndrome bit position or error description
0000000 no error
0000001 32
0000010 33
0000100 34
0000111 result of incorrect check bits written on CDAL parity error
0001000 35
0010000 36
0011001 7
0011010 2
0011100 1
0011111 4
0100000 37
0101001 15
0101010 10
0101100 9
0101111 12
0110001 23
0110010 18
0110100 17
0110111 20
0111000 24
0111011 29
0111101 30
0111110 27
1000000 38
1011000 0
1011011 5
1011101 6
1011110 3
1101000 8
1101011 13
1101101 14
1101110 11
1110000 16
1110011 21
1110101 22
1110110 19
1111001 31
1111010 26
1111100 25
1111111 28
other multibit error

Troubleshooting

We now have all of the information necessary to narrow down which bits in which address regions are bad. However, that doesn't do any good for repair unless we also know which physical DRAMs that bit and region correspond to.

MS650-AA

Shown below is a diagram of the MS650-AA RAM card, broken up into 11 columns and 37 rows. Each spot in this grid contains up to 1 DRAM, but some locations contain other circuitry instead.


    |  A   |  B   |  C   |  D   |  E   |  F   |  G   |  H   |  I   |  J   |  K   |
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
01 |           ooooooooooooooooooooooooo      |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 01
   | --------- --------- --------- ---------  |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
   | |BBBBBBB| |BBBBBBB| |BBBBBBB| |BBBBBBB|  |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
   | |BBBBBBB| |BBBBBBB| |BBBBBBB| |BBBBBBB|  |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
08 | --------- --------- --------- ---------  |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 08
   |-------------------------------------------DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
09 |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 09
   |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
16 |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 16
17 |DDDDDDD-----------------------------DDDDDDDDDDDDD-----------------------------| 17
18 |DDDDDDD|TTTTTTT TTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTT |DDDDDDDDDDDDD|TTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTT | 18
19 |DDDDDDD-----------------------------DDDDDDDDDDDDD-----------------------------| 19
20 |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 20
   |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
   |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
   |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
   |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
   |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
   |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD|
32 |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 32
33 |DDDDDDD-----------------------------DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 33
36 |DDDDDDD|       PPPPPPP TTTTT TTTTT |DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 35
37 |-------- TTTTTTT         TTTTTTT   --------DDDDDDDDDDDDDD-------DDDDDDDDDDDDDD| 37
   |                                           --------------       --------------|   
   |                  ___-                 -                 ___-                 |
   |                  |  |                ||                 |  |                 |
   --------------------  ----------------------------------------------------------
    |  A   |  B   |  C   |  D   |  E   |  F   |  G   |  H   |  I   |  J   |  K   |

-----------------------------------------------
| D DRAMS                                     |
| T TTL IC                                    |
| B some kind of DEC custom fast data buffer? |
| P PAL16L8                                   |
| o data connector                            |
| | border                                    |
| - border                                    |
-----------------------------------------------

 

The MS650-AA RAM card uses two RAS lines. During normal initialization of the VAX, the rank connected to RAS0 will be first in memory, followed by the rank connected to RAS1. Presumably, the MS650-BA card would have 4 ranks.

RAS0 - first 4MB RAS1 - second 4MB

Based on the bit with the error, as well as the memory region where the error occurred, the specific DRAM with the failure can be found and replaced.

Below is a list of the DRAMs sorted by memory region and bit, showing the grid location of the DRAM IC.

By using the built in tests, along with MEMCSR16, and perhaps some manual DEPOSIT and EXAMINE testing, the bad DRAM should be possible to locate and then, using this table, the DRAM can be replaced.

DRAM Address data bit
A12 0XXXXX MD00
A11 1XXXXX MD00
A10 2XXXXX MD00
A09 3XXXXX MD00
A16 4XXXXX MD00
A15 5XXXXX MD00
A14 6XXXXX MD00
A13 7XXXXX MD00
A24 0XXXXX MD01
A23 1XXXXX MD01
A22 2XXXXX MD01
A21 3XXXXX MD01
A20 4XXXXX MD01
A19 5XXXXX MD01
A18 6XXXXX MD01
A17 7XXXXX MD01
A32 0XXXXX MD02
A31 1XXXXX MD02
A30 2XXXXX MD02
A29 3XXXXX MD02
A28 4XXXXX MD02
A27 5XXXXX MD02
A26 6XXXXX MD02
A25 7XXXXX MD02
B12 0XXXXX MD03
B11 1XXXXX MD03
B10 2XXXXX MD03
B09 3XXXXX MD03
A36 4XXXXX MD03
A35 5XXXXX MD03
A34 6XXXXX MD03
A33 7XXXXX MD03
B24 0XXXXX MD04
B23 1XXXXX MD04
B22 2XXXXX MD04
B21 3XXXXX MD04
B16 4XXXXX MD04
B15 5XXXXX MD04
B14 6XXXXX MD04
B13 7XXXXX MD04
B32 0XXXXX MD05
B31 1XXXXX MD05
B30 2XXXXX MD05
B29 3XXXXX MD05
B28 4XXXXX MD05
B27 5XXXXX MD05
B26 6XXXXX MD05
B25 7XXXXX MD05
C12 0XXXXX MD06
C11 1XXXXX MD06
C10 2XXXXX MD06
C09 3XXXXX MD06
C16 4XXXXX MD06
C15 5XXXXX MD06
C14 6XXXXX MD06
C13 7XXXXX MD06
C24 0XXXXX MD07
C23 1XXXXX MD07
C22 2XXXXX MD07
C21 3XXXXX MD07
E20 4XXXXX MD07
D20 5XXXXX MD07
C20 6XXXXX MD07
B20 7XXXXX MD07
C32 0XXXXX MD08
C31 1XXXXX MD08
C30 2XXXXX MD08
C29 3XXXXX MD08
C28 4XXXXX MD08
C27 5XXXXX MD08
C26 6XXXXX MD08
C25 7XXXXX MD08
D32 0XXXXX MD09
D31 1XXXXX MD09
D30 2XXXXX MD09
D29 3XXXXX MD09
D28 4XXXXX MD09
D27 5XXXXX MD09
D26 6XXXXX MD09
D25 7XXXXX MD09
D24 0XXXXX MD10
D23 1XXXXX MD10
D22 2XXXXX MD10
D21 3XXXXX MD10
D16 4XXXXX MD10
D15 5XXXXX MD10
D14 6XXXXX MD10
D13 7XXXXX MD10
D12 0XXXXX MD11
D11 1XXXXX MD11
D10 2XXXXX MD11
D09 3XXXXX MD11
E16 4XXXXX MD11
E15 5XXXXX MD11
E14 6XXXXX MD11
E13 7XXXXX MD11
E12 0XXXXX MD12
E11 1XXXXX MD12
E10 2XXXXX MD12
E09 3XXXXX MD12
E28 4XXXXX MD12
E27 5XXXXX MD12
E26 6XXXXX MD12
E25 7XXXXX MD12
E24 0XXXXX MD13
E23 1XXXXX MD13
E22 2XXXXX MD13
E21 3XXXXX MD13
F16 4XXXXX MD13
F15 5XXXXX MD13
F14 6XXXXX MD13
F13 7XXXXX MD13
E32 0XXXXX MD14
E31 1XXXXX MD14
E30 2XXXXX MD14
E29 3XXXXX MD14
F20 4XXXXX MD14
F19 5XXXXX MD14
F18 6XXXXX MD14
F17 7XXXXX MD14
F32 0XXXXX MD15
F31 1XXXXX MD15
F30 2XXXXX MD15
F29 3XXXXX MD15
F28 4XXXXX MD15
F27 5XXXXX MD15
F26 6XXXXX MD15
F25 7XXXXX MD15
F24 0XXXXX MD16
F23 1XXXXX MD16
F22 2XXXXX MD16
F21 3XXXXX MD16
F36 4XXXXX MD16
F35 5XXXXX MD16
F34 6XXXXX MD16
F33 7XXXXX MD16
G32 0XXXXX MD17
G31 1XXXXX MD17
G30 2XXXXX MD17
G29 3XXXXX MD17
G36 4XXXXX MD17
G35 5XXXXX MD17
G34 6XXXXX MD17
G33 7XXXXX MD17
G24 0XXXXX MD18
G23 1XXXXX MD18
G22 2XXXXX MD18
G21 3XXXXX MD18
G28 4XXXXX MD18
G27 5XXXXX MD18
G26 6XXXXX MD18
G25 7XXXXX MD18
H32 0XXXXX MD19
H31 1XXXXX MD19
H30 2XXXXX MD19
H29 3XXXXX MD19
G20 4XXXXX MD19
G19 5XXXXX MD19
G18 6XXXXX MD19
G17 7XXXXX MD19
H24 0XXXXX MD20
H23 1XXXXX MD20
H22 2XXXXX MD20
H21 3XXXXX MD20
K37 4XXXXX MD20
J37 5XXXXX MD20
H37 6XXXXX MD20
G37 7XXXXX MD20
I32 0XXXXX MD21
I31 1XXXXX MD21
I30 2XXXXX MD21
I29 3XXXXX MD21
H36 4XXXXX MD21
H35 5XXXXX MD21
H34 6XXXXX MD21
H33 7XXXXX MD21
I24 0XXXXX MD22
I23 1XXXXX MD22
I22 2XXXXX MD22
I21 3XXXXX MD22
H28 4XXXXX MD22
H27 5XXXXX MD22
H26 6XXXXX MD22
H25 7XXXXX MD22
J32 0XXXXX MD23
J31 1XXXXX MD23
J30 2XXXXX MD23
J29 3XXXXX MD23
I36 4XXXXX MD23
I35 5XXXXX MD23
I34 6XXXXX MD23
I33 7XXXXX MD23
J24 0XXXXX MD24
J23 1XXXXX MD24
J22 2XXXXX MD24
J21 3XXXXX MD24
I28 4XXXXX MD24
I27 5XXXXX MD24
I26 6XXXXX MD24
I25 7XXXXX MD24
K32 0XXXXX MD25
K31 1XXXXX MD25
K30 2XXXXX MD25
K29 3XXXXX MD25
J36 4XXXXX MD25
J35 5XXXXX MD25
J34 6XXXXX MD25
J33 7XXXXX MD25
K24 0XXXXX MD26
K23 1XXXXX MD26
K22 2XXXXX MD26
K21 3XXXXX MD26
J28 4XXXXX MD26
J27 5XXXXX MD26
J26 6XXXXX MD26
J25 7XXXXX MD26
K20 0XXXXX MD27
J20 1XXXXX MD27
I20 2XXXXX MD27
H20 3XXXXX MD27
K36 4XXXXX MD27
K35 5XXXXX MD27
K34 6XXXXX MD27
K33 7XXXXX MD27
F12 0XXXXX MD28
F11 1XXXXX MD28
F10 2XXXXX MD28
F09 3XXXXX MD28
K28 4XXXXX MD28
K26 6XXXXX MD28
K27 5XXXXX MD28
K25 7XXXXX MD28
G12 0XXXXX MD29
G11 1XXXXX MD29
G10 2XXXXX MD29
G09 3XXXXX MD29
G16 4XXXXX MD29
G15 5XXXXX MD29
G14 6XXXXX MD29
G13 7XXXXX MD29
G04 0XXXXX MD30
G03 1XXXXX MD30
G02 2XXXXX MD30
G01 3XXXXX MD30
G08 4XXXXX MD30
G07 5XXXXX MD30
G06 6XXXXX MD30
G05 7XXXXX MD30
H04 0XXXXX MD31
H03 1XXXXX MD31
H02 2XXXXX MD31
H01 3XXXXX MD31
H08 4XXXXX MD31
H07 5XXXXX MD31
H06 6XXXXX MD31
H05 7XXXXX MD31
H12 0XXXXX MD32
H11 1XXXXX MD32
H10 2XXXXX MD32
H09 3XXXXX MD32
H16 4XXXXX MD32
H15 5XXXXX MD32
H14 6XXXXX MD32
H13 7XXXXX MD32
I04 0XXXXX MD33
I03 1XXXXX MD33
I02 2XXXXX MD33
I01 3XXXXX MD33
I08 4XXXXX MD33
I07 5XXXXX MD33
I06 6XXXXX MD33
I05 7XXXXX MD33
I12 0XXXXX MD34
I11 1XXXXX MD34
I10 2XXXXX MD34
I09 3XXXXX MD34
I16 4XXXXX MD34
I15 5XXXXX MD34
I14 6XXXXX MD34
I13 7XXXXX MD34
J04 0XXXXX MD35
J03 1XXXXX MD35
J02 2XXXXX MD35
J01 3XXXXX MD35
J08 4XXXXX MD35
J07 5XXXXX MD35
J06 6XXXXX MD35
J05 7XXXXX MD35
J12 0XXXXX MD36
J11 1XXXXX MD36
J10 2XXXXX MD36
J09 3XXXXX MD36
J16 4XXXXX MD36
J15 5XXXXX MD36
J14 6XXXXX MD36
J13 7XXXXX MD36
K04 0XXXXX MD37
K03 1XXXXX MD37
K02 2XXXXX MD37
K01 3XXXXX MD37
K08 4XXXXX MD37
K07 5XXXXX MD37
K06 6XXXXX MD37
K05 7XXXXX MD37
K12 0XXXXX MD38
K11 1XXXXX MD38
K10 2XXXXX MD38
K09 3XXXXX MD38
K16 4XXXXX MD38
K15 5XXXXX MD38
K14 6XXXXX MD38
K13 7XXXXX MD38

MS650-BA

Because I did not have an MS650-BA to test, I do not have as much information on this module as on the MS650-AA. Presumably, the MS650-BA has 4 ranks of 4MB in 1MBxX DRAMs, meaning there is no need to have 4 banks in each rank like the 256kx1 DRAMs on the MS650-AA.

External Links