Difference between revisions of "KD11-E/EA microcode"

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==External links==
 
==External links==
  
 +
* [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/1134/MP00082_1134_Vol2_Sep76.pdf 11/34 Vol 2. Field Maintenance Print Set] (MP00082) - contains microcode Flow Diagrams (on pp. 15-40 of the PDF)
 
* [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/1134/m8266_ucode.out.txt Dump of KD11-EA microcode on BitSavers] (in symbolic form)
 
* [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/1134/m8266_ucode.out.txt Dump of KD11-EA microcode on BitSavers] (in symbolic form)
  
 
[[Category: PDP-11 UNIBUS Processors]]
 
[[Category: PDP-11 UNIBUS Processors]]

Latest revision as of 18:26, 4 October 2024

The engineering drawings for the KD11-E CPU and KD11-EA CPU provide nice flow charts for the microcode in these CPUs; with one tiny exception, the microcode in the two is identical. (The KD11-EA contains additional microcode associated with the FP11-A Floating-Point Processor, which is not covered here.)

The difference is that the microinstruction 17-JJ is stored in location 002 in the KD11-E, and location 0744 in the KD11-EA. The reason for the change is unknown. Also, a dump of the KD11-EA microcode gives a different 'next microinstuction', from that given in the prints, for microinstruction 26-L (location 646); the prints show 9-F (location 320) as the next, but the dump gives 745. Again, the reason is unknown.

Flow chart index

The instructions/functionality covered on each page are as follows:

Page Contents
2 Instruction fetch and dispatch
3 Double op, source fetch
4 MOV
5 Double op, byte or SUB
6 Double op, destination fetch
7 Single op, modified dest
8 Single op, non-modified dest
9 JMP
10 JSR
11 SWAB
12 Shift, rotate
13 MFPI
14 MTPI
15 MTPS
16 MFPS
17 MARK, BR, RTS, CLx, SEx, SOB, RTI, RTT, NEG, WAIT, RESET
18 MUL/DIV
19 MUL
20 MUL
21 DIV
22 DIV
23 ASH/ASHC
24 Shift right
25 Shift left
26 Power on, trap

Microcode

The following table, indexed by microinstruction number (in octal), gives the location of each microinstruction in the flow diagrams, the next microinstruction(s), and the operation performed by that microinstruction.

The microengine of the KD11-E/EA uses a technique called a 'branch microtest' (abbreviated to 'BUT' in the drawings), where the 'next microinstruction' field (in each microinstruction - there is no 'micro-PC') can be OR'd with various bits provided by the logic in the KD11-E/EA, to provide conditional branching. More than one bit at a time can be OR'd, thereby providing multi-way branching.

In the table below, for every microinstruction which can have variation as to the next microinstruction, all possible 'next microinstruction' destinations are listed. Note that depending on the bit(s) being tested, various bits of the 'next microinstruction' address may be set.

This can result in rather odd code layout, since a multi-way branch may require microinstructions to be scattered throughout the address space, with a fixed numerical relationship among their addresses - the exact relationship depending on which bit is being tested.

One microinstruction (015), the main dispatch in instruction decoding, greatly extends the technique, with the aid of an instruction decode ROM, so the next microinstruction in its case may be one of dozens. They are mostly arranged in groups of eight, with one of each group for each addressing mode in the operands. (In the table below, such a destination is notated as 'YYx'.)

During the transcription of this information, a number of errors in the drawings were found - places were two different microinstructions were assigned to the same location. These have been corrected (and checked against a dump of the microcode).

μinstruction μcode flow diagram location next μinst Operation
000 2-A 016,017 Service intr/trap, store vector
001 26-M 432 Move PC to B
002
003 17-LL 000 Initialize system for 150msec
004 17-L 525 Destination register to PC
005 13-E 371 Fetch destination address, enable previous mode
006 17-R 541 PSW to R12
007 17-X 542 PSW to R12
 
010 14-D 644 Fetch word from top of stack
011 17-EE 645 Fetch top of stack
012 17-NN 014 No operation
013 17-OO 460 Vector to R15
014 17-MM 012,013 Service interrupt/trab, fetch vector
015 2-C + Increment PC, ubranch on instruction
016 2-B 015 Fetch next instruction, load into IR
017 26-A 460 Move vector to R15
 
020 17-A 553 Sign extend BREG
021 9-A 000 Jump address to PC
022 9-C 317 Jump address to BREG
023 9-D 317 Fetch jump address
024 9-B 021 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
025 9-G 321 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
026 9-I 322 Fetch index data
027 9-L 324 Fetch index data
 
030 11-A 343 Swap destination operand to R12
031 11-C 355 Fetch swapped destination operand
032 11-E 344 Fetch swapped destination operand
033 11-G 345 Fetch destination address
034 11-D 031 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
035 11-I 346 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
036 11-K 347 Fetch index data
037 11-N 351 Fetch index data
 
040 7-A 000 Operate and load condition codes
041 7-B 217 Fetch destination operand
042 7-D 275 Fetch destination operand
043 7-F 276 Fetch destination address
044 7-C 041 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
045 7-H 277 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
046 7-K 301 Fetch index data
047 7-M 303 Fetch index data
 
050 4-A 000 Operate and load condition codes
051 4-B 217 Set up destination address
052 4-P 217 Set up destination address, increment RDST
053 4-F 141 Fetch destination address
054 4-C 051 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
055 4-H 142 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
056 4-J 144 Fetch index data
057 4-M 146 Fetch index data
 
060 6-A 265 Destination operand to BREG
061 6-B 265 Fetch destination operand
062 6-D 263 Fetch destination operand
063 6-F 264 Fetch destination address
064 6-C 061 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
065 6-I 266 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
066 6-L 662 Fetch index data
067 6-O 272 Fetch index data
 
070 5-A 050 Destination operand to BREG
071 5-B 217 Fetch destination operand
072 5-D 242 Fetch destination operand
073 5-F 243 Fetch destination address
074 5-C 071 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
075 5-H 244 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
076 5-K 246 Fetch index data
077 5-N 661 Fetch index data
  
100 13-A 463 Destination data to R12, enable previous mode
101 13-B 455 Move destination address to R12
102 13-D 005 Move destination address to R12
103 13-G 372 Fetch destination address
104 13-C 101 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
105 13-I 373 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
106 13-K 374 Fetch index data
107 13-N 376 Fetch index data
 
110 3-A 05x, 06x. 07x Source operand to R12 and BREG
111 3-B 05x, 06x. 07x Fetch source operand
112 3-D 205 Fetch source operand
113 3-F 206 Fetch source address
114 3-C 111 Decrement RSRC, enable stack overflow
115 3-H 207 Decrement RSRC, enable stack overflow
116 3-K 212 Fetch index data
117 3-N 214 Fetch index data
 
120 15-A 675 Destination operand to R12 and BREG
121 15-F 675 Fetch destination operand
122 15-H 663 Fetch destination operand
123 15-J 664 Fetch destination address
124 15-G 121 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
125 15-M 665 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
126 15-O 667 Fetch index data
127 15-R 672 Fetch index data
 
130 16-A 705 PSW data to R12
131 16-C 706 Place destination address on bus address lines
132 16-F 706 Destination address to bus, increment RDST
133 16-G 710 Fetch destination address
134 16-E 131 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
135 16-J 711 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
136 16-L 712 Fetch index data
137 16-O 714 Fetch index data
 
140 17-U 210 RDST to BREG
141 4-G 143 Increment RDST
142 4-I 143 Fetch destination address
143 4-Q 217 Setup destination address, enable KT maintenance
144 4-K 145 Increment PC
145 4-L 143 Determine destination address
146 4-N 147 Increment PC
147 4-O 241 Determine address of destination address
 
150 17-KK 07x Zero R12
151 10-A 336 Jump address to BREG
152 10-C 327 Jump address to BREG
153 10-D 327 Fetch jump address
154 10-B 336 Decrement RDST, jump address to BREG
155 10-F 330 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
156 10-H 331 Fetch index data
157 10-K 333 Fetch index data
 
160 8-A 000 Operate on operand, load condition codes
161 8-B 265 Fetch destination operand
162 8-D 306 Fetch destination operand
163 8-F 307 Fetch destination address
164 8-C 161 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
165 8-H 310 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
166 8-K 312 Fetch index data
167 8-N 314 Fetch index data
 
170 12-A 356 Destination operand to BREG
171 12-C 370 Fetch destination operand
172 12-E 357 Fetch destination operand
173 12-G 360 Fetch destination addressa
174 12-D 171 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
175 12-I 361 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
176 12-L 363 Fetch index data
177 12-O 365 Fetch index data
  
200 17-I 522 Sign extend BREG
201 26-FF 202 Set R15 to 26
202 26-GG 577 Fetch new PSW
203 17-Q 000 Operate, set condition codes
204 17-W 000 Operate, set condition codes
205 3-E 05x,06x,07x Increment RSRC
206 3-G 211 Increment RSRC
207 3-I 211 Fetch source address
 
210 17-T 000 Operate, send condition codes
211 3-J 05x,06x,07x Fetch source operand
212 3-L 213 Increment PC
213 3-M 211 Determine source address
214 3-O 215 Increment PC
215 3-P 216 Determine address of source address
216 3-Q 211 Fetch source address
217 4-E 000 Get destination data and store, enable KT maintenance
 
220 18-A 602 Fetch multiplicand/divisor
221 18-B 602 Fetch multiplicand/divisor
222 18-D 563 Fetch multiplicand/divisor
223 18-F 565 Fetch destination address
224 18-C 221 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
225 18-H 567 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
226 18-J 571 Fetch index data
227 18-M 575 Fetch index data
 
230 23-A 633 Fetch shift count
231 23-B 633 Fetch shift count
232 23-D 621 Fetch shift count
233 23-F 622 Fetch destination address
234 23-C 231 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
235 23-H 624 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
236 23-J 625 Fetch index data
237 23-M 627 Fetch index data
 
240 17-V 204 RSRC to BREG
241 4-P 143 Fetch destination address
242 5-E 217 Increment RDST
243 5-G 245 Increment RDST
244 5-I 245 Fetch destination address
245 5-J 217 Fetch destination operand
246 5-L 247 Increment PC
247 5-M 245 Determine destination address
 
250 14-A 000 Move data to desination register
251 14-B 513 Move destination address to R13
252 14-F 474 Move destination address to R13
253 14-H 474 Fetch destination address
254 14-C 251 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
255 14-I 475 Decrement RDST, enable stack overflow
256 14-K 476 Fetch index data
257 14-N 506 Fetch index data
 
260 17-Z 700,702 Decrement RSRC, branch on 0
261 5-P 262 Determine address of destination address
262 5-Q 245 Fetch destination address
263 6-E 265 Increment RDST
264 6-G 267 Increment RDST
265 6-H 000 Operate and load condition codes
266 6-J 267 Fetch destination address
267 6-K 265 Fetch destination operand
 
270 17-P 203 RDEST to BREG
271 6-N 267 Determine destination address
272 6-P 273 Increment PC
273 6-Q 274 Determine address of destination address
274 6-R 267 Fetch destination address
275 7-E 217 Increment RDST
276 7-G 300 Increment RDST
277 7-I 300 Fetch destination address
  
300 7-J 217 Fetch destination operand
301 7-L 302 Increment PC
302 7-M 300 Determine destination address
303 7-O 304 Increment PC
304 7-P 305 Determine address of destination address
305 7-Q 300 Fetch destination address
306 8-E 265 Increment RDST
307 8-G 311 Increment RDST
 
310 8-I 311 Fetch destination address
311 8-J 265 Fetch destination operand
312 8-L 313 Increment PC
313 8-M 311 Determine desination address
314 8-O 315 Increment PC
315 8-P 316 Determine address of desination address
316 8-Q 311 Fetch destination address
317 9-E 320 Increment RDST
 
320 9-F 000 Jump address to PC
321 9-H 320 Fetch jump address
322 9-J 323 Increment PC
323 9-K 000 Determine jump address
324 9-M 325 Increment PC
325 9-N 326 Determine address of jump address
326 9-O 320 Fetch jump address
327 10-E 336 Increment RDST
 
330 10-G 336 Fetch jump address
331 10-I 332 Increment PC
332 10-J 336 Determine jump address
333 10-L 334 Increment PC
334 10-M 335 Determine address of jump address
335 10-N 336 Fetch jump address
336 10-O 337 Decrement SP
337 10-P 340 Set up bus address
 
3401 10-Q 341 Output RSRC to stack
341 10-R 342 Move PC to RSRC
342 10-S 000 BREG to PC
343 11-B 000 Load condition codes
344 11-F 355 Increment RDST
345 11-H 354 Increment RDST
346 11-J 354 Fetch destination address
347 11-L 350 Increment PC
 
350 11-M 354 Determine destination address
351 11-O 352 Increment PC
352 11-P 353 Determine address of destination address
353 11-Q 354 Fetch destination address
354 11-R 355 Fetch swapped destination operand
355 11-S 000 Store data, load condition codes
356 12-B 050 Shift operand
3572 12-F 370 Increment RDST
 
360 12-H 362 Increment RDST
361 12-J 362 Fetch destination address
362 12-K 370 Fetch destination operand
363 12-M 364 Increment PC
364 12-N 362 Determine destination address
365 12-P 366 Increment PC
366 12-Q 367 Determine address of destination address
367 12-R 362 Fetch destination address
 
370 12-S 217 Shift operand
371 13-F 463 Increment RDST
372 13-H 455 Increment RDST
373 13-J 455 Fetch destination address
374 13-L 375 Increment PC
375 13-M 455 Determine destination address
376 13-O 377 Increment PC
377 13-P 643 Determine address of destination address
  
400 18-S 402,502 Complement & test sign of multiplicand
401 18-T 404,406 Test divisor for zero
402 19-A 403,503 Zero R17 and B, test multiplicand
403 19-J 606 Put multiplier in BX
404 21-A 612 Put one's complement of divisor in R13
405 19-D 407 Put one's complement of multiplier in R13
406 22-W 620 Set V bit
407 19-U 413,417,433,437,
453,457,473,477
Shift right (partial product, multiplier), decrement counter
 
410 20-C 420,422 Test upper product for all 1's
411 20-L 611 Clear C bit
412 20-H 414,416 Test lower product for zero
413 19-M 413,417,433,437,
453,457,473,477
Shift right (partial product, multiplier), decrement counter
414 20-J 411,511 Test MSB of lower product
415 20-G 611 Set C bit
416 20-I 414 Set Z bit
417 19-P 607 Store upper product
 
420 20-E 415 Set V bit
421 21-L 424 Fetch lower dividend
422 20-D 415,515 Test MSB of lower product
423 21-F 424 Take one's complement of upper dividend
424 21-M 425,435 Shift upper dividend left, test sign of divisor
425 21-O 440,442 Subtract divisor from dividend, test remainder
426 22-S 616 Set V bit
427 19-L 407 Subtract multiplicand from partial product
 
430 25-A 452,456 Test counter for 0, fetch upper part of operand
431 22-J 616 Clear V bit
432 26-N 731 Move PC to R5
433 19-T 473 Add multiplicand to partial product
434 24-A 516,517 Test IR9 to determine ASH/ASHC
435 21-N 440,442 Subtract divisor from dividend, test remainder
436 17-D 556 BREG to SP
437 19-Q 607 Store upper product
 
440 21-P 442,462 Test first quotient bit
441 22-B 461 Add divisor to remainder
442 21-G 640,650,660,670 Shift remainder left, test sign of divisor, test LSB of quotient
443 22-N 615 Srore remainder
444 22-D 614 Srore remainder
445 24-E 635 Save BX in B, clear N bit
446 22-A 441,451,461,471 Test quotient LSB and sign of divisor
447 24-D 634 Save BX in B, clear N bit
 
4503 17-II 744 Step SP
451 22-K 471 Add divisor to remainder
452 25-D 652,653 Test IR9 to determine ASH/ASHC, fetch lower part of operand
453 19-O 413 Subtract multiplicand from partial product
454 24-K 641 Clear C bit
455 13-R 463 Fetch destination data, enable previous mode
456 25-B 500,501 Test IR9 to determine ASH/ASHC
457 19-R 607 Store upper product
 
460 26-B 470 Move PSW to B
461 22-C 444,544 Test sign of dividend
462 22-Y 000 Set V bit
463 13-S 472 Decrement SP
464 24-U 465 Store lower result, clear N bit
465 24-X 637 Clear Z bit
466 24-T 465,467 Store lower result, clear N bit, test for 0
467 24-W 637 Clear Z bit
 
470 26-C 504 Increment vector address
471 22-L 443,543 Test sign of dividend
472 13-P 217 Set up bus address
473 19-N 413,417,433,437,
453,457,473,477
Shift right (partial product, multiplier), decrement counter
474 14-G 513 Increment RDST
475 14-J 513 Fetch destination address
476 14-L 552 Increment PC
477 19-S 607 Store upper product
  
500 25-C 512 Clear BX to indicate C bit = 0
501 25-M 651 No operation
502 19-I 403 Zero R17 and B
503 19-B 405,505 Put multiplier in R12 and test sign
504 26-D 560 Fetch new PSW
505 19-C 603 Put one's complement of multiplier in R13
506 14-D 510 Increment PC
507 19-F 604 Shift right (100000, 100000)
 
510 14-P 514 Determine address of destination address
511 20-K 611 Set C bit
512 24-C 445,447,545 Store upper result, test sign of Z bit
513 14-R 520 Setup bus address, enable previous mode
514 14-Q 513 Fetch destination address
515 20-F 611 Clear C bit
516 24-B 512,516 Shift upper part of operand
517 24-O 707 Fetch lower part of operand
 
520 14-S 000 Output data to destination address
521 21-C 613 Fetch lower dividend
522 17-J 523 Shift BREG left one bit
523 17-K 000 Add offset to PC
524 22-V 000 Set V bit
525 17-M 527 Fetch top of stack
526 22-R 616 Clear V bit
527 17-N 533 Step stack to pointer
 
530 22-G 431,531 Clear U bit
531 22-I 616 Set V bit
532 22-H 431 Clear N bit, set Z bit
533 17-O 000 Load stack data into destination register
534 22-Q 426,526 Clear V bit
535 17-GG 537 Step SP
536 22-P 526 Clear N bit, set Z bit
537 17-HH 450 Fetch top of stack
 
540 26-KK 741 Clear IR to halt processor
541 17-S 000 Mask and set condition codes
542 17-Y 000 Mask and set condition codes
543 22-M 614 Srore remainder
544 22-E 615 Srore remainder
545 24-F 635 Save BX in B, set N bit
546 17-CC 547 Calculate offset
547 17-DD 000 Subtract offset from PC
 
550 24-M 641 Clear C bit
551 17-G 561 Data to R5
552 14-M 513 Determine destination address
553 17-B 555 Shift BREG left, R5 to BXREG
554 24-L 641 Set C bit
555 17-C 436 Add PC to BREG
556 17-E 557 BXREG to PC
557 17-F 551 Fetch top of stack
 
560 26-E 562 R6 <- R6-2, enable stack overflow
561 17-H 000 Step SP
562 26-F 566 Place SP address on bus lines
563 18-E 602 Increment RDST
564 24-V 465 Store lower result, set N bit
565 18-G 601 Increment RDST
566 26-G 570 Output old PSW, enable double bus errors
567 18-I 601 Fetch destination address
 
570 26-H 572 Decrement SP, enable stack overflow
571 18-K 574 Increment PC
572 26-I 573 Place SP address on bus lines
573 26-J 577 Push old PC on stack
574 18-L 601 Determine destination address
575 18-N 576 Increment PC
576 18-O 600 Determine address of destination address
577 26-K 646 Decrement vector address
  
600 18-P 601 Fetch destination address
601 18-Q 602 Fetch multiplicand/divisor
602 18-R 400,401 Load step counter, test IR9 for multiply/divide
603 19-E 407,507 Test two's complement of multiplier
604 19-G 605 Load B and R5 with 040000
605 19-H 610 Zero lower product
606 19-K 407,427 Test LSB of BX for first multiply step
607 20-A 610 Store lower product
 
610 20-B 701 C out is the sign of the product
611 20-M 000 Transfer condition codes to PSW
612 21-B 421,521 Fetch upper dividend and test sign
613 21-D 423,623 Take two's complement of lower dividend
614 22-F 530,532 Store quotient, clear N bit
615 22-O 534,536 Store quotient, set N bit
616 22-T 617 Clear C bit
617 22-U 000 Transfer condition codes to PSW
 
620 22-X 000 Set C bit
621 23-E 633 Increment RDST
622 23-G 632 Increment RDST
623 21-E 424,524 Take two's complement of upper dividend
624 23-I 632 Fetch destination address
625 23-K 626 Increment PC
626 23-L 632 Determine destination address
627 23-N 630 Increment PC
 
630 23-O 631 Determine address of destination address
631 23-P 632 Fetch destination address
632 23-Q 633 Fetch shift count
633 23-R 430,434 Test sign of counter
634 24-G 636 Set Z bit
635 24-H 636 Clear Z bit
636 24-I 454,554 V bit <- OVX
637 24-J 550,554 V bit <- OVX
 
640 21-J 442,446 Add divisor to remainder, test counter sign
641 24-N 000 Transfer condition codes to PSW
642 14-E 25x Increment SP
643 13-Q 455 Fetch destination address
644 14-T 642 Move stack data to R12
645 17-FF 535 Data to PC
6464 26-L 320 Fetch new PC
647 26-CC 654 Add 2 to R15
 
650 21-K 442,446 Add divisor to remainder, test counter sign
651 25-N 464,466,564 Store upper result, test sign of Z bit
652 25-H 753 Clear BX so that 0's shift into B
653 25-E 653,657 Shift double operand left, decrement counter
654 26-DD 656 Set R15 to 5
655 25-K 512 Clear BX to indicate C bit is 0
656 26-EE 201 Set R15 to 013
657 25-F 651,751 Test R17 to determine C bit
 
660 21-H 442,446 Subtract divisor from remainder, test counter sign
661 5-O 261 Increment PC
662 6-M 271 Increment PC
663 15-I 675 Increment RDST
664 15-K 666 Increment RDST
665 15-N 666 Fetch destination address
666 15-L 675 Fetch destination operand
667 15-P 671 Increment PC
 
670 21-I 442,446 Subtract divisor from remainder, test counter sign
671 15-Q 666 Determine destination address
672 15-S 673 Increment PC
673 15-T 674 Determine address of destination address
674 15-U 666 Fetch destination address
675 15-B 676 Set R17 to all 1's
676 15-C 677 Set R17 equal to PSW address
677 15-D 704 Place PSW address on bus address lines
  
700 17-BB 546 Swap bytes, shift BREG left
701 20-N 410,412 Test upper product for zero
702 17-AA 000 No operation
703 24-R 723 Clear counter to indicate C bit is 0
704 15-E 000 Output destination operand to PSW
705 16-B 000 Move R12 to RDST
706 16-D 217 Move PSW data to R12
707 24-Q 703,707,723,727 Shift double operand right, increment counter
 
710 16-H 717 Increment RDST
711 16-K 717 Fetch destination address
712 16-M 713 Increment PC
713 16-N 717 Determine destination address
714 16-P 715 Increment PC
715 16-Q 716 Determine address of destination address
716 16-R 717 Fetch destination address
717 16-I 706 Place destination address on bus address lines
 
720 26-HH 741 Clear IR to halt processor
721 26-Z 737 Shift B left, zero B LSB
722 26-Q 734 Put all 1's in the PC
723 24-S 464,466,564 Store upper result, test sign of Z bit
724 26-S 735 Move all 1's to B
725 26-AA 540,740 Increment PC, branch on COUT
726 26-II 741 Clear IR to halt processor
727 24-P 703,707,723,727 Shift double operand right, increment counter
 
730 26-JJ 741 Clear IR to halt processor
731 26-O 733 Clear PC
732 26-U 736 Move 016 to counter
733 26-P 720,722 Test for 0 PC
734 26-R 724,726 Test for 0 PC
735 26-T 730,732 XOR PC and B
736 26-V 743 Clear B
737 26-X 742 Move B to BX
 
740 26-BB 647 Clear R15
741 26-LL 000 No operation
742 26-Y 721,725 Add PC and BX, decrement count
743 26-W 737 Put 1 in B
744 17-JJ 000 Data to PSW
745
746
747
 
750
751 25-G 651 Set counter to indicate C bit is 1
752
753 25-I 753,757 Shift single operand left, decrement counter
754
755 25-L 512 Set BX to indicate C bit is 1
756
757 25-J 655,755 Test R17 to determine C bit

Notes:

1 - prints say 346; '6' written for '0'
2 - prints say 375; digit swap
3 - prints say 540; digit swap
4 - prints give a different 'next' from a microcode dump

+ - This is the main instruction decode multi-way branch. Possible next microinstructions include:

  • 11x (indirect to 05x, 07x, 06x)
  • 04x, 16x, 02x, 15x, 03x, 17x, 10x, 25x, 12x, 13x, 22x, 23x (instructions)
  • 003, 004, 006, 007, 011, 014, 020, 150, 200, 260 (individual instructions)
  • 270, 210, 240, 140 (simple instructions)

External links