TROPIX: Difference between revisions

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| current version = 4.9.0 (Dec 2008)
| current version = 4.9.0 (Dec 2008)
| year introduced = 1985
| year introduced = 1985
| type = Multitasking, multiuser
| type = [[Multi-tasking]], [[multi-user]]
| architecture = [[68010]], [[IBMPC]]
| architecture = [[68010]], [[IBMPC]]
}}
}}


[http://allegro.nce.ufrj.br/tropix/index.html TROPIX] got it's start after UFRJ could not secure a source license to AT&T UNIX. So they decided to write their own. Using a Version 7 68000 machine, they were able to clone out their own system.  For a while the project seemed dead with the mainstream arrival of Linux, however there has been some new activity on the TROPIX front.
The '''TROPIX''' [[operating system]] got its start after UFRJ could not secure a source license to AT&T [[UNIX]]. So they decided to write their own. Using a [[Version 7]] [[Motorola 68000]] machine, they were able to clone out their own system.  For a while the project seemed dead with the mainstream arrival of Linux, however there has been some new activity on the TROPIX front.


== System requirements ==
== System requirements ==
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First you'll need some instructions.  This is the google translated instructions:
First you'll need some instructions.  This is the google translated instructions:


=== Google provided instructions ===
[[TROPIX Manual]]
<pre>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      *******  *******  *******  *******    *    *    *
        *      *    *  *    *  *    *    *    *  *
        *      *    *  *    *  *    *    *      * *
        *      *******  *    *  *******    *      *
        *      *  *    *    *  *          *      * *
        *      *  *    *    *  *          *    *  *
        *      *    *  *******  *          *    *    *
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    TROPIX - Installation Guide
 
 
                            Version 4.9.0
 
 
 
 
                                Guide
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                          December 2008
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                              CONTENT
 
 
 
 
 
        Chapter 1 - Introduction ........................... 4
 
        Chapter 2 - New versions of ................ 6
 
        Chapter 3 - Characteristics ...................... 11
 
        Chapter 4 - PC Configuration ................... 12
 
        Chapter 5 - Establishment of CDROM ..................... 13
 
        Chapter 6 - Creation of the boot disk .......... 14
 
        Chapter 7 - Some conventions / features
                  TROPIX ............................... 16
 
        Chapter 8 - Running TROPIX directly from
                  CDROM or floppy .................... 18
 
        Chapter 9 - Preparation of disks / files
                  other ............................ 22
 
        Chapter 10 - Modes of TROPIX installation disk
                  Hard ............................... 23
 
        Chapter 11 - Installation of files in TROPIX
                  MS-DOS/Windows ....................... 24
 
        Chapter 12 - Disk and partition ................... 26
 
        Chapter 13 - The editor of partitions "fdisk" ........ 28
 
        Chapter 14 - Reducing the size of a partition
                  MS-DOS/Windows ....................... 32
 
        Chapter 15 - Installation of partitions in TROPIX
                  own ............................. 35
 
        Chapter 16 - Setting up the USB drivers .... 37
 
        Chapter 17 - What now? ............................. 38
 
        Chapter 18 - Utilities and features original
                  the TROPIX ............................ 40
 
        Chapter 19 - Introduction to the Graphical Interface
                  X-Window ............................. 41
 
        Chapter 20 - Creation and installation of the floppy /
                  archives of the Graphical Interface ........ 42
 
        Chapter 21 - Setting the graphical interface .... 43
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 3
 
 
        Chapter 22 - Use of the basic graphical interface 45
 
        Chapter 23 - Obtaining and installing the source code
                  the TROPIX ............................ 46
 
        Chapter 24 - Compilation of the kernel, libraries and
                  utilities of TROPIX ................ 47
 
        Chapter 25 - Use the text editor "vi" ....... 48
 
        Chapter 26 - A list of key commands
                  TROPIX ............................... 49
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 1 *
      * *
      * INTRODUCTION *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
The TROPIX (pronounced "trópix") is an Operating System of 32
bit, multiuser and multitasking, philosophy of UNIX ®, developed
the Center for Computer Electronics, Federal University of Rio
January (NCE / UFRJ).
 
The TROPIX was originally conceived during the years 1982 to 1986
(at the time with the name PLURIX) to the computer PEGASUS. This
computer was built in the NCE, and was based on
MOTOROLA 68010/20 processor. Since its beginning, the system was
designed for symmetric multiprocessing, operating in a
PEGASUS 2 CPUs which had 68,020.
 
The system was shipped in 1987 to the computer ICARUS,
based on these same processor, and added the
support for real time. Was initiated in 1994 for the transport
Intel line of processors (386, 486, Pentium), and since 1996 the
TROPIX is already operating on PCs and is used in several
computers.
 
In this version for PCs, is not yet completed the detection of
motherboard with more than one CPU, which is necessary for the
multiprocessing.
 
In relation to real time, has recently completed a thesis of
Masters was developed in which a version of the core TROPIX
in real time.
 
The TROPIX has several utilities, such as
study / learning / use of an operating system
UNIX philosophy, the development of programs (software) and
implementation of servers to the Internet. Furthermore, it is ideal
for use in courses on operating systems, it contains
primitive to the "light" ( "threads"), memory
shared, the level of user traffic lights, among others.
 
This text (which you're reading) contains introductory information
on the distribution and installation of the system TROPIX. During the
installation, it can be viewed / printed on your PC (see
end of Chapter 8). In addition, it contains the information for
Installation of X-Window Graphical Interface (Chapters 19 to 22), and
information for installing / compiling the source code TROPIX
(Chapters 23 and 24).
 
The operating system is a TROPIX software free, and you are
welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions, for details,
type "man" license (after installation).
 
Currently, the development and maintenance of TROPIX are
made by Peter and Salenbauch Oswaldo Vernet. For more
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 5
 
 
information, suggestions, reporting errors, or in case of
no doubt about its installation and use, use the
address "tropix@tropix.nce.ufrj.br.
 
Visit regularly the homepage of TROPIX, at
"http://www.tropix.nce.ufrj.br" to learn about new
system versions.
 
The continuation of this work is a posthumous tribute to Newton
Faller, the great creator of the projects PEGASUS, PLURIX, and TROPIX
so many others.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 2 *
      * *
      * NEW * VERSION OF
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
What's new in this version "4.9.0"
 
    1: Implement the USB 2.0 protocol.
 
    2: Supports SATA disks.
 
    3: New version of the graphical interface (based on version 4.7.0
        distributed by Consortium XFree86).
 
 
 
To monitor the TROPIX, included the news of
previous versions.
 
News of version "4.8.0"
 
    1: File System NFS (Network File System, Version 2),
        for the mounting of remote file systems.
 
 
News of version "4.7.0"
 
    1: Distribution of object code in ROM.
 
    2: New graphic utility "xcpu" which draws the graph of Use
        CPU.
 
 
News of version "4.6.0"
 
    1: Support for USB disks (simulations in memory, "pen drive"),
        with annexation / desanexação dynamics.
 
    2: Mount (read only) file system
        NTFS.
 
    3: Mounting images of file systems (in files
        regular).
 
    4: New version of the graphical interface (based on version 4.4.0
        distributed by Consortium XFree86).
 
 
 
News of version "4.5.0"
 
    1: Recognition of "mouse" USB.
 
    2: New graphic tools: the file manager "xfm",
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 7
 
 
        the program to access remote mailboxes "xpop3" and
        generate fractal images of Mandelbrot "xmandel.
 
    3: Extension of the core to enable the sharing of
        interrupts (IRQ) between devices.
 
    4: Access to file systems FAT-32 for more than 4 GB.
 
 
News of version "4.4.0"
 
    1: Mounting the File System of Linux EXT2.
 
    2: Support to the mouse PS / 2.
 
    3: New version (XFree86 Version 4.3.0) System Chart
        X-Window, supporting the most recent of the plates
        ATI graphics, and TRIDENT S3.
 
    4: New features of the library "stdio" with areas of 4 KB for
        it compatible with the new file system T1.
 
    5: Role of 64-bit arithmetic for the values "long long"
        the language "C". This is important for access to files
        with more than 4 GB.
 
    6: Access to the history of the "sh" through the keys of arrows
        also in text mode.
 
    7: New commands: The defragmenter "xdefrag" (program
        chart) can improve the allocation of blocks of systems
        T1 files, the converter program "a2ps" converts a
        ISO text to PostScript to be printed on printers
        who accept this language.
 
 
News of version "4.3.0"
 
    1: The new file system T1, in blocks of 4 KB and
        identifiers of up to 255 characters, which has a performance
        much higher than the previous file system (S7) of
        blocks of 512 bytes. This version continues supporting the
        V7 file system.
 
    2: Create the file "/ etc / fstab" for better control of
        assembly of devices.
 
    3: New interface for recognition devices
        IDE / ATA / ATAPI.
 
    4: Floppy BOOT distribution of the image containing a
        file system that is unpacked in a Ramdas (the
        simulation of a disk in main memory). This facilitates
        installation of TROPIX.
 
 
News of version "4.2.0"
 
    1: Increase the size of the areas of entry / exit of the "cache" of
        structured devices from 512 to 4096 bytes. With this,
        allows the read / write devices that have
        larger than 512 bytes (eg CDROM, whose
        block is 2 KB) in addition to increasing the speed of
        processing of devices already supported.
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 8
 
 
    2: Establishment of the abstract layer of "we-index" to enable
        the assembly of several file systems.
 
    3: Mount the file systems FAT12/16/32.
 
    4: Mounting the file systems from original CDROM, beyond
        extensions "Rock Ridge" and "Joliet".
 
    5: Implementation of symbolic links.
 
 
News of version "4.1.0"
 
    1: New "driver" for the Adaptec SCSI controller: Now
        supporting the 29,160 new drivers for 160 MB / s.
 
    2: Add the "chip" s of the VIA and Intel for the use of DMA
        access to IDE.
 
    3: Extended the build system of language "C" for
        accept identifiers without size limitation.
 
    4: Enter the functions of the library "C" for reading
        directories in a system independent of
        files: "opendir", "readdir", ...
 
    5: The "boot" of TROPIX was extended, and now accepts the discs
        Iomega ZIP (100 MB) to load the system at all
        their steps.
 
 
News of version "4.0.0"
 
    1: Improved recognition and assessment of the speed of
        processor of the computer during stage 2 of the load
        system ( "boot2).
 
    2: Support for IDE disks over 8 GB.
 
    3: Recognition Device PnP (Plug and Play ").
 
    4: Use of DMA to access the IDE (at
        only for the "chip" Acer Aladdin ").
 
    5: Command "mail" completely rewritten, now can receive
        and send attachments.
 
 
News of version "3.2.3"
 
      This version "contained as the main novelty library
      shared (similar to Windows DLLs). All
      older versions of libraries ( "libc", "libm", "libcurses" and
      "libxti") are now grouped in a single library
      shared "/ lib / libt.o.
 
      The same occurs also with the libraries of graphical interface
      X-Window: all are now integrated in the two
      shared library "/ usr / xwin / lib / libx.o" and
      "/ usr / xwin / lib / liby.o.
 
      With the use of shared libraries, the size of
      executable modules decreased drastically. This
      reduced in both the time and amount of cargo
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 9
 
 
      occupied space (both on disk and in main memory).
      As an example, a typical utility, the "cp" which occupied 13,704
      bytes, went to occupy only 4,032, ie, fell short of
      third the size. In the case of graphic tools, this
      reduction is much greater, mentioned as an example the program
      "xedit" which went from 612 KB to less than 4KB!
 
 
      This version also includes some new programs, among
      which:
 
          1: "cdplay: plays audio CDs in units IDE / ATAPI and
            SCSI.
 
          2: "cdtowave": Extract audio tracks from CDs into units
            IDE / ATAPI and SCSI.
 
          3: sbvol "controls the volume (master) of SB-16 boards.
 
          4: "mkshlib" and "ldshlib" creates and loads the libraries
            shared.
 
          5: "nohup: run command immune to SIGHUP signal.
 
          6: "paste" lines of a multiple.
 
          7: "FDC": computer desk for small numbers of point
            floating.
 
          8: "xcoremap" graphics program to draw a map of
            allocation of the computer's main memory.
 
          9: "xedit" graphics program to edit texts (like
            the "notepad" in Windows).
 
        10: "xpaint" now accepts the JPEG format.
 
 
      Other changes / enhancements:
 
          1: "Drivers for IDE-ATAPI devices: These" drivers "
            will allow access to TROPIX-IDE ATAPI devices,
            such as CD-ROMs and ZIP drives the internal disk.
            However, the file systems on CD-ROMs also
            are not being recognized.
 
          2 "Driver" for driver "Realtek RTL 8129/8139 Fast
            Ethernet (10/100 Mbs).
 
          3: The swap partition is no longer necessary to
            installation, both in its own partition, as in
            MS-DOS/Windows files.
 
          4: It is recognized Fax-Modem U.S. Robotics 56K PCI.
 
          5: Inauguration of distribution of the source code of
            TROPIX of libraries and utilities.
 
          6: The WWW server of TROPIX already allows the resumption of
            transfers from the point they were
            interrupted.
 
 
News of version "3.2.1"
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 10
 
 
      Includes the first distribution of the source code of the core of
      system, recommending him for a further course in systems
      operational.
 
 
News of version "3.2.0"
 
      Contained as the main news media (in part) to
      sound card "Sound Blaster".
 
 
News of version "3.1.8"
 
      Contained as the new X-Window Graphical Interface and
      support for file systems MS-DOS/Windows with FAT32.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 3 *
      * *
      * FEATURES *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
The distribution of TROPIX is free, and it can be installed
via a CDROM or floppy.
 
    1. The CDROM is distributed through an image, and contains the
      TROPIX complete object (including the System Chart
      X-Window). This image should be used to burn a CDROM
      through an appropriate program: see chapter 5.
 
    2. The distribution by floppy disk is part of the basic
      with 2 disks, 3 ½ "and X-Window System in Figure 2
      Additional disks: see the chapters 19 to 22.
 
The installation on PCs can be done in two ways: on partitions
own or in files from one partition to FAT16 or FAT32
MS-DOS/Windows (in this case without the need for change
partitions of disks). It included a manager of cargo
operating systems ( "boot0"), to amicable coexistence with
other operating systems.
 
Currently the TROPIX has the basic commands of UNIX (in addition to
some more commands themselves), a development system for
the language ANSI "C", support for the network of computers
Internet with TCP / IP, SLIP, PPP (for dial-line) and
Client / Server "telnet", "rlogin", "ftp", "mail", "pop3" and
others.
 
Whole TROPIX is based on the code character ISO-8859-1
(Latin-1, the same Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP), taking all the
stress available in all modes (text, graphic) and
commands. Moreover, all the manuals can be found in
screen (on-line), and are in Portuguese.
 
The file systems MS-DOS/Windows FAT-12/16/32/NTFS (both in
partitions on the disks as hard drives) can be mounted
(the latter only for reading).
 
For mounting remote file systems we have available the
NFS protocol, version 2.
 
CD-ROMs can also be fitted to all variants
(ISO-9660, Joliet and Rock-Ridge).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 4 *
      * *
      * PC * SETUP
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
The PC must have an Intel processor or equivalent 486/PENTIUM.
The minimum reasonable main memory is 8 MB. With 4 MB can be
use the system, but there may be difficulties in both
use the Internet and compile programs. For the Graphical Interface
X-Window is required at least 16 MB.
 
The USB drivers are accepted, but the patterns and UHCI
OHCI.
 
Disks are supported for 3 ½ "and 5 ¼" disk drives and IDE / EIDE.
Also supported SCSI disk drives connected through the
Adaptec 1542 SCSI controller (ISA) and 2940/29160 (PCI).
 
From version 4.9.0 USB devices are supported with
Protocol 1.1 and 2.0 with annexation / desanexação dynamics.
 
The Iomega ZIP disks (100 MB) are also supported in versions
the parallel port, IDE / ATAPI and SCSI (where connected to one of
SCSI controllers listed above).
 
For the Internet, are supported controllers "ethernet"
Novell (NE1000, NE2000 ISA / PCI), 3Com 3c503 and Realtek RTL 8129/8139
Fast Ethernet (10/100 Mbs), and lines with serial protocols
SLIP or PPP.
 
Are supported also the parallel ports for use of
printers.
 
Are accepted Fax-modems and ISA Fax-Modem U.S. Robotics 56K PCI.
 
From version 3.2.0 is also supported the output of digital sound
PCM sound cards through the "Sound Blaster 16 (or successor).
With this, you can play sound files from "*. wav" in TROPIX.
 
Are already supported "mouse" s USB.
 
As already mentioned, there are two ways of installing the TROPIX
disks of the PC (see chapter 10). In any of these
modes must be allocated a certain area of the hard disks
(typically 128 MB).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 5 *
      * *
      * * CREATING THE CDROM
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
Having obtained the collection "cdrom.tgz" distribution of the CDROM
TROPIX, you must save it.
 
    1. If you use a UNIX system, must decompress
      "cdrom.tgz" via "gunzip" (generating a collection "tar")
      and then use the command "tar" to get the files:
 
                install.txt
                tropix.iso
 
      The file "install.txt" is the guide to installation (you are
      reading) and the file "tropix.iso" is the image of the CDROM.
 
      The CDROM should be recorded through an appropriate utility
      (such as "cdrecord").
 
    2. If you use WinXP/Win2000/WinNT/Win98/Win95/Win3.x should
      decompress the collection "cdrom.tgz" through "Winzip",
      getting the files:
 
                install.txt
                tropix.iso
 
      The file "install.txt" is the guide to installation (you are
      reading) and the file "tropix.iso" is the image of the CDROM.
 
      The CDROM should be recorded through an appropriate utility
      (such as "Easy CD Creator" or "Nero").
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 14
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 6 *
      * *
      * ESTABLISHMENT OF Floppy Disk "BOOT" *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
Having obtained the collection "tropix.tgz" distribution of TROPIX
base is necessary (at least) create the disk, 3 ½ "called
of BOOT.
 
    1. If you use a UNIX system, must decompress
      "tropix.tgz" via "gunzip" (generating a collection "tar")
      and then use the command "tar" to get the files:
 
                install.txt
                fdimage.exe
                boot.dsk
                gar1.dsk
 
      The file "install.txt" is the guide to installation (you are
      reading), the file "fdimage.exe" is a utility to copy
      the MS-DOS/Windows (in this case will not be used), and
      remaining files are the contents of 2 disks called
      the BOOT and GAR1.
 
      The BOOT disk, can be created through a command of
      type:
 
                boot.dsk cat> / dev/fd0
 
      (the exact name of the device depends on the system disk
      being used).
 
      You can also use the command "dd" in the form:
 
                boot.dsk dd if = of = / dev/fd0
 
    2. If you use WinXP/Win2000/WinNT/Win98/Win95/Win3.x should
      decompress the collection "tropix.tgz" through "Winzip",
      getting the files:
 
                install.txt
                fdimage.exe
                boot.dsk
                gar1.dsk
 
      The file "install.txt" is the guide to installation (you are
      reading), the "fdimage.exe" is a tool for copying and
      remaining files are the contents of 2 disks. The
      BOOT floppy disk must be created through a command of
      type
 
                fdimage.exe-v boot.dsk A:
 
      For WinXP/Win2000/WinNT, use the window of commands;
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 15
 
 
      Win98/Win95/Win3.x to use the DOS mode, in this case not
      recommend using the DOS command window, because sometimes the
      writing is performed incorrectly.
 
 
Use a new disk, of good quality. Many of the errors
reported are caused by defective disks.
 
After the generation of the disk, we protect it against
written.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 16
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 7 *
      * *
      * SOME CONVENTIONS / FEATURES OF TROPIX *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
Conceptually, the operating system is similar to TROPIX
UNIX type systems, although there are some differences. To
unambiguous way of describing the installation procedure and use
TROPIX of the PCs, use the conventions described below. Note
and these conventions because they are used in TROPIX as a
whole, including the system after installation.
 
Keystrokes <enter> means to press the key that has this name;
typing <sp> (blank) means hit the space bar.
 
Keystrokes <^ D> means press both keys "ctl" and
"D". By doing this, we first compress the key "ctl"
(holding it compressed) and then press the key "D".
Similarly, typing <^ A>, <^ B>, ... means to compress the keys
"ctl" with "A", "B", ... On some keyboards, we have
"ctrl" instead of "ctl".
 
Keystrokes <ctl-alt-del> means compressing both the three
keys displayed; hit <reset> means of compressing the button
"reset" the PC that, in general, is in the office of the PC (and not in
keyboard).
 
Keystrokes "-fd0 tropix means hit the keys in sequence" - ",
"f", "d", "0", <sp>, "t", "r", "the", "p", "i", "x" and <enter>. When
specify a string for keyboard (such as
given above) implicitly assume that a keyboard to <enter>
end of the chain (unless it is explicitly stated the
otherwise).
 
We must remember that in TROPIX, as in all systems
Operating similar to UNIX, uppercase characters are
Different lowercase letters. In the above example, therefore, not
must compress the key <Shift> because the letters to be generated
are all lowercase.
 
Some of the commands may request a TROPIX
information / confirmation of action. This request is identified by a
"prompt" that can be a character or a string that
system writes to the screen.
 
In TROPIX, some of the "prompt" s contain a string
brackets before a "." This means that typing
chain or simply typing <enter> have the same effect. This
string of characters is called the "default", ie what
will be interpreted by the lack of a string
explicitly keyboard.
 
For the question
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 17
 
 
      Loads (fd0, tropix)? (s):
 
is equivalent typing "s" followed by <enter> or simply
<enter>, which means "yes." If you want to answer "no",
we have to hit "n" followed by <enter>.
 
In some commands, an answer with a capital letter ( "S" or "N")
means that this and all subsequent questions are
answered automatically (yes to "S" and
negatively to "N"). The manual for each command (see below)
information if it follows this convention.
 
In TROPIX, usually, the system stops writing to the screen
complete a screen (24 lines). This is convenient because the user
have time to read the text without a new text replaces the text
current that (maybe) has not yet been read. To continue
writing the text simply typing <^ Q>. Besides, an output on the screen
can be stopped at any time by typing <^ S>. This can be
changed by the command "stty" (see below).
 
When entering the "multiplayer" (see below) the TROPIX offers 8
independent virtual screens. The switching between the virtual screens
is done by typing <^ S> (to stop the output in the virtual screen
current), followed by the number of the virtual screen to which want
ir (1 to 8), and finally, <^ Q> (to activate the new screen output
virtual). Note that the number of the current virtual screen is displayed
in the center of the last line.
 
With certain combinations of keys, used sequentially, we can
generate special characters. Thus, typing up ", to" get "a" and
with "c" get "C". With this method we can get almost all
vowels of strong Western languages. If you do not want this
composition, just typing "\" between the characters. Thus,
example, if keyboard "~ \ the" get "-a".
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 18
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 8 *
      * *
      * RUNNING TROPIX DIRECTLY TO CDROM or Floppy *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
Both of the CDROM TROPIX (obtained in Chapter 5), such as floppy disk
BOOT (obtained in Chapter 6), contains a compressed image of a
TROPIX file system independent. Both can be implemented
inserting them into the corresponding drive and typing or <ctl-alt-del>
<reset> (this operation, loading the operating system, called
the "boot").
 
Do not forget to check if the order of several devices in
sequence of "boot" your computer's BIOS is desired.
 
This is useful for:
 
      1. TROPIX test the compatibility of your computer. If
        have any conflict, notify us (via the
        address in Chapter 1).
 
      2. Run TROPIX experimentally, to know the
        system without changing the hard drive of your computer.
 
      3. Read this guide to install on the computer screen and / or
        print it on your printer (see the end of this chapter).
 
      4. TROPIX install in your computer's hard drive. There
        two modes of installation: see Chapter 10.
 
      5. Fix the TROPIX resident on the hard disk, if
        present problems.
 
After the "reset", the "boot1" (the first stage of operation
"boot") will be read from the CDROM or floppy. It is written the message:
 
 
      TROPIX CD boot1, Version: 4.9.0, from 17:06:06
 
      >
 
 
<Enter> Key will read the "boot2" (the second stage) of the CDROM
or floppy; after reading, we have the message
 
 
      TROPIX boot2, Version: 4.9.0, from 17:11:08
 
      Copyright © 1988-2008 NCE / UFRJ
 
      Pentium ................................
      .................................................. ..
      ........ (and other data from computer) ............
      .................................................. ..
 
 
Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 19
 
 
 
      boot>
 
 
  At this point, the "boot2" is awaiting a command. He is a
  versatile program, which can (among others) load and run a
  program, edit / print the partition table and list the contents
  or the memory device. If keyboard "", it prints its
  list of commands.
 
  In our case, we hit "-i" to decompress the image of
  ROOT file system from the CDROM or floppy disk to an area in
  end of main memory. This area will then be used as a
  Ramdas, ie the simulation of a disk into memory.
 
  After decompression, the message is written
 
 
      TROPIX Intel x86 - Version 4.9.0 of 28.11.08 ...
 
      Copyright © 1988-2008 NCE / UFRJ
 
      The operating system is distributed TROPIX ABSOLUTELY
      NO WARRANTY. This is a "software" free, and you are welcome
      to redistribute it under certain conditions, for details,
      type "man leave."
 
      Want to change parameters? (n):
 
 
  <Enter> Key again, the message appears
 
 
      TROPIX (Mycomputer) mono [5]:
 
 
  Once reached this point, the operating system already TROPIX
  took control in the way "single", with only a
  active virtual screen (the one you're using).
 
  Press <^ D>, to come in "multiplayer" in which several
  Virtual screens are available. Number will be written
  information on the screen, until a line containing:
 
      LOGIN:
 
  Enter "root" and will print the line:
 
      Password:
 
  Then press "tropix" (which will not be ecoado on screen) and finally
  will print the line:
 
      root @ Mycomputer: [/ home / root] #
 
  Ready! A critical part was unsuccessful. The TROPIX is already running on
  multiuser mode on your computer.
 
 
  During loading, the core of the message write TROPIX
 
          Want to change parameters? (n):
 
  after which normally <Enter> key. With this, we accept the
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 20
 
 
  values "default" of parameters, which generally are desired.
  We can however modify various parameters, the most common
  the rootdev ", ie the device's root system. This parameter
  contains the value nodev (ie undefined), and the initialization of
  core, it seeks a suitable root. The order of search is:
 
    1. TROPIX partitions of hard drives (eg "hda2a");
 
    2. devices simulating disks from files
        MS-DOS/Windows (eg "MD1");
 
    3. CDROMs (eg "hdb" or "sdb").
 
    4. disks (eg "fd0").
 
  We can change the value "default", with a <raiz desejada>
  through
 
          rootdev = <raiz desejada>
 
  and then typing <^ D>. This is useful, for example, when it
  we have a root partition on a hard disk or file
  MS-DOS/Windows and want to start a new installation from the
  CDROM or floppy.
 
 
  Note that the keyboard was that after "LOGIN" is the name of the account ( "root"
  in the case) and that the keyboard was after "Password" is that their
  password ( "tropix" in case). This means that we are using
  the "root", which is the superuser account with credentials (almost)
  unlimited. This is necessary during installation, but is not
  recommended for normal use.
 
  To see this guide for distribution / installation of the screen
  computer, type "man install. To move forward / backward by
  several pages of the guide, use the command <^ D>, <^ U>. To view the
  content, use "2p" to go directly to the page <n> (obtained
  through the content), use "<n> p". To terminate the execution of
  "man", enter "q".
 
  To print this guide, use the command
 
 
      cat / usr / man / ref / install> / dev / lp
 
 
  (this is only possible if your PC has the printer on port / IRQ
  default). Remember that the guide uses the ISO-8859-1
  (Latin-1) character, if your printer does not accept this code
  character, use the command
 
 
      stty ascii 2> / dev / lp
 
 
  before the "cat" to remove the accents of the characters.
 
  If your printer is a HP, accepting the PCL language, you
  can use the command "hpprint.
 
  Another possibility is to print this guide through
  MS-DOS/Windows using the sequence of commands:
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 21
 
 
      mount / dev/hda1 / mnt
      cp / usr / man / ref / install / mnt
      umount / dev/hda1
 
 
  where "/ dev/hda1" should be replaced by a partition DOS / Windows
  FAT 16/32 right (in general you can use your own "/ dev/hda1",
  it probably is the drive "C"). To obtain the names
  the partitions corresponding to MS-DOS/Windows partitions, use the
  command "prdisktb.
 
  After these commands, print the file "install" by
  MS-DOS/Windows, it is better to use Windows, because the code
  of characters used (ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1)).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 22
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 9 *
      * *
      * PREPARATION OF floppy / * OTHER ARCHIVES
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  This chapter contains information only for installation by
  floppy disks. If you are installing from a CDROM, you can
  skip it.
 
  Note that the collection "tropix.tgz" contains the image of 2 disks,
  BOOT and GAR1. The BOOT disk, has been created in Chapter 6.
 
  If you have a partition DOS / Windows or NTFS on your FAT16/32
  computer, creating a floppy GAR1 may be waived. The idea
  is to copy the image to a directory "\ TROPIX" partition
  DOS / Windows.
 
    1. If you use a UNIX system, you must use the commands
        type:
                  mount / dev/hda1 / mnt
                  mkdir / mnt / TROPIX
                  gar1.dsk cp / mnt / TROPIX
                  umount / dev/hda1
 
        where "/ dev/hda1" may be replaced by another partition
        DOS / Windows you want.
 
        If your partition is NTFS, find out if your UNIX system
        supports the writing in these file systems, many
        UNIX systems (including Linux) support in general only
        reading).
 
    2. If you use WinXP/Win2000/WinNT/Win98/Win95/Win3.x should
        use the "Windows Explorer" to create the directory
        "C: \ TROPIX" and then copy the file "gar1.dsk" for the
        directory created. Instead of "C", can be used another
        desired partition.
 
 
  If you do not have a partition DOS / Windows or NTFS on your FAT16/32
  computer, or is wanting to install on another computer TROPIX,
  GAR1 the disk must be created.
 
  This should be done the way already seen in Chapter 6 of course
  susbtituindo to "boot.dsk" by "gar1.dsk.
 
  Use diskettes new, of good quality. Many of the errors
  reported are caused by defective disks.
 
  After creation, we protect the disk against written.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 23
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 10 *
      * *
      * METHODS OF INSTALLING TROPIX disk *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  There are two ways to install the disk TROPIX:
 
    1. In the TROPIX own partitions. This mode offers the best
        performance, but the installation requires a certain care.
        Can be optionally installed a manager "boot",
        to allow the choice of operating system to load.
        Follow the sequence of chapters 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
 
    2. In MS-DOS/Windows files. This mode does not offer a
        performance as good and "boot" of TROPIX will always be
        via CDROM or floppy, but the installation is more
        simple. See the chapters 11, 16 and 17.
 
  We suggest you read this guide to the end, before starting the
  installation, so you'll have a better overview and can evaluate
  the various options appropriately.
 
  The procedures for the installation of TROPIX described here were
  made for the installation takes place without setbacks. In
  However, it is possible that (by neglect of the user) is the loss of
  existing files on your computer and / or the operating system
  original (eg MS-DOS/Windows) can not run more.
  This may occur mainly due to the misuse of
  editor of partitions "fdisk" (Chapter 13).
 
  Even during normal use of the system (after installation
  correct), it is possible to accidentally remove files
  MS-DOS/Windows for use with mounted FAT partition, or using
  the "dosmp.
 
  Although we have tested the operation of the system, believing that
  it does not contain any serious error, where there is theoretically a
  possibility that, through some error still unknown,
  is affected some other operating system.
 
  WE DO NOT LIABLE FOR THESE POSSIBLE ACCIDENTS! YOU
  IS INSTALLING / USING TROPIX UNDER ITS OWN
  LIABILITY AND RISK!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 24
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 11 *
      * *
      * INSTALLATION TROPIX IN THE ARCHIVES MS-DOS/Windows *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  This mode offers a performance not as good as the installation of
  Partitions in TROPIX own, in contrast, the installation is more
  simply because it is not necessary to rearrange the partitions of the disk.
  This method is only possible with file systems FAT-16 or
  FAT-32, is still not possible with NTFS.
 
  The idea is to use an existing partition of
  MS-DOS/Windows it and create the directory "\ TROPIX" containing 2
  files: "ROOT" and "HOME". These files will contain the systems
  TROPIX files and load the system will be done through CDROM
  or floppy disk.
 
  The steps of the installation are:
 
    1. Initially it is interesting to verify the integrity of
        MS-DOS/Windows partition chosen. For this use the
        CHKDSK utility or SCANDISK (MS-DOS or Windows).
 
        Another option is to use NDD (Norton Disk Doctor) of "NORTON
        Utilities. "Note the size of available free space of
        partition chosen: for a normal installation are
        required 128 MB.
 
    2. As a second step, we defragment the partition
        chosen. This means compress all files
        MS-DOS/Windows the beginning of the partition, so it is
        only a free area at the end, which will create the 2
        files in the directory "\ TROPIX. This can be done by
        Defrag utility (MS-DOS or Windows) or the DISK SPEED
        the "Norton Utilities".
 
    3. Enter the BOOT ROM or floppy disk and load the TROPIX
        system (as in chapter 8). Log in multiuser mode.
 
    4. Go to the directory "/ usr / etc / install" (use the command "cd
        / usr / etc / install "). The normal installation will occupy 128 MB of
        MS-DOS/Windows your partition (64 MB for the ROOT, 64 MB for
        HOME), which is sufficient for the graphical interface
        X-Window. If you have this space available and is
        happy with it, go to step 5.
 
        To change the size of the installation, just edit the file
        "install.dos" (see chapter 25, for an introduction to the use
        the text editor "vi"). To change the size of a
        file, simply change the number after the line that
        starting with "mkfile.
 
    5. Start the installation, typing the command "install.dos.
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 25
 
 
        Note that with "C:" we are referring to the first partition
        regular first disc, ditto with "D" for the second
        disc.
 
        This step creates the 2 files in the partition MS-DOS/Windows
        chosen, creates file systems and copies the TROPIX
        TROPIX files to the hard disk. During installation
        (if you're installing from floppy disks) will be
        need an additional disk (whose content will be lost)
        to be used for the loading of TROPIX. Follow the instructions.
 
        If you want to keep an older version of system
        HOME files, DO NOT delete the file MS-DOS/Windows HOME
        (disregard the message "The file" home "already exists") and
        respond affirmatively to the question "Want to keep the
        older version of HOME ".
 
    6. Congratulations! The TROPIX is already installed and operational in its
        hard disk.
 
        If you want to run TROPIX, simply reload the
        system (<ctl-alt-del> typing or <reset>) with the CDROM or the
        DOS floppy disk inserted. In the case of the CDROM, it is necessary
        modify the system root for "MD1" during loading of
        nucleus (ie, type 'MD1 = rootdev).
 
        If the CDROM and floppy are not entered, will
        loading the operating system standard (eg
        MS-DOS/Windows). To exit the TROPIX, use the command
        "shutdown".
 
    7. To uninstall TROPIX its MS-DOS/Windows partition,
        simply remove the directory "\ TROPIX" (along with their 2
        files).
 
  To facilitate the future installation of a new version of TROPIX,
  recommend placing your files only on your private
  the "home" (the file name starting with "/ home /...").
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 26
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 12 *
      * *
      Disks and partition * *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  To install the partitions in TROPIX own (which enables the
  best performance) to have a basic concept of how
  are organized on PC hard drives.
 
  Each disc is divided into one or more sections called
  "partitions". Each of these partitions is designed to be used by
  an operating system (in some cases some of the partitions can
  be shared by two or more operating systems).
 
  We can have up to 4 partitions "regular" (or "primary") in each
  disc. If this number is not enough, we can define one of
  partitions as the type "extended", which may contain several
  other (sub-) partitions partitions called "logical".
 
  Users of MS-DOS/Windows certainly have had contact with
  partitions, since these systems each partition receives a letter,
  starting from "C". Thus, we have partitions "C", "D", "E", ...
 
  The nomenclature used in TROPIX is quite different set of letters
  above. Let's consider a computer with one IDE disk. The
  four partitions are called "hda1", "hda2", "hda3" and
  "hda4. If one is "extended" for example "hda3" she
  contain the (sub-) partitions "logical" hda3a "," hda3b, "... Besides
  this, we have "hda" to represent the disc as a whole.
 
  If your computer has more of an IDE disk, the second is the
  "hdb ..." instead of "hda ..." (simply replace the "at" with "b" in
  example above). If your computer has SCSI disks, the names will be
  "sda ..."," sdb ...", ... (simply replace the "h" in "s" in the example
  above).
 
  As already mentioned, we have only one extended partition. By
  this, in TROPIX was a new type of partition
  extended (the extended partition type TROPIX), structurally
  identical to the original, but with a different identification code. The
  objective is to enable the grouping of all (sub-) partitions
  TROPIX desired in only one partition (extended) alone, even
  which is already an extended partition traditional (we call
  kind of).
 
  Choosing the distribution of its multiple partitions (one or
  mais) disks, must be taken into account how many disks are
  present, how many partitions are needed / already allocated, ...
 
  In the example of the next chapter, we create a (new) partition
  Extended (Type TROPIX) to include all partitions TROPIX.
  This is a simple and elegant, it only need
  particiju vague.
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 27
 
 
  Naturally, we can also create a partition for each regular
  TROPIX desired partition, or adding new partitions
  logical TROPIX a DOS extended partition already exists.
 
  For the purpose of "boot", the file system of ROOT can TROPIX
  be allocated to any partition of any disk.
 
  If space is available in more than one hard disk,
  strongly advised to distribute the partitions between the various
  discs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 28
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 13 *
      * *
      * The EDITOR of partitions "fdisk" *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  As with other operating systems also have the TROPIX
  your partition editor, who (as usual) is also called
  "fdisk". However, TROPIX the "fdisk" is incorporated into
  "boot2," and can only be performed during loading of the system (and not
  with the system already running). The idea is to emphasize the impossibility
  to change the partitions to the system in operation.
 
  To run "fdisk", insert the CDROM or floppy disk of the BOOT
  TROPIX, and recharge the system (as in chapter 8). When
  arise the "prompt" boot> "the" boot2, "type"-f ":
 
 
    boot>-f
 
    Entering the editor, tables, partitions "fdisk"
 
    Enter "?" for a list of commands
 
    Disk "hda": 6149.88 MB (12594960 blocks) geo = (784, 255, 63, L)
 
    IND. -DEV-AD-START-- END-BLOCK-TAM (MB) TYPE
 
      1 hda1 * 63 4209029 4208967 2055.16 0C DOS FAT32 (L)
 
 
  The geometry of the disc ( "geo") is given by the number of cylinders
  (784), number of heads (255) and the number of sectors per track
  (63). The letter "L" indicates that the end to this disc, the extensions
  the INT 13 BIOS are active (otherwise, the letter indicated
  would be "G").
 
 
  As with the "prompt" the "fdisk", typing "?" get a list
  commands available:
 
 
    fdisk>?
 
    Editor of the partition table
 
    commands:
          -: Print the partition table
          p: Idem with vacancies areas
          c: Exchange the device (disk)
          n: Creates a new partition
          d: Delete a partition
          m: Changes the size of a partition
          a: Exchange the state (active / not active) partition
          l: Prints the types of partitions
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 29
 
 
          t: Exchange type of partition
          s: Print the vague areas of the disc
          u: On / off alignment (starts on)
          w: Rewrite (updates) the partition table on disk
          q: Terminates the execution of the editor of partitions
 
    Note: For any given application, "n" command cancels the
 
 
  Initially we will create an extended partition to contain the 2
  file systems (traditional) of TROPIX. Press "n" and follow the
  following dialog (note the choice of the extended partition type):
 
 
    fdisk> n
 
    Give the desired type: regular (r), extended (e) or logical (l): e
 
    Number of partition = 2? (s):
 
    Give the type of extended partition: DOS (d) or TROPIX (x): x
 
    Initial block = 4209030? (s):
 
    End block = 12402179 (4000.56 MB)? (s): n
 
    Take the desired size (MB): 128
 
    Disk "hda": 6149.88 MB (12594960 blocks) geo = (784, 255, 63, L)
 
    IND. -DEV-AD-START-- END-BLOCK-TAM (MB) TYPE
 
      1 hda1 * 63 4209029 4208967 2055.16 0C DOS FAT32 (L)
      2 hda2 4209030 4482134 273105 133.35 AE TROPIX Extended
 
 
  At this point we can (optionally) use the "u" for not
  align the following partitions (see below). The example continues
  assuming that we have not the command "u".
 
 
  Then we create a logical partition to the root. Press "n" and
  follow the following dialogue:
 
 
    fdisk> n
 
    Give the desired type: regular (r), extended (e) or logical (l): l
 
    Extended partition "hda2":
 
    Initial block = 4209093? (s):
 
    End block = 4482134 (133.32 MB)? (s): n
 
    Take the desired size (MB): 64
 
    Disk "hda": 6149.88 MB (12594960 blocks) geo = (784, 255, 63, L)
 
    IND. -DEV-AD-START-- END-BLOCK-TAM (MB) TYPE
 
      1 hda1 * 63 4209029 4208967 2055.16 0C DOS FAT32 (L)
      2 hda2 4209030 4482134 273105 133.35 AE TROPIX Extended
      3 hda2a 4209093 4353614 144522 70.57 A9 TROPIX T1
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 30
 
 
 
 
  Then we create a logical partition to HOME. Press "n" and
  follow the following dialogue:
 
 
    fdisk> n
 
    Give the desired type: regular (r), extended (e) or logical (l): l
 
    Extended partition "hda2":
 
    Initial block = 4353678? (s):
 
    End block = 4482134 (62.72 MB)? (s):
 
    Disk "hda": 6149.88 MB (12594960 blocks) geo = (784, 255, 63, L)
 
    IND. -DEV-AD-START-- END-BLOCK-TAM (MB) TYPE
 
      1 hda1 * 63 4209029 4208967 2055.16 0C DOS FAT32 (L)
      2 hda2 4209030 4482134 273105 133.35 AE TROPIX Extended
      3 hda2a 4209093 4353614 144522 70.57 A9 TROPIX T1
      4 hda2b 4353678 4482134 128457 62.72 A9 TROPIX T1
 
 
  Finally, we will enable the root partition, to allow the load
  system ( "boot") by the load manager (the "boot0).
  Press "a" and follow the following dialogue:
 
 
    fdisk> to
 
    Index of the partition: 3
 
    Disk "hda": 6149.88 MB (12594960 blocks) geo = (784, 255, 63, L)
 
    IND. -DEV-AD-START-- END-BLOCK-TAM (MB) TYPE
 
      1 hda1 * 63 4209029 4208967 2055.16 0C DOS FAT32 (L)
      2 hda2 4209030 4482134 273105 133.35 AE TROPIX Extended
      3 hda2a * 4209093 4353614 144522 70.57 A9 TROPIX T1
      4 hda2b 4353678 4482134 128457 62.72 A9 TROPIX T1
 
 
  Once attached to the partition table, we can write it in
  disk through the following commands:
 
 
    fdisk> w
 
    Rewrites the partition table? (n): s
 
    fdisk> q
 
    Leaving the editor, tables, partitions
 
    boot>
 
 
  The only command "dangerous" is the "w" (with the confirmation),
  as all other commands only modify the table of
  partitions in main memory, not update it on your hard disk.
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 31
 
 
  So you can "play" at will, creating and removing
  partitions, until you are satisfied with your configuration, giving
  then the "w" final.
 
  Note that the data sizes (128 MB, 64 MB and 64 MB) were
  followed exactly, in fact they were rounded to
  multiples of the size of the cylinder of the disk. As this disc has a
  reasonably large cylinder (255 * 63 = 16065 blocks = ~ 7.8 MB)
  differences are significant. One way to avoid this is to use
  command "u", which prevents the rounding.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 32
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 14 *
      * *
      * Reduce the size of a partition MS-DOS/Windows *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  One of the most frequent is to PCs that have only one disk
  Rigid fully occupied with only one partition MS-DOS/Windows,
  corresponding to "C:".
 
  In this case, at first sight, there are only 2 possibilities for
  more space for partitions TROPIX: install a new hard disk,
  or save your files and reinstall MS-DOS/Windows
  MS-DOS/Windows in a partition of smaller size.
 
  A third possibility is to reduce the partition
  MS-DOS/Windows in their location (ie, without destroying the
  its contents). This can be done by the command "chsize" of
  utility "dosmp. You can also use the "fips" of
  LINUX, or the program Partition Magic, Powerquest's name, if
  you by chance have the.
 
  Before using the command "chsize", to reduce the size of
  MS-DOS/Windows partition, it is essential to verify its integrity and
  defragmenting it. The verification of integrity can be made by
  CHKDSK utility or SCANDISK (the MS-DOS/Windows) or NDD
  (Norton Disk Doctor) of "Norton Utilities". The defragmentação can
  be made by the defrag utility (the MS-DOS/Windows), or the SPEED
  DISK of "Norton Utilities".
 
  Remember that the programs of defragmentation may NOT
  move the file to swap the MS-DOS/Windows. You must remove it
  (using the "Control Panel") and then reinstall it.
 
  If you or MIRROR IMAGE USA, the last sector of the partition contains a
  file "hidden" name of "\ image.idx" or "\ mirorsav.fil. You must
  remove this file (using "attrib" and "del"). It will be recreated
  the next time you run or MIRROR IMAGE (we hope,
  not tested).
 
  Another source of problems are the files named "* \ desktop .*", the
  which Windows does not move: they must be saved and later
  restored.
 
  If you a USA system compressed files with "Stacker,"
  "SuperStor", "Doublespace," ... possibly (?) "Chsize" will not
  work. Not tested "chsize" in these cases (even if we know
  PARTITION MAGIC the support).
 
  After defragmentation, insert the CDROM or floppy disk of the BOOT
  TROPIX and push the system (as in chapter 8), entering the
  multiuser mode.
 
  Remove the boot floppy (if you are installing from
  floppy disk) and insert a floppy disk (for example MS-DOS/Windows) and
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 33
 
 
  mount it by
 
      mount / dev/fd0 / fd0
 
  This disk is intended to store the original superbloco
  MS-DOS/Windows file system in case of any
  problems.
 
  Then press
 
      cd / fd0
      dosmp / dev/hda1
 
  where "/ dev/hda1" should be replaced by the corresponding partition
  MS-DOS/Windows the file system in question (in general will be
  the "/ dev/hda1" which is the drive "C").
 
  Typing
 
      chsize
 
  get (eg):
 
      Size of the existing DOS partition = 511.84 MB
      Current size of the file system DOS = 511.84 MB
      Space available at the end = 427.26 MB
 
  Make sure the free space available is sufficient for the new
  desired partition. In our example, we have enough space for the
  typical case of 128 MB (427.26> 128). Remember of course
  leave some room for future (new) files DOS.
 
  To free up 128 MB (which will be used for the new partition to be
  created for the TROPIX), we hit
 
      rw
      chsize-s 128
 
  and get (for example):
 
      Size of the existing DOS partition = 511.84 MB
      Current size of the file system DOS = 511.84 MB
      Space available at the end = 427.26 MB
 
      The new DOS partition size = 382.03 MB
                                                  (782401 blocks)
      Size of new file system DOS = 382.03 MB
      Size of the new partition (to be created) = 129.81 MB
                                                  (265856 blocks)
 
      Continue? (n):
 
  Note that the values are not exactly the requests due to
  rounding to whole cylinders.
 
  If we agree with the values given, we hit "s" and note
  the values given: the new DOS partition size = 382.03 MB, 782,401
  blocks and size of new partition (to be created) = 129.81 MB,
  265856 blocks.
 
  The command "dosmp" superbloco saves the original system
  DOS files in the file "dos_sb" the current directory (if in
  mounted disk) to the case of any problems.
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 34
 
 
  Then we do "dosmp" (with "q") and TROPIX (with "reboot").
 
  MS-DOS/Windows again between the system and make sure he
  still functioning properly. Check the integrity of
  file system (usually "C:") and if all your files
  remain accessible.
 
  If there is a problem with the system MS-DOS/Windows, restore the
  original file system, reload the TROPIX and running
  commands
 
      mount / dev/fd0 / fd0
      cd / fd0
      dos_sb dd if = of = / dev/hda1
 
  with the disk on which was stored in the original superbloco
  DOS system. In this case, notify us (using the address
  e of Chapter 1) the failure of "chsize.
 
  Once established that the system is working MS-DOS/Windows
  correctly, use the "fdisk" the TROPIX (as
  Chapter 13) to change the partition table.
 
  Initially, change the size of the DOS partition (using
  command "m"). The new size (value in blocks) should be
  exactly the size noted above (in this case, 382.03 MB, 782,401
  blocks).
 
  Finally, create a partition in space TROPIX released as
  example in Chapter 13 (in this case, 129.81 MB, 265856 blocks).
 
  Ready! It is time to install the new partition TROPIX,
  as Chapter 15.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 35
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 15 *
      * *
      * INSTALLATION TROPIX on partitions OWN *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  This is the best way, it offers the best performance and
  allows the installation of "boot0," a manager "boot". This
  manager allows the choice of operating system to load (from
  TROPIX way that can be loaded without the use of CDROM or
  diskette). He has been tested with Linux, FreeBSD and
  DOS/WinXP/Win2000/WinNT/Win98/Win95/Win3.x.
 
  If you're reading this chapter, we assume that you already have space in
  TROPIX disk partitions and have to learn how to use the editor,
  partitions "fdisk".
 
  The idea is to create two or more partitions for TROPIX. The
  minimum is to create a root partition. We recommend, however,
  create at least one more, HOME, to contain the files
  private users.
 
  If you have 128 MB available, we suggest 64 MB and 64 MB for ROOT
  for HOME, these sizes will be sufficient even for
  X-Window graphical interface. If you have more space available, you can
  increase the sizes of partitions, or to create partitions
  additional.
 
  The steps of the installation are:
 
    1. Create partitions for TROPIX by the editor of
        partitions "fdisk" (see chapter 13). DO NOT forget to
        "enable" the root partition. It is not necessary that the partition
        ROOT (which will be given the "boot") is the first disc.
 
        We suggest creating an extended partition type to TROPIX
        contain the various partitions needed / desired, that the
        But it is not necessary: it is more convenient for your
        case, the partitions TROPIX may also be of the "regular"
        ( "primary"), or logical partitions within a
        DOS extended partition type. If you have more than one
        disk, it is interesting to distribute the various partitions by
        disks.
 
    2. Enter the BOOT ROM or floppy disk and load the TROPIX
        system (as in chapter 8). Log in multiuser mode.
 
    3. Go to the directory "/ usr / etc / install" (use the command "cd
        / usr / etc / install "). Start the installation via the command
        "install". This step creates file systems in TROPIX
        selected partition and copies the files of the fundamental
        TROPIX to the hard disk. Follow the instructions.
 
        If you want to keep an older version of system
        HOME files, answer yes to question "Would
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 36
 
 
        keep the old version of HOME ", and for a copy of
        files does not permit the rewriting of the files. "profile."
 
  Congratulations! The TROPIX is already installed and operational on your disk
  rigid.
 
  If you installed the manager, "boot" to run
  TROPIX, recharge the system with the CDROM or floppy inserted BOOT,
  and "prompt"
 
      boot>
 
  <enter> hit. If the system is recharged without CDROM or
  will load the disk operating system "normal" (eg
  Windows 95/98).
 
  If you install the manager, after the recharge of the system
  manager prints a list of partition "active" of its
  several disks, and hopes you hit the index of the partition
  desired. The partition "default" can be modified through
  command "edboot.
 
  To exit the system TROPIX, use "shutdown".
 
  If the manager of "boot" does not work, reload the TROPIX
  via CDROM or floppy BOOT (enter in multiuser mode) and
  restore the original manager, running the command-type
 
              cat / etc / boot / mbr> / dev / hda
 
  and notify us (via e-mail address in Chapter 1) to
  failure of "boot0.
 
  To facilitate the future installation of a new version of TROPIX,
  recommend placing your files only on your private
  the "home" (the file name starting with "/ home /...").
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 37
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 16 *
      * *
      * SET OF USB DRIVERS *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  The TROPIX (in current version) supports the standard USB drivers
  UHCI, OHCI and EHCI.
 
  There are estimates of up to 8 controllers ( "usb0" to "usb7"), the system comes
  configured with the drivers "usb0" to "usb3" authorized and
  other disabled.
 
  This can be changed (only for the implementation of the system)
  through the modification of parameters during loading of the system;
  respond affirmatively to the question
 
          Want to change parameters? (n):
 
  as mentioned in Chapter 8, and change the values of "usb0" the
  "usb7" to 0 or 1.
 
  For enabling / disabling of the drivers (so
  permanent) use the command "edscb" (Use "SCB man" and "man edscb).
 
  To verify that the USB controller is being recognized
  correctly, monitor the messages during the loading of the system (or
  then use the command "dmesg" later).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 38
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 17 *
      * *
      * AND NOW ... *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  Once the system up and running, we all
  TROPIX the manual (in Portuguese) available through the utility
  "man." Moreover, all the commands provide a brief summary of
  its use through the option "-H" (eg "passwd-H).
 
  To see the utilitarian "passwd" (for example), press
  "man passwd". To move forward / backward by several pages of
  hand, we have the commands <^ D>, <^ U>. To terminate the execution of
  "man", use "q". Try "man man".
 
  We first change the password to the account "root" and
  the establishment of regular accounts (ie not super). To
  change passwords, use the command "passwd"; to
  creation / management of accounts, use the command "edusr.
 
  Also an important task is to update the file
  "/ etc / fstab", which contains information of the file systems
  mount. Read the manual of "fstab" (fmt), "getmntent" (libc) and
  "mount" (cmd). In particular, if you do not have the partition HOME,
  remove the line from "/ etc / fstab."
 
  From time to time (say once a week) is interesting
  check the integrity of file systems. Thus, after
  the load of the system (still in the "single"), use the command
  "fsck". Note that the file "/ etc / fstab" also controls the
  file systems examined by "fsck" (to put the
  "/ dev / root" as the last in the list). For a list of all
  partitions in different disks on your computer, use
  "prdisktb.
 
  Through the command "edscb" you can change the computer name
  ( "nodename") and set the ports / IRQs of your devices (ports
  serial, parallel, "ethernet", ...). Use "man SCB" and "man edscb.
 
  The TROPIX is distributed in the DMA of the IDE controllers off,
  as with certain drivers can cause problems. Try
  connect it via "dmaenable = 1", initially during the "boot"
  to test, and if working properly, the file "/ tropix"
  through the utility "edscb. With this, you will increase the
  performance of your IDE hard disks.
 
  Read Chapter 26, which is given a list of key commands
  the TROPIX.
 
  Learn to use the "history" of the "sh". It allows rerun
  commands, even with modifications (each line of the history can
  be edited with the same command of the "vi", before being
  rerun).
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 39
 
 
  This version of TROPIX already has the "sbwave" to play
  PCM music through signs "Sound Blaster" ISA, see the manual.
 
  During installation, the Internet is already configured to work in
  internal mode ( "loopback"), which is required by Interface
  Graphical X-Window. To configure the Internet for use with other
  devices, use "man internet".
 
  For mounting remote file systems through the System
  Archives of NFS (Network File System), use "man nfs".
 
  Read chapter 18: he mentions features unconventional
  the TROPIX, which include the system for considering them useful.
 
  To install the X-Window Graphical Interface, see the chapters
  19 to 22.
 
  To obtain / compile the source code TROPIX, see the chapters
  23 and 24.
 
  Naturally, this chapter gives only a summary of the general direction
  to be taken. The ideal is to consult a book of introduction to UNIX.
 
  TROPIX hope that it will be useful both in learning of
  UNIX systems, philosophy, and the use of another system
  operational. For questions or reports of errors, use the
  address in Chapter 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 40
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 18 *
      * *
      * ORIGINAL FEATURES AND BUSINESS OF TROPIX *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  Although the TROPIX is a UNIX system of philosophy, some
  unique characteristics that are not found in other
  such systems. Below are given some of these
  originalities:
 
    1. In most UNIX systems, when a file list
        several pages in the video, it "rolls" off the screen before
        can read it. We then use the command "more" in the form
 
                  cat texto.txt | more
 
        or,
 
                  more texto.txt
 
        This is the case, too, if we use the command "ls-l" with
        directories containing many files.
 
        In TROPIX, this is not necessary, the output of the video is paused
        when she completes the number of lines visible. To
        continue to output the video, just hit <^ Q>.
 
        This can be changed via the command "stty" (see
        the manual).
 
    2. The utility "show" allows you to view a text file
        so should the video, can advance / rewind
        on the text with commands similar to the text editor
        "vi". It is especially useful for examining the output of a
        program, using a "pipe" (see manual).
 
    3. The command "extend": This utility is an extension of the "tar",
        Standard UNIX world. The "crease", and create / extract collections
        of the "tar", collections of extracting the "cpio", he
        create / extract / compare / add collections of the format itself
        ( "GAR") with / without compression. You certainly have used the
        "extend" to install the TROPIX (see manual).
 
    4. The utilities "cmptree / cptree" allow
        copy / compare / update the file system tree
        places to own computers (see the manual).
 
    5. The family of utilities "tcmpto" allows
        copy / compare / update the file system tree
        to / from the local computer and a remote computer through
        own protocol for TCP / IP (see the manual).
 
 
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 41
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 19 *
      * *
      INTRODUCTION * The graphical interface X-WINDOW *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  The X-Window system for TROPIX is a graphical interface based on
  version 4.7.0 distributed by the XFree86 consortium.
 
  This version includes specific servers for some of
  graphics cards more usual. Besides, are distributed to
  Client minimum necessary for the functioning of the system.
 
  Although the modern monitors have circuitry to protect
  against the use frequencies with horizontal and vertical undue,
  theoretically there is always the possibility of damaging your
  monitor.
 
  WE DO NOT LIABLE FOR THESE POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO YOUR
  MONITOR. YOU ARE INSTALLING / USING THE GRAPHICAL INTERFACE OF
  TROPIX UNDER YOUR OWN RISK AND RESPONSIBILITY!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 42
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 20 *
      * *
      * CREATION AND INSTALLATION OF floppy / * ARCHIVES
      * * GRAPHIC INTERFACE
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  This chapter contains information only for installation by
  floppy disks. If you are installing from a CDROM, you can
  skip it.
 
 
 
  The distribution of the graphical interface X-Window is done by
  collection "xwin.tgz": get it from the page of TROPIX
  ( "http://tropix.nce.ufrj.br).
 
  Once having obtained this collection, it is necessary to prepare the 2
  files or create the 2 disks, 3 ½ ". It contains the following
  files:
 
                  fdimage.exe
                  xwin1.dsk
                  xwin2.dsk
 
  The file "fdimage.exe" is a copy utility for Windows
  (You probably already has it, obtained during the installation of TROPIX
  basic), and the remaining files are the contents of 2 disks.
 
  As in the case of TROPIX basic, if you have a partition
  DOS / Windows FAT16/32 or NTFS on your computer, the creation of
  XWIN1 disks and XWIN2 may be waived. Follow the script
  Chapter 9 (replacing "gar1" by "xwin1" and "xwin2).
 
  As with disks or files prepared from the system
  TROPIX (as superuser), go to the directory "/ usr / etc / install",
  and run the command
 
                  install.xwin
 
  and follow their instructions. The system needs about 10 MB in
  disc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 43
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 21 *
      * *
      * * GRAPHIC CONFIGURATION INTERFACE
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  Once installed all the files from the X-Window Graphical Interface
  (if you are installing via the CDROM that is automatic for
  case of disks see chapter above), we give below the
  method step by step to the system configuration. This should be
  done as superuser.
 
    1. Setting the "internet": She is running to at least
        access to internal ( "loopback"), that normally, the
        installation of TROPIX already held. For details, see
        the manual "internet" (via the command "man").
 
    2. Specification of "mouse": The system is configured for
        "mouse" PS / 2.
 
        For other types of mouse, the file
        "/ usr / xwin / conf / xconfig" should be edited. If your "mouse"
        for serial (COM1, COM2) or USB, move the two characters "#"
        lines of its type "mouse" to the two lines of
        "mouse" PS / 2.
 
        Use the "dmesg" to check if, during loading
        system, the "mouse" is being recognized.
 
    3. Implementation of server-mode 16 colors (4 bits).
        Initially the configuration file
        "/ usr / xwin / conf / xconfig" is ready to run
        server on the standard VGA graphics mode, 16 colors and
        resolution of 640x480 and 800x600. This method should work with
        any video card, and will be its (only) option if your
        plate has not succeed in attempts below.
 
        Thus, simply typing the command "startx" (without having changed
        the configuration file). The system starts with the bottom
        Standard TROPIX, two windows "xterm", a clock and
        selector of "desktops". In each window "xterm" is
        run the interpreter of standard commands "sh".
 
        To return to text mode, the simplest way is typing
        <ctl-alt-bs> simultaneously.
 
        This is the most basic mode of operation of the system
        X-Window, if it does not work send us the files
        "/ var / log / xwin / xserver.log" and "/ var / log / xwin / xclients.log"
        to address in Chapter 1.
 
    4. Determination of the graphics card: Once in the operating mode
        16 colors, we can see if there is the possibility of
        use a specific server for your graphics card.
        This will provide the ability to use a wider range of
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 44
 
 
        colors, and other resolutions (800x600, 1024x768, 1280x1024,
        ...).
 
        Depending on your graphics card, you can edit the file
        configuration "/ usr / xwin / conf / xconfig". If an ATI,
        put in the comment lines:
 
                  Driver "SVGA"
                  Device "Generic VGA"
 
        placing a "#" at the beginning of the line, and take the comment of
        lines:
 
                  Driver "accel"
                  Device "ati"
 
        Also, change the number of bits per color commenting on the
        line:
 
                  DefaultColorDepth 4
 
        and making the "#" one of the lines (try):
 
                  DefaultColorDepth 8
                  DefaultColorDepth 16
                  DefaultColorDepth 24
 
        For each trial, and in graphical mode typing "startx",
        and to return to text mode, press both
        <ctl-alt-bs>. Get information of success / failure in
        file "/ var / log / xwin / xserver.log.
 
        The instructions are similar, if your card is an NVIDIA
        TRIDENT or, using
 
                  Device "nv"
        or
                  Device "trident"
 
    5. If your graphics card is not one of the above, or the
        above attempts were unsuccessful, you can only (in
        this version) how to use 16 colors (4 bits).
 
    6. To change the resolution, hit <ctl-alt-+> or <ctl-alt-->
        ( "+" And "-" the numeric keypad).
 
 
  Once running, you can try to change the number of colors and
  the size of your "desktop". In case of not, send us the
  two files in the directory "/ var / log / xwin" as above.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 45
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 22 *
      * *
      * USE OF BASIC GRAPHICAL INTERFACE *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  As with the system in operation, we have (with the already mentioned
  above), two windows "xterm", a clock and a selector of
  "desktops".
 
  The small window "xterm" is superior to the "console", and should not be
  normally used, since it will be written to the error messages
  operating system.
 
  To move a window, click and drag the button on the left of
  "mouse" in the frame of the window.
 
  To change the size of a window, click and drag the button to
  left of the "mouse" in one of the 4 corners of the window (not all
  windows admit this).
 
  To promote a window (ie, put it in front of others),
  click the button in the left frame of the window. To demote it
  (ie put it behind the other), click the button on the right
  frame of the window. If you have a mouse, 3 buttons, you can
  also promote a window with the middle mouse button.
 
  The button on the left, clicked out of any window, presents a
  "menu" of tools, plus the option to exit the graphics mode
  (back to text mode). The button on the right, clicked off
  any window, displays a list of active windows.
 
  Everything that has been described so far is the "desktop" 0.
  Clicking on another selector of "desktop" (on the bottom
  right), you will have a new space for the creation of independent
  windows. You have (in this configuration), 6 "desktops".
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 46
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 23 *
      * *
      * OBTAINING AND INSTALLING THE SOURCE CODE * TROPIX
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  The source code is distributed TROPIX through 3 files
  "kernel.tgz" (the core system), "lib.tgz" (the library) and
  "cmd.tgz" (the tools). These are collections of compressed TAR
  through the utility "gzip".
 
  Once a collection "*. tgz" through a browser, should
  decompress it. This can be done in several ways:
 
    1. If you stored the collection "*. tgz 'in a file system
        DOS / Windows FAT16/32 and is installed with the TROPIX may
        access it directly through the TROPIX, mounting the partition
        with a command of the form
 
            mount / dev/hda1 / mnt
 
        Then unpack it with:
 
            cd / mnt / ... (Directory TROPIX)
            gunzip *. tgz (name of collection)
            crease-ixv <*. tar (name of the collection obtained TAR)
            rm *. tar (Remove the collection TAR)
 
    2. If your partition DOS / Windows is NTFS (as it is only of
        reading), the above procedure should be performed after
        copy the file "*. tgz" for a partition TROPIX.
 
    3. If you are using a UNIX system, you should use the
        utility "gunzip" and "tar." Check the details in your
        UNIX system.
 
    4. If you are only using Windows, you can decompress the collection
        with the "Winzip" and read each of the programs through
        of utilities "Notepad", "Wordpad" or "Word," among others.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 47
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 24 *
      * *
      * COMPILATION OF THE NUCLEUS, LIBRARIES *
      * E * TROPIX OF BUSINESS
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  Below we give guidelines for compiling the various components of
  distribution of source code TROPIX:
 
 
    1. NUCLEUS OF THE SYSTEM: Once the tree with the core installed
        TROPIX in, you can compile the various modules that
        part: "boot/boot0", "boot/boot1", "boot/boot2" and
        "kernel".
 
        In each of the directories is the "Makefile" to control
        their compilation.
 
        Note that in the "kernel" for the file "scbfile.v" that
        contains parameters to configure your kernel in particular
        (see "edscb" (cmd)).
 
    2. LIBRARIES: At the root of the tree is a "Makefile" for
        compilation of all 4 libraries. If desired, you can
        be compiled each one separately (going to the
        corresponding directory).
 
    3. BUSINESS: At the root of the tree is a "Makefile" for
        compilation of all utilities. If desired, may be
        each separately compiled (going to the directory
        appropriate).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 48
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 25 *
      * *
      * THE USE OF the text editor "vi" *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
  The utility "vi" is the editor of texts "pattern" of schemes
  operational philosophy of UNIX. This chapter will be given
  short introduction to its use, enough to make changes
  in the configuration files (which may be required)
  during the installation of TROPIX.
 
  More details can be seen (later with the system
  on a regular basis), by "man vi" or "man-g
  vi.
 
  To edit a file (for example, the name "abc"), keyboard "vi
  abc "and" vi "starts its operation showing the first
  page file "abc" with the cursor on the first character of
  first line.
 
  We can then use the following commands (note that the cursor
  indicates where the command will be executed):
 
      <sp> Goes (the cursor from) a character on the line.
      Back <bs> a character on the line.
      "-" Back one line in the file.
      <enter> Goes a line in the file.
      <^ D> Go half a page in the file.
      <^ U> Back half page in the file.
      "1" Back to the top of the file.
      "g" Goes to the end of the file.
 
      i Inserts text before cursor (up to a <esc>).
      "a" Inserts text after the cursor (up to a <esc>).
      "the" creates new line and insert text (up to a <esc>).
      "x" Remove the character indicated by the cursor.
      "dd" Remove a line.
      "yyp" Copy a row.
 
      "/..." Search string "..."
      n Find the next occurrence of the chain.
      "N" Find the previous occurrence of string.
 
      "." Repeats the last command for editing.
      "u" Undo the last command for editing.
 
      "w" Upgrade the.
      "q" Get off the "vi" (only if the file is updated).
      ": q!" Get the "vi" without updating the file.
 
  Note that the file being edited ( "abc" in the case) will only be
  updated when given the command "w". If you made
  accidentally change any unwanted, we can leave the "vi"
  with the command ": q!", saving the file to its original form.
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 49
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ************************************************** *******
      * *
      * Chapter 26 *
      * *
      * A LIST OF MAJOR CONTROLS OF TROPIX *
      * *
      ************************************************** *******
 
 
 
 
  For your convenience, we give below an alphabetical list of
  TROPIX the major commands, along with a brief description
  of each. For more information about a command "x" (for
  example), use "man x".
 
      a2ps - converter for text files in PostScript
      as - assembler for INTEL-80386/486/PENTIUM
      bison - generates parsers of GNU
      c - write the lines of a file in multiple columns
      cat - concatenate files and copies
      cc - compiler for the language "C"
      cdplay - plays tracks from CDs
      cdtowave - Extract tracks from CDs
      chgrp - change the identity of the group of files
      chmod - changes the access permission of files
      chown - change the owner ID (UID) of files
      clear - clears the screen of the terminal
      CLR - clears the screen of the terminal
      cls - clears the screen of the terminal
      cmp - compares pairs of files
      cmpobj - compares pairs of object modules
      cmptree - compare trees
      comm - select or reject lines common to two files
                  ordered
      coremap - print a map of the memory allocation
      cp - copy files
      cpfs - copy file systems
      cptree - copies a tree
      crypt - encode / decodes files
      date - shows / update the date / time of the current system
      dc - desk calculator with integer arithmetic
      dd - convert and copy files
      df - information on the available space systems
                  archives
      diff - differential file comparator
      dmesg - print messages initial loading of the core
      dosmp - mount / place a file system format
                  MS-DOS/Windows
      du - reported on the use of disk
      echo - echoes the arqumentos
      ed - text editor, guided by lines
      edboot - manage "boot0" and "boot2"
      editscb - edit / print the block to control the Internet
      edobj - publisher of object modules
      edscb - print / edit the control block of the core of
                  TROPIX
      edusr - manages the accounts / passwords
      eject - eject removable means of a device
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 50
 
 
      ex - editor of visual texts
      exportfs - list / update the table "exports" of NFS
      FDC - computer desk with floating arithmetic
      fdisk - print and / or modify the partition table
                  a disc
      fdformat - format floppies
      file - tries to identify the contents of a file
      finger - get information about remote users
      fsck - check the consistency of file systems
      fsdefrag - improves the allocation of blocks of a system of
                  archives
      fsname - query / update names / volume systems
                  archives
      ftp - program to copy files from remote Internet
      crease - utility for creating / updating collections
                  files
      grep - search for patterns in files
      gunzip - compress or expand files
      gzip - compress or expand files
      help - print summaries of use of commands
      hpprint - for HP DeskJet printer (PCL)
      ifdef - preprocessor performs partial
      includes - find files included
      kill - sends signals to processes
      lasttime - list the names of files modified recently
      lc - list contents of directories
      ld - link-editor for object modules
      ldshlib - loads / unloads a shared library
      linkoptim - replacing duplicate files by physical links
      ln - creates physical or symbolic links to files
      ls - list of files and content characteristics of
                  directories
      mail - send or receive letters from the mail
      make - manager of maintenance programs
      man - shows a manual on the screen of the terminal / video / window
      mkdev - create / update the devices for "/ dev"
      mkdir - create directories
      mkfifo - create FIFO
      mkfs - create a file system
      mklib - create / update libraries of object modules
      mknod - create a special file
      mount - mount a file system
      mv - move (change the name) files
      mvtree - move (trade name) of a tree / directory
      nettime - get the date / time current of a remote node
      nice - run a command with modified priority
      nm - print the table of symbols of object modules
      nohup - run a command immune to SIGHUP signal
      pallwd - all print directories current
      passwd - change the user password
      paste - joins lines from multiple files
      ping - Test to access a remote node
      pop3 - access a remote mailbox through the
                  POP3 protocol
      pr - print files
      prdisktb - Print the table of disks / partitions
      prsync - prints the status of the synchronization of processes
      ps - prints information about processes
      pwd - prints the current directory
      reboot - Closing the use of TROPIX, and reload the computer
      rlogin - enter into sitting on a remote node
      rm - Remove files
      rmdir - remove directories
      rmtree - remove trees
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 51
 
 
      sbvol - controls the volume of the sound card SB-16
      sbwave - Play music through the PCM sound card SB-16
      semafree - releasing the light by which the process is
                  waiting
      setmode - confer the protections of the right to file
                  system
      sh - command interpreter for
      show - displays a file on your terminal
      shutdown - reboot the computer after a certain time
      size - print size and characteristics of modules
                  object
      sleep - suspend the implementation of a time
      sort - sort and / or merge files
      sroff - Text Format
      strip - remove symbols from the tables of object-modules
      stty - consulting / change parameters of terminals / Videos
      su - to temporarily change the
      subst - search / replace strings in multiple files
      sync - Update the blocks of the disk cache
      sysmap - drawing a map to use some features of
                  system (graphics program)
      tac - decompile the description of an installed terminal /
                  Video
      tail - get the final part of a file
      tcmpfrom - comparison / update remote tree
                  (walking trees remote)
      tcmpto - comparison / update remote tree
                  (walking trees location)
      tcpfrom - remote copy of trees (trees walking
                  remote)
      tcpto - remote copy of trees (trees walking
                  local)
      tee - copy standard input to various files and
                  standard output
      telnet - communicates with a remote node using the protocol
                  TELNET
      test - test properties files
      textmap - print a table of reentrant programs in use
      tic - compiles and installs the description of a terminal / video
      touch - Change the times of files
      tpipe - write remote files on standard output
      tr - translate characters
      tty - print the name of the terminal / video
      umount - unmounts file systems
      uname - print identification system
      uniq - indicates repeat lines from a file
      untext - frees the resources of programs reentrant
      uptime - provides the time elapsed since the last "boot"
      vi - visual editor for text
      walk - walks in tree file system
      wc - count of pages, lines, words and characters
      who - tells who is in the system
      write - writes messages to another user
      xcoremap - drawing a map of the memory allocation
                  (program graph)
      xclock - analog clock (the graph)
      xcpu - draws the graph of CPU usage
      xd - "dump" in hexadecimal and ISO
      xdefrag - Improves the allocation of blocks of a system
                  T1 files
      xedit - simple text editor, for X-Window system
      xfm - graphical file manager
      xmandel - draws fractal images of Mandelbrot
      xpop3 - access a remote mailbox through the
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
 
 
 
 
 
  INSTALL (ref) TROPIX: Installation Guide Pag. 52
 
 
                  POP3 protocol
      xpaint - shows a picture (gif, jpeg, bmp or xpm) in a
                  window (the graphic)
      xterm - terminal emulator to ANSI X-Window
      ziptool - tool for devices Iomega ZIP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Version 4.9.0 Updated 10:12:08
</pre>


=== Step by Step guide ===
=== Step by Step guide ===
Line 3,999: Line 100:


fortune seems to be the coolest program so far.  coremap is pretty neat too.  The C compiler seems to be based on GCC, they did write their own assembler, linker.. It's a very strange system.
fortune seems to be the coolest program so far.  coremap is pretty neat too.  The C compiler seems to be based on GCC, they did write their own assembler, linker.. It's a very strange system.
==External links==
* [http://allegro.nce.ufrj.br/tropix/index.html O Sistema Operacional TROPIX] (in Spanish)


{{Nav Unix}}
{{Nav Unix}}
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[[Category: UNIX Clones]]

Latest revision as of 21:27, 18 December 2018


TROPIX

Logging into a TROPIX system
Type: Multi-tasking, multi-user
Creator: UFRJ
Architecture: 68010, IBMPC
This Version: 4.9.0 (Dec 2008)
Date Released: 1985


The TROPIX operating system got its start after UFRJ could not secure a source license to AT&T UNIX. So they decided to write their own. Using a Version 7 Motorola 68000 machine, they were able to clone out their own system. For a while the project seemed dead with the mainstream arrival of Linux, however there has been some new activity on the TROPIX front.

System requirements

Intel 486/PENTIUM or equivalent.
8MB of ram for text mode, 16MB of ram for X11.
IDE/ATA/SATA.
SCSI controllers:

  • Adaptec 1542 (ISA)
  • 2940/29160 (PCI).

Ethernet controllers:

  • (NE1000, NE2000 ISA/PCI)
  • 3Com 3c503
  • Realtek RTL 8129/8139

USB
PCI Modems

  • U.S. Robotics 56K PCI

Sound Cards

  • Sound Blaster 16

How do I get this to run?!

First you'll need some instructions. This is the google translated instructions:

TROPIX Manual

Step by Step guide

TROPIX CD boot

>  

enter

boot>

-f

n

r

s

s

s

s

fdisk>

w

s

q

boot>

-i


login root
password tropix

mkfs /dev/rhda1
mount /dev/hda1 /aroot
cd /usr/etc/install
install

s
hda1
s
n (it'll copy files)
s


reboot

I'm still working out the networking... 

/dev/ed0	dhcp
netmask=0.0.0.0, default

What Runs?

fortune seems to be the coolest program so far. coremap is pretty neat too. The C compiler seems to be based on GCC, they did write their own assembler, linker.. It's a very strange system.

External links


v • d • e UNIX Versions, Vendors and Related
Research Unix PDP-7 UNIX • V1 • V2 • V3 • V4 • V5 • V6 • V7 • V8 • V9 • V10 • LSX • MINI-UNIX • Unix/32V

AT&T and others - CB-UNIX • PWB/UNIX • USG UNIX • System III • System IV • System V • V7M • ULTRIX

BSD - 2.9 BSD • 2.10 BSD • 2.11 BSD • 3BSD • 4BSD • 4.1 BSD • 4.2 BSD • 4.3 BSD • 4.4 BSD

BSD Descendants 386BSD • NetBSD • FreeBSD • OpenBSD • NeXTSTEP • Darwin

Other - xv6 • AMIX • SunOS • Solaris • A/UX • XENIX • AIX • Dell UNIX

Clones - DEMOS • Coherent

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