Difference between revisions of "M9312 ROM"

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The '''M9312 [[Read-only memory|ROM]]''' card was a [[UNIBUS]] card for the [[PDP-11]] series of computers. It contained 512 words of [[Read-only memory|ROM]] memory, all readable directly from the UNIBUS (i.e. not windowed). The M9312 also provided [[termination]] for the UNIBUS.
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[[Image:M9312.jpg|250px|thumb|right|M9312 card]]
  
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It was a [[DEC card form factor|dual]] format card, intended for use in the two [[DEC card form factor#Edge connector contact identification|top (AB) sections]] of a [[Modified UNIBUS Device|MUD]] slot, or in a UNIBUS in/out slot.
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The '''M9312 ROM''' card was a [[UNIBUS]] [[read-only memory|ROM]] card for the [[PDP-11]] series of computers. It contained 512 [[word]]s of ROM, all readable directly from the UNIBUS (i.e. not windowed). The M9312 also provided [[UNIBUS and QBUS termination|termination]] for the UNIBUS.
  
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The board occupied addresses 773000-773776 (high ROM) and 765000-765776 (low ROM); a configuration jumper allowed the lower block to be disabled.
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It was a [[DEC card form factor|dual]] format card, intended for use in the [[DEC edge connector contact identification|two top (AB) sections]] of a [[Modified UNIBUS Device|MUD]] slot, or in a UNIBUS in/out slot.
  
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Configuration switches controlled which address the CPU jumped to on power on (a clever kludge, controlled by one configuration switch, allowed the board to force the CPU to read its power-on [[Program Counter|PC]] and [[Processor Status Word|PS]] from the ROM, at a location set by other configuration switches, thereby allowing auto-boot on power-on).
+
The board occupied [[address]]es 773000-773776 (high ROM) and 765000-765776 (low ROM); a configuration jumper allowed the lower block to be disabled.
  
 
==ROMs==
 
==ROMs==
  
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The standard ROM contents provided the ability to [[bootstrap]] the machine, from [[disk]], [[magnetic tape]], etc, but the board could be used for any purpose. The DEC-supplied pre-programmed ROMs included a console emulator, and basic diagnostics.
+
The contents of the standard PROMs from [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] provided a virtual [[front panel]] emulator over the console [[asynchronous serial line]], basic [[Central Processing Unit|CPU]] and [[main memory]] diagnostics, and the ability to [[bootstrap]] the machine from [[disk]], [[magnetic tape]], etc; a command to boot the machine could be given in the emulator, using a symbolic [[DEC bootstrap device codes|device code]]. However, the board could be used for any purpose.
  
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It used five 4-bit wide PROMs to hold the data: one for the basic console and diagnostics, and the other four to hold the selected bootstraps (selected from a large set available from DEC),
+
The board used five 4-bit wide PROMs to hold the data; the DEC-supplied pre-programmed PROMs included the console emulator and diagnostics in one ROM, and used the other four to hold the selected bootstraps (selected from a large set available from DEC, see below).
  
−
==Configuration switches==
+
The diagnostics include i) primary CPU tests, ii) secondary CPU tests, and a memory test. The primary tests are performed before entering the console emulator; if a failure is detected, the processor goes into an infinite loop at the failing test. The secondary tests and memory test are run when a boot command is given from the console emulator.
  
−
The board contains a single 10-switch [[DIP]] switch, S1, which together with a number of jumpers, controls the board's behaviour.
+
There were two different emulator/diagnostic PROMs; one for the [[PDP-11/70]] and [[PDP-11/60]], which check the machine's [[cache]], and one for all the other PDP-11 models.
  
−
If S1-1 is set to 'off' (open), the new PS and PC loaded on power-on will point to the high ROM; if 'on' (closed), it will be in the low ROM.
+
==Configuration==
  
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If S1-2 is 'off', the system will power-up normally; if 'on', the CPU will obtain its new PC/PS pair from locations 173024 on the card, which contain a mixture of bits from the ROM (high bits) and the configuration switches (low bits), which can be used to force the CPU to start executing in the ROM on power-on.
+
The board was configured using both a single 10-switch [[Dual Inline Package|DIP]] switch, S1, and a number of [[jumper]]s, together with they control the board's behaviour.
  
−
Switches S1-3 through S1-10 contain bits 8 through 1 of the power-on PC (above).
+
===Switches===
  
−
==Configuration jumpers==
+
Configuration switches control which address the CPU jumps to on power on.
 +
 
 +
A clever trick, controlled by one configuration switch, allowed the board to force the CPU to read its power-on [[Program Counter|PC]] and [[Processor Status Word|PS]] from the ROM, at a location set by other configuration switches, thereby allowing auto-boot on power-on.
 +
 
 +
If S1-2 is 'off', the system will power-up normally; if 'on', the CPU will obtain its new PC/PS pair from locations 173024 on the card, which contain a mixture of bits from the ROM (high bits) and the configuration switches (low bits), which can be used to force the CPU to start executing in the ROM on power-on. (This is done by asserting the appropriate high address lines on the UNIBUS for the first two bus cycles after power-up; a technique pioneered by the [[BM873 ROM]].)
 +
 
 +
If S1-1 is set to 'off' (open), the new PS and PC loaded on power-on will point to the high ROM; if 'on' (closed), it will be in the low ROM. Switches S1-3 through S1-10 contain bits 8 through 1 of the power-on PC (above).
 +
 
 +
===Jumpers===
  
 
* W1-W5 - When inserted, termination is provided for the [[bus grant line]]s of the UNIBUS.
 
* W1-W5 - When inserted, termination is provided for the [[bus grant line]]s of the UNIBUS.
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Two, TP2 and TP3, are [[ground return]]s (for TP1 and TP4, respectively). TP1, when momemtarily grounded, forces the machine to execute a power-fail/restart sequence (by asserting UNIBUS line ACLO). TP4, when grounded, forces the machine to execute the on-board ROM on power on, no matter what the position of S1-2 (above).
 
Two, TP2 and TP3, are [[ground return]]s (for TP1 and TP4, respectively). TP1, when momemtarily grounded, forces the machine to execute a power-fail/restart sequence (by asserting UNIBUS line ACLO). TP4, when grounded, forces the machine to execute the on-board ROM on power on, no matter what the position of S1-2 (above).
  
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==ROM variants==
+
==PROM variants==
  
 +
The following table lists the DEC standard PROMs by part number, and the devices they support. When a particular PROM suppports more than one type of device, the second device type is indicated with a '*' after the part number.
  
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! ROM part # !! Device !! Controller
 +
|-
 +
| 23-751A9 || [[RL01/02 disk drive|RL01/RL02]] [[disk]] || [[RL11 disk controller|RL11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-752A9 || [[RK06/07 disk drive|RK06/RK07]] disk || [[RK611 disk controller|RK611]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-753A9 || [[RX01/02 floppy drive|RX01]] [[floppy disk|floppy]] || [[RX11 floppy disk controller|RX11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-811A9 || [[RX01/02 floppy drive|RX02]] floppy || [[RX211 floppy disk controller|RX211]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-755A9 || [[RP02 disk drive|RP02]]/[[RP03 disk drive|RP03]] disk || [[RP11 disk controller|RP11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-755A9* || [[RP04 disk drive|RP04]]/[[RP05 disk drive|RP05]]/[[RP05 disk drive|RP06]], [[RM02/03 disk drive|RM02/03]] disk || [[RH11 MASSBUS controller|RH11]], [[RH70 MASSBUS controller|RH70]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-756A9 || [[RK02/03 disk drive|RK02-RK03]]/[[RK05 disk drive|RK05]] disk || [[RK11 disk controller|RK11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-756A9* || [[TU55 DECtape Transport|TU55]]/[[TU56 DECtape Transport|TU56]] [[DECtape]] || [[TC11 DECtape controller|TC11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-757A9 || [[TU16 magtape drive|TU16]]/[[TU16 magtape drive|TE16]] [[magnetic tape|magtape]] || [[TM02 magtape controller|TM02]], [[TM03 magtape controller|TM03]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-758A9 || [[TU10 magtape drive|TU10]]/[[TE10 magtape drive|TE10]]/[[TS03 magtape drive|TS03]] magtape || [[TM11 magtape controller|TM11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-759A9 || [[RS03/04 disk drive|RS03/04]] [[fixed-head disk]] || [[RH11 MASSBUS controller|RH11]], [[RH70 MASSBUS controller|RH70]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-760A9 || [[PC04/PC05 High-Speed Paper-Tape Reader/Punch|PC05]] high-speed [[paper tape]] reader || [[PC11 High-Speed Paper-Tape Reader/Punch Control|PC11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-760A9* || console low-speed reader || [[DL11 asynchronous serial line interface|DL11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-761A9 || [[TU60 DECasetteTape Transport|TU60]] DECcassette || [[TA11 Magnetic Tape Cassette controller|TA11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-762A9 || [[RS11 disk drive|RS11]] fixed-head disk || [[RF11 disk controller|RF11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-762A9* || [[RS64 disk drive|RS64]] fixed-head disk || [[RC11 disk controller|RC11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-763A9 || [[CR11 Card Readers|CR11 Card Reader]] [[punched card]] reader || [[CR11 Controller|CR11]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-764A9 || [[TS04]], [[TU80]] magtape || [[TS11]], [[TU80K]]
 +
|-
 +
| 23-765A9 || [[TU58 DECtape II|TU58]] [[DECtape II]] || [[DL11 asynchronous serial line interface|DL11]]
 +
|}
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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* [[UNIBUS boot ROMs]]
 
* [[UNIBUS boot ROMs]]
  
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==Reference==
+
==External links==
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.bitsavers.org/www.computer.museum.uq.edu.au/pdf/EK-M9312-TM-002%20M9312%20Bootstrap-Terminator%20Module%20Technical%20Manual.pdf M9312 bootstrap/terminator module technical manual] (EK-M9312-TM-002)
 +
* [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/unibus/MP00617_M9312.pdf M9312 Field Maintenance Print Set] (MP00617)
 +
* [http://www.ak6dn.com/PDP-11/M9312/ M9312 PROM Files]
  
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* EK-M9312-TM-003, ''M9312 bootstrap/terminator module technical manual''
+
[[Category: UNIBUS ROMs]]

Latest revision as of 11:42, 3 April 2022

M9312 card

The M9312 ROM card was a UNIBUS ROM card for the PDP-11 series of computers. It contained 512 words of ROM, all readable directly from the UNIBUS (i.e. not windowed). The M9312 also provided termination for the UNIBUS.

It was a dual format card, intended for use in the two top (AB) sections of a MUD slot, or in a UNIBUS in/out slot.

The board occupied addresses 773000-773776 (high ROM) and 765000-765776 (low ROM); a configuration jumper allowed the lower block to be disabled.

ROMs

The contents of the standard PROMs from DEC provided a virtual front panel emulator over the console asynchronous serial line, basic CPU and main memory diagnostics, and the ability to bootstrap the machine from disk, magnetic tape, etc; a command to boot the machine could be given in the emulator, using a symbolic device code. However, the board could be used for any purpose.

The board used five 4-bit wide PROMs to hold the data; the DEC-supplied pre-programmed PROMs included the console emulator and diagnostics in one ROM, and used the other four to hold the selected bootstraps (selected from a large set available from DEC, see below).

The diagnostics include i) primary CPU tests, ii) secondary CPU tests, and a memory test. The primary tests are performed before entering the console emulator; if a failure is detected, the processor goes into an infinite loop at the failing test. The secondary tests and memory test are run when a boot command is given from the console emulator.

There were two different emulator/diagnostic PROMs; one for the PDP-11/70 and PDP-11/60, which check the machine's cache, and one for all the other PDP-11 models.

Configuration

The board was configured using both a single 10-switch DIP switch, S1, and a number of jumpers, together with they control the board's behaviour.

Switches

Configuration switches control which address the CPU jumps to on power on.

A clever trick, controlled by one configuration switch, allowed the board to force the CPU to read its power-on PC and PS from the ROM, at a location set by other configuration switches, thereby allowing auto-boot on power-on.

If S1-2 is 'off', the system will power-up normally; if 'on', the CPU will obtain its new PC/PS pair from locations 173024 on the card, which contain a mixture of bits from the ROM (high bits) and the configuration switches (low bits), which can be used to force the CPU to start executing in the ROM on power-on. (This is done by asserting the appropriate high address lines on the UNIBUS for the first two bus cycles after power-up; a technique pioneered by the BM873 ROM.)

If S1-1 is set to 'off' (open), the new PS and PC loaded on power-on will point to the high ROM; if 'on' (closed), it will be in the low ROM. Switches S1-3 through S1-10 contain bits 8 through 1 of the power-on PC (above).

Jumpers

  • W1-W5 - When inserted, termination is provided for the bus grant lines of the UNIBUS.
  • W6 - In for machines with push-button boot capability
  • W7 - Always in
  • W8 - When inserted, the low bank of memory on the card (765000-765777) is disabled; when removed, it is enabled.
  • W9-W10 - Out for use with a PDP-11/60; in for all others
  • W11-W12 - In for use with a PDP-11/60; out for all others

Connector tabs

The board contains four connector tabs, which may be used with a pair of external switches, to control the board's behaviour.

Two, TP2 and TP3, are ground returns (for TP1 and TP4, respectively). TP1, when momemtarily grounded, forces the machine to execute a power-fail/restart sequence (by asserting UNIBUS line ACLO). TP4, when grounded, forces the machine to execute the on-board ROM on power on, no matter what the position of S1-2 (above).

PROM variants

The following table lists the DEC standard PROMs by part number, and the devices they support. When a particular PROM suppports more than one type of device, the second device type is indicated with a '*' after the part number.

ROM part # Device Controller
23-751A9 RL01/RL02 disk RL11
23-752A9 RK06/RK07 disk RK611
23-753A9 RX01 floppy RX11
23-811A9 RX02 floppy RX211
23-755A9 RP02/RP03 disk RP11
23-755A9* RP04/RP05/RP06, RM02/03 disk RH11, RH70
23-756A9 RK02-RK03/RK05 disk RK11
23-756A9* TU55/TU56 DECtape TC11
23-757A9 TU16/TE16 magtape TM02, TM03
23-758A9 TU10/TE10/TS03 magtape TM11
23-759A9 RS03/04 fixed-head disk RH11, RH70
23-760A9 PC05 high-speed paper tape reader PC11
23-760A9* console low-speed reader DL11
23-761A9 TU60 DECcassette TA11
23-762A9 RS11 fixed-head disk RF11
23-762A9* RS64 fixed-head disk RC11
23-763A9 CR11 Card Reader punched card reader CR11
23-764A9 TS04, TU80 magtape TS11, TU80K
23-765A9 TU58 DECtape II DL11

See also

External links

Retrieved from "https://gunkies.org/w/index.php?title=M9312_ROM&oldid=25439"